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1.
用体外转录方法合成了瘦素(leptin)长形受体(Ob-Rb)反应和正义RNA探针,用原位杂交法研究了5冰头2-3月龄母猪下丘脑内瘦素长形受体mRNA的分布定位,结果表明,猪瘦素长形受体mRNA分布于下丘脑的的弓状核、腹内侧核,背内侧核,室旁核,室周核和下丘脑外侧区。  相似文献   

2.
兔脑和脊髓内开胃素A免疫阳性神经元和神经纤维的分布   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
采用免疫组织化学法研究了10只青紫蓝兔脑内开胃素(Orexin) A免疫阳性神经元和神经纤维的分布。结果显示,Orexin A免疫阳性神经元分布于下丘脑的视上核、室旁核、背内侧核、穹隆周核、外侧区、前区和后区以及底丘脑的未定带。Orexin A免疫阳性神经纤维广泛分布于中枢神经系统内,在端脑分布于大脑皮质、尾状核、隔核和杏仁核;在间脑分布于丘脑、下丘脑、上丘脑和垂体;在中脑分布于中央灰质、前丘、后丘、黑质、网状结构和中缝核;在脑桥分布于蓝斑、网状结构和中缝核;在延髓分布于极后区、孤束核和迷走神经背侧运动核;在小脑和脊髓也有分布。  相似文献   

3.
采用免疫组织化学SP法,对leptin长型受体(LR-b)在大鼠听觉核团中分布进行了定位研究.结果表明,在大鼠的耳蜗神经核、上橄榄核、外侧丘系核、下丘、内侧膝状体和听皮质中均有LR阳性神经元的分布.推测,leptin作用于听觉传导通路相关核团中的神经元,可能与维持大鼠正常的听觉功能有关.  相似文献   

4.
采用免疫组织化学SP法,对leptin长型受体(LR-b)在大鼠听觉核团中分布进行了定位研究.结果表明,在大鼠的耳蜗神经核、上橄榄核、外侧丘系核、下丘、内侧膝状体和听皮质中均有LR阳性神经元的分布.推测,leptin作用于听觉传导通路相关核团中的神经元,可能与维持大鼠正常的听觉功能有关.  相似文献   

5.
为探讨瘦素(leptin)及其受体在禽类性成熟启动过程中的作用,试验采用120羽60日龄伊莎蛋母鸡,随机均分为2组,分别饲养于光照逐渐延长(以光/暗为8h/16h为起点每周增加0.5h光照,简称长光照组)和恒定的短光照(光/暗为8h/16h,简称短光照组)条件下,记录体重变化与性成熟时间。长光照组和短光照组母鸡分别于136和151日龄时开产。在136日龄时,每组取10只鸡宰杀后取血液、脂肪和下丘脑组织,分别检测血清leptin水平、脂肪leptin mRNA与下丘脑leptin受体mRNA的表达。结果表明:136日龄时,长光照组和短光照组母鸡血清雌二醇(E2)和leptin水平均无显著差异(P〉0.05,n=10)。相对定量RT-PCR结果显示:136日龄时,长光照组母鸡脂肪leptin mRNA表达丰度极显著高于短光照组(P〈0.01,n=10),但下丘脑leptin受体mRNA的表达水平无显著差异(P〉0.05,n=10)。以上结果提示:15d的性成熟时间差异并不伴随产蛋母鸡血清leptin及下丘脑leptin受体mRNA表达水平的显著变化,而脂肪leptin mRNA表达水平与血清leptin蛋白水平的不一致性则提示循环leptin的其他组织来源。  相似文献   

6.
探讨G蛋白偶联受体30(GPR30)在发情周期小鼠下丘脑中的分布和表达规律。分别运用免疫组织化学SP法和RT-PCR法对发情前期、发情期、发情后期和间情期小鼠下丘脑中GPR30的分布和GPR30mR-NA表达进行研究。结果表明,GPR30免疫反应阳性物质分布于发情周期小鼠下丘脑中的大部分核团以及部分胶质细胞的胞膜,其中视上核、视交叉上核、室旁核、室周核、弓状核、乳头体外侧核分布较多;视上核和视交叉上核的GPR30相对表达量分别在间情期与发情前期以及发情前期与发情期间呈极显著差异(P<0.01),均呈上升趋势,而其他核团中GPR30相对表达量在发情各期相对稳定且无显著差异(P>0.05);下丘脑中GPR30的相对表达量以发情前期和发情期较高,整个发情周期呈先升后降趋势。发情前期和发情期下丘脑中GPR30mRNA相对表达量较高,但与其他各期间无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明下丘脑中GPR30在一定程度上参与对动物发情周期的调节。  相似文献   

7.
用免疫组织化学方法研究了5头苏钟猪下丘脑内开胃素(orexin) A的分布.结果表明,在猪下丘脑内,开胃素 A免疫阳性神经元分布于下丘脑的视前内侧区、室周核、室旁核、视上核、背内侧核、穹隆周核、乳头体核、前区、外侧区和后区等部位,以下丘脑外侧区、乳头体核和视上核出现的免疫阳性神经元最多,以室周核的最少.这一结果与在其他动物上获得的基本相似.  相似文献   

8.
猪下丘脑开胃素 A的分布定位   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
用免疫组织化学方法研究了5头苏钟猪下丘脑内开胃素(orexin)A的分布。结果表明,在猪下丘脑内,开胃素A免疫阳性神经元分布于下丘脑的视前内侧区、室周核、室旁核、视上核、背内侧核、穹隆周核、乳头体核、前区、外侧区和后区等部位,以下丘脑外侧区、乳头体核和视上核出现的免疫阳性神经元最多,以室周核的最少。这一结果与在其他动物上获得的基本相似。  相似文献   

9.
本实验通过免疫组织化学单标及双标技术研究了大鼠下丘脑室旁核中精氨酸加压素与雌激素受体α的分布和共存。结果显示大鼠下丘脑室旁核中几乎所有的精氨酸加压素阳性细胞均呈现雌激素受体α阳性,提示ERα可能参与雌激素对下丘脑AVP神经元的神经内分泌和生理功能调节,共同参与调控动物的社会认知的巩固过程。  相似文献   

10.
通过光遗传学手段激活不操作行为任务大鼠前额叶皮层锥体神经元,用免疫组织化学方法观察皮层和皮层下脑区c-Fos表达情况。结果表明:用光照射带有光敏感离子通道的锥体神经元后,前额叶皮层锥体神经元的动作电位发放增多,表达c-Fos的神经元个数显著增多;眶额叶皮层、前扣带皮层、运动皮层和感觉皮层c-Fos表达显著增多;下丘脑背内侧核和丘脑室旁核c-Fos表达明显增多;纹状体、海马、杏仁核和小脑这些脑区均未见c-Fos阳性信号。这一研究表明激活前额叶皮层锥体神经元可以增强前额叶神经元的活动,激活相关皮层和皮层下结构,为研究前额叶皮层调控认知功能的回路机制奠定基础。  相似文献   

11.
目的:观察运动对高脂饮食大鼠血清和下丘脑瘦素(Leptin)以及下丘脑 瘦素长型受体(OB-Rb) 、促黑皮素受体4(MC4R)、细胞因子信号转导抑制因子-3(SOCS-3) mRNA表达和脑源性神经营养因子( BDNF)的影响,探讨适宜运动对高脂饮食大鼠预防肥胖的部分中枢机制。方法:雄性SD鼠24只,随机分为 正常对照组(C组),高脂模型组(H组)和高脂 60min 运动组(HE组),每组8只。高脂模型组和高脂 60min 运动组大鼠喂饲高脂饲料,高脂饮食运动组大鼠进行60min的无负重游泳运动。持续10周。结果: 10周运动后,高脂模型组大鼠较正常对照组大鼠体重、Lee''S指数、体脂、脂体比均显著增高(p<0.05), 血清瘦素水平显著升高(p<0.05),下丘脑内OB-Rb、MC4R mRNA表达量显著降低(p<0.05),SOCS-3 mRNA表 达量显著升高(p<0.05),下丘脑BDNF含量显著降低(p<0.05);高脂60min运动组较高脂模型组大鼠体重显 著降低(p<0.01),Lee''S指数、体脂、脂体比均显著降低(p<0.05),血清瘦素水平显著升高(p<0.05),下 丘脑OB-Rb、MC4R、leptin mRNA表达量显著升高(p<0.05),下丘脑SOCS-3 mRNA表达量显著降低(p<0.05) ,下丘脑BDNF含量显著升高(p<0.05)。结论:长期适宜的运动可通过降低下丘脑SOCS-3的表达,增加下丘 脑Leptin 与受体OB-Rb的结合,降低了瘦素抵抗,激活下丘脑含 MC4R 受体的神经元,从而刺激 BDNF 的 释放,从而起到预防高脂饮食引起肥胖的作用。  相似文献   

12.
The fat-derived hormone leptin regulates energy balance in part by modulating the activity of neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. To study the intrinsic activity of these neurons and their responses to leptin, we generated mice that express distinct green fluorescent proteins in these two neuronal types. Leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice differed from wild-type mice in the numbers of excitatory and inhibitory synapses and postsynaptic currents onto neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin neurons. When leptin was delivered systemically to ob/ob mice, the synaptic density rapidly normalized, an effect detectable within 6 hours, several hours before leptin's effect on food intake. These data suggest that leptin-mediated plasticity in the ob/ob hypothalamus may underlie some of the hormone's behavioral effects.  相似文献   

13.
蓝塘猪和长白猪leptin和leptin受体基因表达的变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
用实时荧光定量PCR方法研究了蓝塘猪和长白猪1、27、90、150和180日龄阶段脂肪组织中leptin基因mRNA和下丘脑中leptin受体基因mRNA的变化,并对2个品种不同生长阶段血液中leptin含量的变化规律进行了探讨。结果表明:(1)蓝塘猪180日龄时皮下脂肪中leptin基因表达量显著高于其它各阶段,而与长白猪相比,蓝塘猪除1日龄低于长白猪外,其它各个阶段均高于长白猪,180日龄两者差异极显著;长白猪各阶段间差异不显著;(2)蓝塘猪180日龄时下丘脑中leptin受体基因的表达量显著高于其它各阶段,长白猪180日龄时最高,且显著高于1日龄和27日龄,蓝塘猪与长白猪1日龄时差异显著;(3)蓝塘猪血清中leptin浓度各阶段均高于长白猪,两品种均是150日龄时最高,蓝塘猪150日龄显著高于27日龄和180日龄,长白猪各阶段差异不显著。  相似文献   

14.
We report the development of a pseudorabies virus that can be used for retrograde tracing from selected neurons. This virus encodes a green fluorescent protein marker and replicates only in neurons that express the Cre recombinase and in neurons in synaptic contact with the originally infected cells. The virus was injected into the arcuate nucleus of mice that express Cre only in those neurons that express neuropeptide Y or the leptin receptor. Sectioning of the brains revealed that these neurons receive inputs from neurons in other regions of the hypothalamus, as well as the amygdala, cortex, and other brain regions. These data suggest that higher cortical centers modulate leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. This method of neural tracing may prove useful in studies of other complex neural circuits.  相似文献   

15.
Hypothalamic mTOR signaling regulates food intake   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) protein is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates cell-cycle progression and growth by sensing changes in energy status. We demonstrated that mTOR signaling plays a role in the brain mechanisms that respond to nutrient availability, regulating energy balance. In the rat, mTOR signaling is controlled by energy status in specific regions of the hypothalamus and colocalizes with neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus. Central administration of leucine increases hypothalamic mTOR signaling and decreases food intake and body weight. The hormone leptin increases hypothalamic mTOR activity, and the inhibition of mTOR signaling blunts leptin's anorectic effect. Thus, mTOR is a cellular fuel sensor whose hypothalamic activity is directly tied to the regulation of energy intake.  相似文献   

16.
Trophic action of leptin on hypothalamic neurons that regulate feeding   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In adult mammals, the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin acts on the brain to reduce food intake by regulating the activity of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). Here, we report that neural projection pathways from the ARH are permanently disrupted in leptin-deficient (Lepob/Lepob) mice and leptin treatment in adulthood does not reverse these neuroanatomical defects. However, treatment of Lepob/Lepob neonates with exogenous leptin rescues the development of ARH projections, and leptin promotes neurite outgrowth from ARH neurons in vitro. These results suggest that leptin plays a neurotrophic role during the development of the hypothalamus and that this activity is restricted to a neonatal critical period that precedes leptin's acute regulation of food intake in adults.  相似文献   

17.
Nerve growth factor gene expression in the developing rat brain   总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31  
The regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) protein and NGF messenger RNA (mRNA) in the developing rat brain has been studied to assess the hypothesis that NGF supports the differentiation of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. In the adult, the major targets of these neurons, the hippocampus and neocortex, contain the highest concentrations of NGF mRNA, but comparatively low ratios of NGF protein to its mRNA. In contrast, a high concentration of NGF protein and a low concentration of NGF mRNA were seen in the basal forebrain, consistent with retrograde transport of NGF protein into this region from the neocortex and hippocampus. In these two target regions NGF and NGF mRNA were barely detectable at birth, their concentrations increased to a peak at day 21, and then NGF mRNA, but not NGF protein, declined threefold by day 35. NGF accumulation in the basal forebrain paralleled that in the target regions and preceded an increase in choline acetyltransferase, suggesting that the differentiation of cholinergic projection neurons is indeed regulated by retrogradely transported NGF. In addition, high ratios of NGF protein to NGF mRNA, comparable to that in the basal forebrain, were seen in the olfactory bulb and cerebellum, suggesting that NGF may be transported into these regions by unidentified neurons.  相似文献   

18.
In situ hybridization was used to assess total amyloid protein precursor (APP) messenger RNA and the subset of APP mRNA containing the Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI) insert in 11 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 7 control brains. In AD, a significant twofold increase was observed in total APP mRNA in nucleus basalis and locus ceruleus neurons but not in hippocampal subicular neurons, neurons of the basis pontis, or occipital cortical neurons. The increase in total APP mRNA in locus ceruleus and nucleus basalis neurons was due exclusively to an increase in APP mRNA lacking the KPI domain. These findings suggest that increased production of APP lacking the KPI domain in nucleus basalis and locus ceruleus neurons may play an important role in the deposition of cerebral amyloid that occurs in AD.  相似文献   

19.
Neurons of the hypothalamus concentrate (3H)progesterone or its metabolites   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
M Sar  W E Stumpf 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,182(118):1266-1268
Selective concentration of [(1)H]progesterone or its metabolites is observed in nuclei of neurons in certain hypothalamic regions of the guinea pig 15 minutes after injection of [1,2,6,7-(3)H]progesterone, by use of dry-mount autoradiography. Highest concentrations of progestin target neurons exist in the nucleus arcuatus, the nucleus preopticus periventricularis, and the nucleus preopticus suprachiasmaticus. Previous administration of unlabeled progesterone inhibits the nuclear concentration of radioactivity, but cortisol has no effect. Estradiol priming enhances the nuclear uptake of radioactivity. The results demonstrate the existence of progestin target sites in the hypothalamus and suggest a direct action of progestin on certain hypothalamic structures.  相似文献   

20.
The nucleus accumbens is a key mediator of cocaine reward, but the distinct roles of the two subpopulations of nucleus accumbens projection neurons, those expressing dopamine D1 versus D2 receptors, are poorly understood. We show that deletion of TrkB, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor, selectively from D1+ or D2+ neurons oppositely affects cocaine reward. Because loss of TrkB in D2+ neurons increases their neuronal excitability, we next used optogenetic tools to control selectively the firing rate of D1+ and D2+ nucleus accumbens neurons and studied consequent effects on cocaine reward. Activation of D2+ neurons, mimicking the loss of TrkB, suppresses cocaine reward, with opposite effects induced by activation of D1+ neurons. These results provide insight into the molecular control of D1+ and D2+ neuronal activity as well as the circuit-level contribution of these cell types to cocaine reward.  相似文献   

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