兔出血症病毒（RHDV）及其免疫复合物在兔体内的动态分布

用RHDV人工感染易感兔,每隔4小时剖杀一组,整个病程大多为24小时,且病变典型.血凝试验查得,主要脏器病毒出现时间顺序是肝(攻毒后12小时)、脾、心、肾(16小时)、肺(20小时);病程后期,病毒含量从高到低依次为肝、脾、肺、肾、心。免疫荧光间接法检查感染兔各脏器,发现病毒经肌注兔体后4小时,即可定位于肝细胞,并在肝细胞核内复制增殖;兔感染病毒后16小时,在肝、脾、肾小球中可检出有免疫复合物沉着或抗体附着。电镜检查,肝细胞核内发现有病毒粒子,直径为25～30nm,细胞结构破坏严重。作者认为,RHDV 是一种 DNA 病毒;免疫复合物引起的免疫损伤及肝细胞结构、功能被破坏是兔发生病毒性出血症的重要原因。     

实验性兔出血症的病毒抗原定位及病理形态学研究

对5例健康对照兔及25例实验感染RHDV的不同发病阶段病兔用生物素—亲和素免疫酶组化(BA)技术和常规病理学方法进行研究。结果表明RHDV是侵害多种组织细胞的泛嗜性病毒,但其主侵器官是肝脏,主要靶细胞是肝细胞及血管内皮细胞。感染初期RHDV首先在宿主细胞核内出现,随着病情发展在核内增殖、聚集,至疾病严重期核内感染强度达到高峰,濒死期略有下降。疾病后期,核内的RHDV颗粒通过破损的核膜或核崩解向细胞浆扩散。但只要核的轮廓尚存,核内RHDV的密度始终高于胞浆。本病的主要病理变化为急性坏死性肝炎,诸多器官出血、弥漫性血管内凝血,后期发展为急性败血症。疾病的实质是RHDV损伤肝细胞引起的病毒性肝炎。出血是重要的病理变化之一,它是血管内皮损伤、DIC和其它多种因素致使毛细血管壁通透性增强的反映,属于继发性病变。本文对RHDV在宿主细胞内的定性、动态变化,以及各器官组织的病理形态学变化及临床症状作了详细描写。     

兔出血症病毒人工感染幼兔的病理学研究

用兔出血症病毒（ＲＨＤＶ）分别感染５，１５和２５日龄家兔，接种后７２ｈ扑杀，对其肝，脾，肺，肾，胸腺，骨髓等作组织病理学和超微结构观察，发现幼兔感染ＲＨＤＶ与成年兔病毒性出血症不同，其主要病变是血管内皮细胞，网状细胞的增生和肝，肾等脏器实质细胞的变性，ＲＨＤＶ对一月龄以内幼兔抗亦具有感染性，并对其肝，肾等造成一定程度的病理损伤，病理损伤程度随年龄的增长而加重。     

兔出血症病毒人工感染兔的病理学研究

采用兔出血症病毒贵州分离株人工感染家兔,观察其临床表现、病理形态学及病理组织学变化。结果,临床表现:体温升高、被毛蓬乱、抽搐、呼吸困难等症状;肝,心、脾、肾等实质性器官出血或淤血,其中肝和肾有部分坏死;组织病理变化表现:肝、肾等实质性器官充满红细胞、大量中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞。贵州毒株具有高致病潜力。     

我国首株兔出血症病毒2型的致病性及病理学初步研究

为深入研究国内首次发现并鉴定的兔出血症病毒2型(RHDV2)四川分离株SC2020/04的致病性,用SC2020/04 RHDV2分离株,以皮下注射方式感染25日龄仔兔和4月龄成年兔,记录家兔发病情况,对病死兔进行剖检,并取肝脏样品进行血凝(HA)和核酸检测,取心、肝、脾、肺、肾、十二指肠等组织制作病理切片,进行病理学研究。试验结果显示,感染后仔兔18 h出现死亡,成年兔40 h出现死亡,死亡率均为5/5;感染后试验兔出现典型兔瘟临床症状,濒死时四肢抽搐、角弓反张,部分死亡兔可见口鼻流出红色血液;剖检主要病变为肝脏肿大并伴有明显的小叶样改变,脾肿大,肺、肝、脾和肾出现充血和弥漫性瘀点出血,腹腔内有血样渗出物;血凝试验结果显示,病死仔兔和成年兔肝脏血凝效价没有明显差异;采用鉴别经典RHDV/RHDV2的RT-PCR方法检测攻毒死亡兔肝脏样品,结果显示为RHDV2阳性;病理学观察可见多脏器严重出血、肿胀,淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞大量浸润,病死仔兔十二指肠组织严重糜烂,成年兔十二指肠病变较轻。本研究对我国首个RHDV2毒株进行了致病性初探和病理学观察,研究结果可以为RHDV2疫苗研发和致病机理研究奠定基础。     

兔急性病毒性出血症临床及病理学观察

本文对兔急性病毒性出血症的临床症状及病理学变化作了详细的观察。结果表明：病兔表现出明显的临床症状，精神沉郁，食欲减少，体温升高，呼吸困难，死前尖叫、抽搐，死后呈角弓反张，鼻孔流出泡沫样血液。病理剖检变化主要表现为呼吸道出血及实质器官心、肝、脾、肾等淤血、出血及水肿。病理组织学变化以心、肝、脾、肺、肾等实质器官变性、坏死，间质淤血、出血及弥漫性血管内凝血为特征，在心、肝、肾、肺等器官内形成微血栓。     

兔病毒性出血症的诊断与防控

正兔病毒性出血症简称兔出血症,是由病毒引起的一种急性、热性、败血性和毁灭性传染病,以全身主要器官出血为特征,俗称"兔瘟",被称为兔场的"头号杀手"。本病全球各个国家均有流行,一年四季均可发生,各种家兔均易感,发病率和死亡率可95%。青年兔、成年兔和哺乳母兔病死率高,一旦感染此病,几乎是毁灭性的群体死亡。本病主要经呼吸道、消化道和皮肤粘膜感染,目前还未见在其他动物间传染发病的报道。1流行特点     

H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的鸭致病性研究

 【目的】为了验证H5N1亚型禽流感病毒对鸭是否具有致病作用。【方法】对2003年某地方养鹅场发病鹅群分离的一株H5N1亚型流感病毒A/Goose/HLJ/QFY/2003的生物学特性和致病性进行研究。【结果】动物实验表明该病毒对不仅对鸡具有高致病性（IVPI=3），而且对鸭也具有高致病性。雏鸭人工感染该病毒后临床表现典型的神经症状，剖检可见脑膜点状出血，肝脾肿大并见有坏死灶，肺脏严重充血、出血，消化道粘膜弥散性出血。病理组织学检查发现全身各脏器以出血、充血、细胞变性坏死和炎性细胞浸润为主要特征，并表现为不同程度的损伤。感染鸭死亡集中在感染后的4～6 d，致死率75%。雏鸭在病毒感染后2～4d的气管、泄殖腔及全身各主要器官均可分离到病毒。虽然攻毒后14 d耐过鸭血清中可检测到1∶16的HI抗体；但是此时胰腺中仍然可分离到低水平的病毒。【结论】本研究继从野鸟分离到对鸭具有高致病性禽流感病毒之后，首次证实家禽中也存在对鸭具有高致病性的禽流感病毒流行。     

兔病毒性出血症的研究

兔病毒性出血症是一种烈性传染病,主要发生于膘情较好的青、壮年兔,常在冬、春季节流行,临床症状和病理变化以急性败血症为特征。典型病变为肺有数量不等、大小不一的出血病灶,气管粘膜严重充血,呈紫红色,该病毒抗原能凝集人O型红细胞,这种血凝性可被病兔康复血清抑制。取病兔肝、脾,肾制成匀浆,用甲醛灭活制成的疫苗,安全性好,产生免疫力性,保护率达95％以上。     

番鸭呼肠孤病毒在番鸭体内的动态分布和排毒规律

应用RT-PCR技术检测番鸭呼肠孤病毒在人工感染番鸭体内的动态分布和排毒规律.结果显示在感染后ld可在肝、脾脏、法氏囊、胸腺和盲肠扁桃体中检出病毒RNA,表明病毒首先入侵免疫器官；随后其他器官中逐渐检测到病毒.高峰期为攻毒后7～14 d,所有器官中均能检测到病毒,此时也是病毒感染发病最严重的时间.感染后14 d,在肺和...     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。