Analysis on Breeding Potential of 17 Maize Inbred Lines from Land Races

[Objective] The primary objective of this study was to estimate combining ability and genetic parameters of 17 new inbred lines.[Method] By using 11 commonly used maize inbred lines from Southwest China as testers and incomplete diallel cross design,combining ability and heterosis of 17 new inbred lines bred from the land races in Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas were analyzed.In addition,the genetic parameters and heterotic groups were also investigated based on combining ability.[Result] P1-1,P1-16 and P1-14 with the better comprehensive characters can be directly used in maize breeding program.The SCA of P1-10×P2-4 was high in most traits.It is more possible to obtain high-yield hybrid combinations by the pattern Sipingtou × Lancaster.GCA variance was bigger than SCA variance in four traits such as rows per ear,grains per row,which were affected by the environments slightly and should be selected at early generations;while SCA variance was bigger than GCA variance in five traits such as 100-grain weight and plant weight,which were significantly influenced by environment and thus should be selected in later generations.[Conclusion] The paper will provide theoretical basis for further improvement of local maize varieties.     

Effect of Drought Stress During Flowering Stage on Starch Accumulation and Starch Synthesis Enzymes in Sorghum Grains

Starch content is a key factor affecting sorghum grain quality. The research of sorghum grain starch accumulation and the related synthesis enzyme activities has great signiifcance for understanding the mechanisms of starch metabolisms. The differences between a high and a low starch content sorghum hybrids （Tieza 17 and Liaoza 11, respectively） in grain starch accumulation and the related synthesis enzyme activities were assessed following imposition of water stress during lfowering stage. The total starch, amylase and amylopectin accumulation all decreased at the mid-late stage of grain iflling under drought stress during lfowering stage. The maximum and mean accumulation rates also decreased. During grain iflling, soluble starch synthase （SSS）, granule-bound starch synthase （GBSS）, starch branching enzyme （SBE）, and starch debranching enzymes （DBE） activities were all affected, though differently. Drought stress reduced starch accumulation in a larger extent for Tieza 17 than Liaoza 11. Drought stress during lfowing stage reduced starch synthesis enzyme activities, thus reducing starch accumulation in grains, and the differences between starch components were also demonstrated under drought stress.     

Identification of QTLs for Starch Content in Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.）

Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.） breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity. In the present study, interval mapping （IM） and multiple quantitative trait locus （QTL） model （MQM） analysis were used to identify QTLs for starch content with a mapping population consisting of 202 F1 individuals of a cross between Xushu 18, a cultivar susceptible to stem nematodes, with high yield and moderate starch, and Xu 781, which is resistant to stem nematodes, has low yield and high starch content. Six QTLs for starch content were mapped on six linkage groups of the Xu 781 map, explaining 9.1-38.8% of the variation. Especially, one of them, DMFN 4, accounted for 38.8% of starch content variation, which is the QTL that explains the highest phenotypic variation detected to date in sweetpotato. All of the six QTLs had a positive effect on the variation of the starch content, which indicated the inheritance derived from the parent Xu 781. Two QTLs for starch content were detected on two linkage groups of the Xushu 18 map, explaining 14.3 and 16.1% of the variation, respectively. They had a negative effect on the variation, indicating the inheritance derived from Xu 781. Seven of eight QTLs were co-localized with a single marker. This is the first report on the development of QTLs co-localized with a single marker in sweetpotato. These QTLs and their co-localized markers may be used in marker-assisted breeding for the starch content of sweetpotato.     

QTLs for Sugar Content of Stalk in Sweet Sorghum （Sorghum bicolor L.Moench）

High sugar content of sorghum stalk is an important factor in the sorghum silage production. To identify the genomic regions controlling sugar content and to develop molecular markers linked to sugar content in sweet sorghum, we used an F2：3 segregating population consisting of 207 individuals derived from a cross between a high sugar content inbred line, Early Folger, and a normal inbred line, N32B, for genetic linkage mapping and quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis. We constructed a genetic linkage map spanning 983.5 cM based on a total of 327 markers comprising 31 restriction fragment length polymorphism （RFLP） markers, 254 amplified fragment length polymorphism （AFLP） markers, and 42 simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers. In the 20 linkage groups detected, 98.2% of markers aligned to the 10 linkage groups of sorghum. Variations in sugar content at different growth stages and among internodes suggested that the sugar content of middle internodes is stable and suitable for measuring at early dough stage. The broad sense heritability （hB0 of sugar content was 0.64 and 0.62 estimated from the data of F3 families and each parent in 2003 and 2004. We identified one and two QTLs accounting for 22.2 to 25.0% of phenotypic variance using simple interval mapping method in 2003 and 2004, respectively. These two QTLs showed a negative additive effect, and over-dominance effect. A QTL on LG-D was detected in both two years. Above results will be help us to understand the genetic mechanism of sugar content in sorghum and the QTL detected in this study might be useful in the improvement of sugar content by marker-assisted selection.     

Sorghum as Dry Land Feedstock for Fuel Ethanol Production

Dry land crops such as sorghums (grain sorghum, sweet sorghum and forage sorghum) have been identified as promising feedstocks for fuel ethanol production. The major issue for using the sweet sorghum as feedstock is its stability at room temperature. At room temperature, the sweet sorghum juice could lose from 40% to 50% of its fermentable sugars from 7 to 14 days. No significant sugar content and profile changes were observed in juice stored at refrigerator temperature in two weeks. Ethanol fermentation efficiencies of fresh and frozen juice were high (～93%). Concentrated juice (≥25% sugar) had significantly lower efficiencies and large amounts of fructose left in finished beer; however, winery yeast strains and novel fermentation techniques may solve these problems. The ethanol yield from sorghum grain increased as starch content increased. No linear relationship between starch content and fermentation efficiency was found. Key factors affecting the ethanol fermentation efficiency of sorghum include starches and protein digestibility, amylose-lipid complexes, tannin content, and mash viscosity. Life cycle analysis showed a positive net energy value (NEV) = 25 500 Btu/gal ethanol. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine changes in the structure and chemical composition of sorghum biomasses. Dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment was effective in removing the hemicellulose from biomasses and exposing the cellulose for enzymatic hydrolysis. Forage sorghum lignin had a lower syringyl/guaiacyl ratio and its pretreated biomass was easier to hydrolyze. Up to 72% hexose yield and 94% pentose yield were obtained by using a modified steam explosion with 2% sulfuric acid at 140℃ for 30 min and enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase.     

Combining Ability and Breeding Potential of Rapeseed Elite Lines for Pod Shatter Resistance

Pod shatter resistance of rapeseed is of great importance for modern farming practice. In order to determine the combining ability of elite inbred lines and the breeding potential of rapeseed hybrids in terms of pod shatter resistance, analysis of a 6×6 incomplete diallel cross was conducted at two locations. Results showed that a significant variation existed among breeding lines and their F1 hybrids for pod shatter resistant index (SRI), pod length and width. Pod shatter resistance was significantly positively correlated with pod length. The general combining ability (GCA) effects (GCA=1.58) played a more important role than specific combining ability (SCA) effects (SCA=0.20) for pod shatter trait. The elite lines R1, 1019B and 1055B displayed significant positive GCA effects for pod shatter resistance. Four crosses (1019B×R1, 1015B×R1, 6098B×R1, and 8908B×R1) with high mean performance and positive SCA effects were recommended for developing new hybrids for mechanical harvest in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.     

Heterosis for Seed Yield,Oil Content and Other Characters in Rapeseed （Brassica napus L.）

Nine inbred lines of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) used as male were crossed to five recessive genetic male sterile (RGMS) lines used as female to produce 45 single crosses. The crosses, their parents and a check hybrid were tested at two locations during 2007 to 2008 for testing the performance and heterosis of hybrids for seed yield and other characters. Results showed that variations for seed yield, oil content, days to flowering and days to maturity were significant. Mean squares for hybrids were significant for all characters. High heterosis (–4.5%-88.3%), heterobeltiosis (–15.6%-81.1%) and standard heterosis (–34.8%-33.1%) were found for the seed yield. The highest heterosis and heterobeltiosis were found in the cross QH303-4A×1190. The highest standard heterosis was found in the cross Qianyou8A×Q034. Both positive and negative heterosis of single crosses were detected for the oil content. Small heterosis was found for days to flowering and days to maturity. Among parents, Ⅲ188, Ⅲ224, and Q034 were proved to be the superior for seed yield when used as parents in most of the hybrid combinations. 2365, Ⅲ224, and QH303-4AB were good for high oil content breeding. Ⅲ176, 2313 and Qianyou3AB were good for the early hybrid breeding. Total 11 hybrids yielded higher than 2 500 kg·hm -2 and also gave significantly positive heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis. Among them, 10 crosses gave higher oil content than that of check. These crosses can be used in the future breeding program for the seed yield and the oil content. Two crosses including Qianyou3A ×Ⅲ224 and Qianyou3A×2313 can be used for the early breeding program.     

Identification of QTLs for Starch Content in Sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.)

Sweetpotato（Ipomoea batatas（L.）Lam.）breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity.In the present study,interval mapping（IM）and multiple quantitative trait locus（QTL）model（MQM）analysis were used to identify QTLs for starch content with a mapping population consisting of 202 F1 individuals of a cross between Xushu 18,a cultivar susceptible to stem nematodes,with high yield and moderate starch,and Xu 781,which is resistant to stem nematodes,has low yield and high starch content.Six QTLs for starch content were mapped on six linkage groups of the Xu 781 map,explaining 9.1-38.8%of the variation.Especially,one of them,DMFN₄,accounted for 38.8%of starch content variation,which is the QTL that explains the highest phenotypic variation detected to date in sweetpotato.All of the six QTLs had a positive effect on the variation of the starch content,which indicated the inheritance derived from the parent Xu 781.Two QTLs for starch content were detected on two linkage groups of the Xushu 18 map,explaining 14.3 and 16.1%of the variation,respectively.They had a negative effect on the variation,indicating the inheritance derived from Xu 781.Seven of eight QTLs were co-localized with a single marker.This is the first report on the development of QTLs co-localized with a single marker in sweetpotato.These QTLs and their co-localized markers may be used in marker-assisted breeding for the starch content of sweetpotato.     

微胚乳玉米籽粒中淀粉积累规律的研究(英文)

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study laws of accumulation of starch in micro-endosperm maize kernel. [Method] The laws of accumulation of starch in maize embryo and OSK(the other section of a kernel except embryo) of MEM(micro-endosperm maize) were studied in this experiment by taking Gaoyou 115 maize as control. [Result] The starch accumulation speed of MEM embryo was slightly lower than that of Gaoyou115 and the starch accumulation speed of MEM OSK was far lower than that of Gaoyou 115, so the starch content of the whole kernel of Gaoyou 115 was 3.4 to 4.5 times as high as that of MEM during harvesting. The embryo starch weight ration of Gaoyou 115 maize during harvesting was only 3% to 4% while that of MEM was 16% to 22%. Moreover, starch accumulation speeds of different MEM materials were different and there were significant differences in starch content during harvesting among different MEM materials. [Conclusion] The starch accumulation in MEM was slow, and MEM has widely variation on starch accumulation.     

Analysis on Stability of AC, GT and PC in Rice Varieties （Orzya sativa L.）

The investigation of rice varieties stability for amylose content (AC), gelatinization temperature (GT) and protein content (PC) was carded out using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model in three locations and two years. Eighteen tested varieties were further clustered and evaluated based on the phenotypic values of three quality traits and their Di values from the AMMI analysis. The results showed that the genotype by environment interactions, the differences of phenotype and stability of AC, GT and PC among different genotypes and environments were all significant at 1% level. Also, only one variety, W002, had high stability for all the three quality traits. Additionally, in consideration with the phenotype of AC, GT and PC, and their stability in rice varieties, etc., four rice varieties, W002, Zaofeng 9,Guangling Xiangjing and Nanjingl6, could be also applied as breeding parents to improve eating quality and stability of rice.     

基于AMMI模型的杂交高粱籽粒淀粉含量的配合力分析

[目的]应用AMMI模型分析杂交高粱籽粒淀粉含量变化中配合力的影响。[方法]用4个不育系和3个恢复系,采用不完全双列杂交(NCII)设计,在分析其一般配合力的基础上,用AMMI模型对杂交高粱的特殊配合力进行分析。[结果]杂交高粱F1代籽粒淀粉含量的变化,亲本的一般配合力影响占81.06%,亲本特殊配合力的影响占17.97%;该研究供试品种中,不育系45A、29A与恢复系恢1、44R是配制高淀粉杂交种的优良亲本材料。[结论]选育高淀粉含量的杂交高粱品种应以提高亲本的淀粉含量为主。     

Study of combining ability of forage sorghum genotypes based on biochemical composition of biomass and grain

The article discusses the results of the evaluation of combining the ability of forage sorghum varieties in test-crosses with CMS-lines of grain sorghum A2 O-1237, A2 AGS, and A2 KVV114. The experiment included forage sorghum varieties (11), CMS-lines (3), and tester hybrids (33) of F₁ generation. The differentiation of varieties and hybrids based on sugar content in the stem juice and protein, fat, fiber, ash and NFE in biomass and grain was performed using statistical methods, and GCA and SCA parameters were calculated. The use of forage sorghum varieties in breeding programs for the improvement of the biochemical composition of grain and biomass hybrids of the F₁-generation and synthetic varieties-populations was considered. GCA and SCA variability of the content of sugars in juice of the stem detected in genotypes allows using them in breeding programs. Chayka, k-592, and k-2963 varieties are effective in breeding for the production of synthetic varieties and unsuitable for the production of hybrids with high-sugar content, since they are characterized by high GCA but relatively low variance of SCA. In breeding for heterosis by sugar content in the stem juice, most promising were L-2, L-10, and L-69 lines. Varieties k-6 and L-7 with high values of GCA effect and variances of SCA were suitable for the use in breeding of synthetics varieties and F₁ hybrids. It was demonstrated that, in breeding of sorghum varieties, the test cross method allows identifying GCA and SCA indexes of the best lines and providing a more rigorous analysis of experimental data.     

高粱籽粒淀粉含量配合力分析

选用高粱3个不育系、6个恢复系,按照不完全双列杂交法组配18个杂交组合,对籽粒淀粉含量进行了配合力分析。结果表明,不育系V4A籽粒淀粉含量的一般配合力最高;恢复系N91R和8643变的一般配合力最高。各组合的特殊配合力效应值以V4A×N91R最大,其次是V4A×LR287-2,其中V4A不仅有高的一般配合力,也同时与3个恢复系N91R、LR287-2和8643变产生了高的特殊配合力。对高粱千粒质量与籽粒淀粉含量进行了相关分析,结果表明,两者相关关系不显著,说明高粱籽粒大小与淀粉含量没有关系。     

Using A3, A4, and 9E CMS Types in Breeding Grain Sorghum Hybrids

The results of the evaluation of the combining ability (GCA and SCA effects; SCA dispersions) of the sorghum CMS lines in the test crosses have been reported. Inclusion of the Zheltozernyi 10 genome maternal lines differing in the type of the sterile cytoplasm (A3, A4, and 9E) into the crossing program can provide the opportunity to perform the pure genetic analysis of the cytoplasmic effects on the combining ability. Eighteen pollinators of the grain sorghum selected in the Rossorgo Russian Research and Project-Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn were used as the paternal parents. A significant influence of the 9E cytoplasm on the GCA effects of the maternal line inflorescence length was revealed. The dominance additive genetic effects in the genetically controlled traits of the CMS lines (plant height, inflorescence and labellum parameters, and grain crop yield) were recorded. The 9E Zheltozernoe 10/Magistr hybrid is recommended for the competitive variety trials, while the seven combinations are advised to be included into the three-line hybrid system.     

基于杂交种群体的玉米产量及其配合力的全基因组关联分析

【目的】通过分析陕A群和陕B群选育自交系组配的杂交种产量,评估自交系的配合力,并开展以产量和配合力为目标性状的全基因组关联分析,挖掘产量及其配合力的关联位点,为陕A群和陕B群选育玉米自交系的改良及育种中的应用提供依据。【方法】基于NCⅡ遗传设计,以陕A群和陕B群选育的85份优良玉米自交系为亲本,构建包含246份F₁的杂交种群体,在3个环境下进行产量测试,并评估产量的一般配合力和特殊配合力;利用6H90K芯片进行亲本基因型检测,获得63 879个高质量SNP标记,并进行群体遗传特征分析,在杂交种群体推测出高质量SNP标记55 951个,采用加性模型和非加性模型对杂交种产量、一般配合力和特殊配合力开展了全基因组关联分析,并基于B73参考基因组对显著关联SNPs内的基因进行挖掘和功能注释。【结果】3个环境下的产量表现符合正态分布且变异广泛,产量广义遗传力为59.04%,环境效应显著;杂交种产量、一般配合力和特殊配合力三者之间均达到极显著相关性,杂交种产量与特殊配合力的相关性（r=0.95）大于与一般配合力的相关性（r=0.62）;陕A群与陕B群遗传特征具有一定差异,陕A群具有较高的一般配合力。全基因组关联分析分别检测到7、5和9个SNP与杂交种产量、一般配合力和特殊配合力显著相关（-log₁₀(P)>3.86）,其中4个SNP为杂交种产量和特殊配合力共定位,最终锚定了17个关联SNP。对不同性状关联位点的优势等位基因型分析发现,4个GCA关联SNP受加性效应控制,F₁产量BLUE关联位点可分为4种表现形式,以显性效应为主,其杂合基因型为最优等位基因型或次优等位基因型。通过功能注释发现,候选基因在玉米生长发育和籽粒建成中特异表达,例如GRMZM2G165828、GRMZM2G057557均与玉米籽粒发育相关。【结论】一般配合力和特殊配合力共同影响杂交种的产量,特殊配合力效应影响更大;一般配合力和特殊配合力具有不同的遗传基础,可通过有利等位基因聚集提高一般配合力。在F₁杂交种群体采用全基因组关联分析策略可开展配合力相关遗传解析,挖掘产量及其配合力相关遗传位点,可加速关联位点在分子育种中的应用。     

胡麻两系杂交亲本的配合力及杂种优势分析

【目的】研究胡麻两系杂种优势的亲本配合力遗传基础,为胡麻两系杂交种亲本选配提供理论依据。【方法】选用7份温敏型雄性不育系和11份国内外主栽油用及纤用亚麻优良品种为亲本材料,按照遗传交配设计NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计配置77（7×11）份杂交组合,利用DPS软件分析两系胡麻杂交亲本14个主要农艺性状和品质性状的遗传效应、亲本一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）效应及与杂种优势的关系。【结果】胡麻两系杂交组合主要农艺性状和品质性状存在显著的遗传差异,其主要表现为加性基因效应遗传的性状有：株高、工艺长度、分茎数、分枝数、每果粒数、千粒重和含油率、油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸;同时受加性和非加性基因效应共同影响的性状有：单株果数、单株产量和亚麻酸组分。主要农艺性状与品质性状的狭义遗传力大小顺序分别为：工艺长度>千粒重>株高>每果粒数>分枝数>单株产量>分茎数>单株果数;含油率>亚麻酸>硬脂酸>棕榈酸>亚油酸>油酸。亲本一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）在同一亲本（组合）的不同性状间和同一性状的不同亲本（组合）间存在较大差异,且亲本的GCA效应与SCA效应没有直接的关系。在供试的18份亲本材料中,不育系113S、16-1-1-2、24-1-1-1、T-11和1S,恢复系陇亚10号、天亚9号、轮选3号、Macbeth和AC Watson在某些农艺和品质性状上具有较突出的一般配合力（GCA）效应,是较优的亲本材料。所组配的77份杂交组合14个主要农艺性状和品质性状存在广泛的超亲优势和竞争优势,优势大小因性状而异,其竞争优势与亲本一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）呈极显著正相关,且与亲本GCA的相关性多高于SCA,与恢复系的GCA相关性多高于不育系,强优势组合的特点是双亲或亲本之一具有较高的GCA效应,或具有较高的SCA效应。此外,亲本GCA效应,特别是恢复系的GCA效应对杂种优势的贡献要明显高于不育系。【结论】胡麻两系杂种优势表现与亲本一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）紧密相关,其亲本一般配合力（GCA）,特别是亲本一般配合力（GCA）高的恢复系的选配,是组配强优势胡麻两系杂交育种的关键。     

新疆棉花胞质不育系主要农艺性状的配合力分析

为进一步利用棉花杂种优势,促进三系杂交棉的选育,以哈克尼西棉、三裂棉（D8）和海岛棉（05 53A）3种不同来源细胞质雄性不育系为母本,以新疆早熟陆地棉新陆早33号、新陆早36号、系9为回交亲本,连续回交4代,获得9个新不育系（A1~A9）;用3个恢复系（R1~R3）与之进行杂交,获得27个杂交组合,并对8个主要性状的一般配合力（GCA）和特殊配合力（SCA）进行分析。结果表明,不育系衣分、籽棉产量、纤维长、整齐度、马克隆值、伸长率和比强GCA的差异均达到显著水平;恢复系纤维长、伸长率、比强和籽棉产量GCA差异均达到极显著水平;杂交组合铃质量、衣分、马克隆值、伸长率、比强和籽棉产量SCA的差异均达到显著水平;纤维长和整齐度主要受加性效应的影响,铃质量主要受非加性效应的影响,马克隆值、伸长率、比强和籽棉产量同时受加性和非加性效应的影响。从GCA来看,产量性状中铃质量和籽棉产量的GCA效应值是正值的比例较高（均为58.33%）; 3个恢复系中,R3的7个性状的GCA效应值均为正值;9个不育系中,A1、A4的GCA效应值综合较高,A6籽棉产量的GCA效应值最高,A9纤维长的GCA效应值最高。从SCA来看,产量性状中铃质量和衣分的SCA效应值是正值的比例较高（均为55.56%）;杂交组合A2×R1、A6×R2、A5×R3、A7×R3、A8×R3产量性状的SCA效应值综合较高;A5×R1、A3×R2品质性状的SCA效应值综合较高;A9×R1、A7×R2、A4×R3产量和品质性状的SCA效应值综合较高。     

玉米籽粒淀粉含量的遗传效应分析

以9个淀粉含量不同的玉米自交系为亲本,按照GriffingⅠ双列杂交模式组配72个杂交组合,研究玉米籽粒淀粉含量的遗传效应.结果表明,淀粉含量遗传方式以加性效应为主,杂交组合的淀粉含量主要表现为正向杂种优势,并与母本和中亲值呈极显著相关.杂交组合淀粉含量的特殊配合力(SCA)与双亲的一般配合力(GCA)效应之间无相关性,不能简单地依据组合双亲的GCA效应来推断其后代的SCA效应,自交系陕814和Lx00-6的淀粉含量和GCA都较高,可以作为今后高淀粉育种的重要资源.     

基于配合力和遗传距离的甜高粱杂种优势预测

【目的】对甜高粱主要农艺性状进行杂种优势、一般配合力及特殊配合力分析,同时,分析配合力、表型遗传距离以及分子遗传距离用于杂种优势预测的可行性,为甜高粱的种质创新和杂交种选育提供理论参考。【方法】采用不完全双列杂交设计,以8个甜高粱不育系为母本及8个甜高粱恢复系为父本配制64个杂交组合。对亲本及杂交后代进行2年的性状调查,包括：出苗至开花日数、生育期、株高、穗长、茎粗、分蘖、单穗粒重、千粒重、籽粒产量、单株重、生物产量和含糖量。分析不同性状的杂种优势、一般配合力、特殊配合力、表型遗传距离、分子遗传距离以及配合力、遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性。【结果】各性状的中亲优势由强到弱分别为单株重、籽粒产量、单穗粒重、生物产量、株高、穗长、千粒重、茎粗、生育期、至开花日数、分蘖和含糖量,其中,生育期、至开花日数、分蘖和含糖量等性状为负优势。不同性状的中亲优势和超亲优势由强到弱的顺序基本相同。配合力分析表明,每个性状中,不同亲本的一般配合力相差较大,且不同组合的特殊配合力也有很大差异。大多数特殊配合力高的组合,其亲本的一般配合力也较高。杂种优势与配合力和遗传距离的相关性为单株重、籽粒产量、单穗粒重、生物产量、穗长、千粒重、分蘖以及含糖量等性状的杂种优势与其亲本的一般配合力和特殊配合力均为极显著正相关。生育期的杂种优势与特殊配合力为极显著正相关,至开花日数与特殊配合力为显著正相关。亲本间的表型遗传距离为2.86—6.82,分子遗传距离为0.50—0.96。单株重、籽粒产量、单穗粒重、生物产量、株高、穗长、茎粗及含糖量等性状的杂种优势与分子遗传距离的相关性大于表型遗传距离,其中,生物产量、单株重、穗长和茎粗的杂种优势与分子遗传距离为极显著正相关。【结论】所有性状中,与产量相关性状的杂种优势较高,而含糖量和分蘖的杂种优势较低。在杂种优势预测上,利用亲本的配合力可有效预测杂种优势,预测效果优于遗传距离。与表型遗传距离相比,分子遗传距离对杂种优势的预测更有效。