内生产酶溶杆菌R-2-1发酵工艺优化

以一株具有广谱抗菌活性的黄花蒿内生产酶溶杆菌(Lysobacter enzymogenes)R-2-1为研究对象,在LB液态培养基基础上,通过正交试验确定了其最佳发酵培养基组成为:玉米粉20 g·L-1,花生粕20 g·L-1,豆粕20 g·L-1,酵母提取物2 g·L-1,胰蛋白胨4 g·L-1,(NH4)2SO46 g·L-1,K2HPO46 g·L-1,Mg SO4·7H2O 4.8 g·L-1,Mn SO4·H2O 0.02 g·L-1,Fe SO4·7H2O 0.01 g·L-1,Ca Cl2·2H2O 0.12 g·L-1,Na Cl 2.4 g·L-1,核黄素3.0 g·L-1,硫胺素1.2 g·L-1,维生素B60.01 g·L-1,生物素0.1 g·L-1,优化后培养活菌数24 h达到6.94×108cfu·m L-1。以菌株R-2-1总发酵代谢物产量为指标,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法优化其发酵工艺条件,确定最佳发酵条件为:发酵时间87.2 h,初始p H 7.55,装液量204 m L,接种量7.90 m L,发酵物产量达(0.518±0.050)g·200 m L-1;通过摇床转速和发酵温度因素考查,确定在摇床转速210 r·min-1、发酵温度30℃条件下,该菌代谢物产量可进一步提高到(0.523±0.023)g·200 m L-1。本试验结果可为该菌杀菌剂扩大生产提供参考。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌ZQ-55发酵生产L-乳酸的工艺优化

为提高鼠李糖乳杆菌ZQ-55发酵生产L-乳酸的产量,采用单因素和正交试验对L-乳酸发酵培养基和发酵条件进行优化。结果表明:ZQ-55发酵生产L-乳酸的最佳培养基组成为葡萄糖16g/100mL、蛋白胨0.25g/100mL、酵母粉1.0g/100mL、乙酸钠0.3g/100mL、K_2HPO_40.1g/100mL、吐温-80 0.1g/100mL、Mg_SO_4·7H_2O 0.02g/100mL、MnSO_4·H_2O 0.05g/100mL。最适发酵条件为发酵时间72h,接种量10%,温度37℃,转速150r/min,装液量为100mL,一次性添加碳酸钙10g。以该培养基为最适L-乳酸发酵培养基和发酵条件进行发酵,在摇瓶水平上的L-乳酸产量为120g/L。进行5L发酵罐上罐发酵生产L-乳酸,产量为160.5g/L,产L-乳酸速率为2.23g/(L·h),葡萄糖的总添加量为187g/L,糖转化为L-乳酸的转化率为85.56%,L-乳酸的光学纯度为95.39%。     

人参锈腐病拮抗细菌HNO1发酵条件优化

通过单因素试验和正交试验,对人参锈腐病拮抗细菌HN01进行摇床发酵条件和培养基配方研究.结果表明:该菌最适发酵条件为温度30℃,初始pH值7.0,250mL三角瓶装液50mL,接菌量10％,摇床转速150r· min-1,发酵时间36h.最佳产菌培养基组分为葡萄糖15.0g·L-1,牛肉膏8g·L-1,NaCl 5g·L-1,(NH4)2SO41 mg· L-1,K2HPO4 4g·L-1.抑菌培养基组分为葡萄糖10g·L-1,牛肉膏8g· L-1,NaCl3g· L-1,(NH4)2SO4 2mg· L-1,K2HPO4 4g· L-1     

疮痂链霉菌许昌亚种SCY114发酵条件的研究

以小麦全蚀病菌为靶标菌,通过单因素试验和正交设计试验,对疮痂链霉菌许昌亚种SCY114发酵条件进行了优化.结果表明,疮痂链霉菌许昌亚种SCY114菌株的最佳发酵培养基的营养成分分别为可溶性淀粉20 g· L-1,黄豆饼粉40 g·L-1,MgSO4·7H200.75 g·L-1,K2HPO4 1.0 g·L-1.最佳发酵条件:初始pH值7.0,发酵温度28℃,种子液种龄36 h,接种量6％,装液量70 mL三角瓶(250 mL),转速200 r·min-,发酵时间5d.     

红曲霉产酯化酶液体培养基研究

通过对4株红曲霉进行液体发酵研究,筛选出产酯化酶能力较高的红曲霉ZK,其发酵液中酯化酶活力为206.4U·mL-1,再应用单因素和正交试验对其培养基配方进行研究,结果表明,液体发酵红曲霉的最佳培养基组成为:可溶性淀粉70.0g·L-1、蛋白胨25.0g·L-1、MgSO4·7H2O 1.0g·L-1;连续进行4个批次的稳定性试验证明,以最佳培养基发酵,酯化酶平均酶活力为293.8U·mL-1,酶活力提高了42.3%,为红曲霉的进一步开发利用提供了参考数据.     

白刺链霉菌(Streptomyces albospinus)CT205菌株发酵条件优化及其次生代谢产物性质研究

[目的]为了获得白刺链霉菌(Streptomyces albospinus)CT205菌株摇瓶发酵最佳配方和适宜的发酵条件,并初步研究其次生代谢产物的性质。[方法]通过碳、氮源单因子试验、正交试验和主要发酵条件优化试验,以菌浓度和抑菌圈大小为指标确定其最佳发酵培养基配方和发酵条件。通过GF254薄板层析、生物测定、紫外检测、稳定性试验,研究菌株CT205发酵产生的次生代谢产物性质。[结果]菌株CT205发酵最佳培养基配方:蔗糖20.0g·L-1,可溶性淀粉30.0g·L-1,蛋白胨2.0g·L-1,黄豆粉8.0g·L-1,MgSO4·7H2O0.5g·L-1,K2HPO4·7H2O0.5g·L-1,NaCl2.0g·L-1,CaCO33.0g·L-1;最佳发酵温度为28~30℃,初始pH8.0;CT205发酵产生的抗菌活性成分的Rf值为0.68,其在λ=258nm处有1个强紫外吸收峰。在不同温度(60、80和100℃)、紫外光照射不同时间(5、10和30min)处理下,活性成分的抗菌活性与对照相比变化不大,在用酸碱处理后,其抗菌活性比对照略有下降。[结论]获得了菌株CT205优化的发酵培养基配方及适宜的发酵条件,其次生代谢产物对热和紫外光均表现出较强的稳定性,但偏酸、偏碱的环境对其活性有一定的影响。     

假单孢菌20#-5菌株发酵条件的研究

对一株新近分离的抗生素产生菌假单孢菌(Pseudomonassp.)20#-5菌株的发酵培养基组成(碳源、氮源)和工艺条件(发酵温度、初始pH、装液量和摇速)进行了摸索,通过单因素实验和正交优化实验,确定了20#-5菌株发酵培养基的组成:麸皮3%,豆饼粉2%,Na2HPO4·12H2O0.05%,MgSO4·7H2O0.1%;最适发酵温度为30℃;最适pH值为9.0。在优化条件下,抑菌圈直径最大为1.5cm。20#-5菌株生长的较适温度和初始pH值分别为28～32℃和7.0～9.0。装液量和摇速对发酵有一定影响。     

人参锈腐病拮抗细菌BSO15最适发酵条件研究

通过单因子试验和正交试验方法对人参锈腐病拮抗细菌BSO15摇床发酵条件和培养基配方进行了研究.结果表明:最适发酵条件为装液量20%,接菌量5%,pH7,温度28～30℃;发酵最适培养基配方为葡萄糖18g/L、L-谷氨酸钠12g/L、牛肉浸膏5g/L、磷酸氢二钾4g/L、硫酸镁1 mg/L、氯化钠3g/L、硫酸锰5 mg/L.     

人参锈腐病拮抗细菌BS015最适发酵条件研究

通过单因子试验和正交试验方法对人参锈腐病拮抗细菌BS015摇床发酵条件和培养基配方进行了研究。结果表明:最适发酵条件为装液量20%,接菌量5%,pH7,温度28～30℃;发酵最适培养基配方为葡萄糖18 g/L、L-谷氨酸钠12 g/L、牛肉浸膏5 g/L、磷酸氢二钾4 g/L、硫酸镁1 mg/L、氯化钠3 g/L、硫酸锰5 mg/L。     

草地早熟禾褐斑病拮抗细菌发酵条件的研究

采用发酵液抑菌法,探明草地早熟禾褐斑病拮抗细菌G10菌株的发酵条件。结果显示:最佳培养基配方为:山梨醇10g、牛肉膏5 g、KH2PO4 0.2 g、MgSO4.7H2O 0.2 g、NaCl 0.2 g、CaSO4.2H2O 0.2 g、CaCO3 5 g、蒸馏水1 000 mL;最适发酵条件为:起始pH 6.0、温度35℃、转速150 r/min、接种量2%、发酵时间48 h。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。