多重PCR检测猪链球菌种及主要致病血清型

根据猪链球菌种特异性基因gdh及血清2、7、9型的特异性基因cps2J、cps7H、cps9H序列,分别设计4对引物,通过对单项PCR、多重PCR扩增条件和反应体系的优化,建立了快速检测猪链球菌种及主要致病血清型2、7、9型的四重PCR方法;并利用建立的多重PCR方法对鲁西区域致病性猪链球菌的流行情况进行了调查研究。     

猪链球菌种及其1、2、7型多重PCR检测方法的建立与应用

【目的】建立致病性猪链球菌种及其1、2、7型的快速多重PCR检测方法,并进行初步的临床应用。【方法】根据猪链球菌种特异的gdh基因序列及其1(14)、2(1/2)、7型特异的cps1I、cps2H、cps7H基因序列,分别设计4对引物,通过对单个基因PCR和多重PCR扩增条件、反应体系的优化,建立了快速检测猪链球菌种及其1(14)、2(1/2)、7型的4重PCR方法。利用保存的猪链球菌不同血清型菌株和其他相关标准菌株作为参考菌株,对建立的多重PCR方法进行特异性和敏感性试验。用所建立的4重PCR方法对河南省不同地市的39份猪扁桃体样品进行检测,并选取部分样品的PCR产物进行测序验证。【结果】所建立的4重PCR方法特异、敏感,对猪链球菌2型的最低检出水平为2.52×103CFU/mL。临床检测及测序结果显示,该多重PCR准确性较高。【结论】建立的4重PCR方法可用于猪链球菌主要致病血清型的快速检测。     

1株猪链球菌的分离·鉴定及其毒力因子研究

[目的]对1株疑似猪链球菌菌株进行鉴定,为进一步研究猪链球菌的毒力提供理论基础。[方法]采用革兰氏染色镜检、形态观察和16S rDNA测序后NCBI数据库Blast比对鉴定菌株;另外选取猪链球菌7种主要毒力因子设计引物,利用PCR方法检测其毒力基因分布情况。[结果]显微镜下该疑似菌株为革兰氏阳性菌,多数呈链状,少见单个排列。16S rDNA测序结果与猪链球菌2型同源性达到99%。毒力因子检测均含有7种毒力因子。[结论]该疑似菌株为猪链球菌2型,其毒力基因型为：gdh＋/ef＋/mrp＋/sly＋/fbps＋/orf2＋/cps2J＋/。     

湖北省高热病猪链球菌的分离鉴定和对小鼠的致病性研究

 【目的】从湖北省不同地区的高热症病例猪的心血、肝、淋巴结、肾和肺等分离出11株链球菌,进行血清型、毒力基因分布和病理学的初步研究。【方法】通过ATB自动生化鉴定系统Rapid ID 32 STREP链球菌鉴定、PCR分型、毒力基因的PCR检测及动物试验对分离菌株进行试验。【结果】11株均为猪链球菌,其中1株为7型,2株为9型,另8株为其它型,没有1型和2型。对11株猪链球菌的mrp、epf、sly、orf2、fbps、gdh6种毒力基因的分布情况进行PCR检测及动物试验表明：致病性和致死性较强的菌株毒力基因表型多为epf+orf2+fpbs+gdh+,显示除mrp、sly外,其它毒力因子也与菌株毒力相关。病理学变化表明急性死亡多表现为急性败血症症状,全身各组织器官广泛出血,以及肺炎、肾炎,脾脏淤血水肿和淋巴结脓肿。【结论】湖北省存在7型和9型的猪链球菌感染,猪链球菌在高热症中具有一定致病作用。     

猪链球菌国内分离株毒力因子的分布特征

为了研究国内致病性猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis,SS)的毒力因子分布特征,本试验选取猪链球菌7种主要毒力因子—谷氨酸脱氢酶(gdh)、荚膜多糖(cps2J)、溶菌酶释放蛋白(mrp)、胞外因子(epf)、溶血素(sly)、纤连蛋白/血纤蛋白原结合蛋白(fpbs)和毒力相关序列orf2,设计并合成7对引物,用PCR方法进行检测。结果显示:25株猪链球菌2型(SS2)国内分离株,96%(24/25)表现为cps /gdh /epf /mrp /sly /fbps /orf2 ,仅1株表现为cps /gdh /epf-/mrp /sly /fbps /orf2 ;1株猪链球菌1型(SS1),表现为cps-/gdh /epf-/mrp-/sly /fbps-/orf2 ;1株猪链球菌7型(SS7)国内分离株,表现为cps-/gdh /epf-/mrp-/sly /fbps-/orf2 ;2株猪链球菌9型(SS9)国内分离株,均表现为cps-/gdh /epf-/mrp-/sly-/fbps-/orf2 ,可见国内SS2的毒力基因分布特征与欧美等国家明显不同,提示我国目前SS2的主要流行菌株是同时具有7种毒力因子的高致病菌株。     

荧光定量PCR检测猪链球菌2型主要毒力因子方法的建立

[目的]建立荧光定量PCR检测猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis serotype 2,SS2)、溶菌酶释放蛋白(Muramidase-released protein,MRP)和胞外因子(Extracellular protein factor,EF)3种主要毒力因子的方法。[方法]根据cps2j、mrp和ef基因的基因序列,分别设计并合成3对引物及相应的Taqman探针,其中cps2j和mrp的5'端标记FAM荧光发射基团,ef的5'端标记HEX荧光发射基团,3种基因的3'端都标记BHQ1淬灭荧光基团。通过优化反应体系和程序,建立了一种基于Taqman探针法的荧光定量PCR方法检测上述3种主要毒力因子,其中cps2j单独检测,mrp与ef的实行双重荧光PCR方法检测。[结果]cps2j、mrp和ef的最低检测限分别为12、51和51 CFU,灵敏度很高;与其他病原菌无交叉反应,重复性及特异性均较好;此外,整个检测过程在60 min内即可完成。[结论]该试验所建立的双重荧光定量PCR方法的敏感性、重复性及特异性均较好,可用于同时快速检测猪链球菌2型3种主要毒力因子。     

多重PCR鉴定猪链球菌2型毒力菌株

为了鉴定猪链球菌2型毒力菌株,根据猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis serotype 2,SS2)的荚膜多糖基因(capsular polysaccharide 2J,cps2J)、溶菌酶释放蛋白基因(muramidase-released protein,mrp)、毒力相关序列orf2基因(virulent-associate sequence orf2)设计合成3对引物,建立三重PCR检测方法,并对PCR扩增产物进行测序、酶切、特异性及敏感性实验。结果显示:26株SS2致病菌株均同时扩增出这3个目的片段,5株其他血清型猪链球菌(SS1,SS7,SS9)及13株非猪链球菌的其他猪源链球菌(兰氏B群、C群和D群)均未扩增出cps2J和mrp片段,检测结果与菌株的已知毒力因子背景完全相符。26株SS2的扩增片段经HincⅡ酶切鉴定,与预期结果一致。以SS2四川株ZY05719为模板的三重PCR产物(cps2J,mrp,orf2)测序结果与GenBank上相关序列比较,同源性分别为99%、100%、94%。该PCR敏感极限是600个细菌/每个反应。本试验所建立的三重PCR,特异性强,敏感性好,可用于实验室的快速诊断。     

贵州省铜仁地区猪链球菌2型的分子流行病学分析

目的:调查分析贵州省铜仁地区的猪群中猪链球菌2型的带菌情况和毒力因子的分布情况。方法:研究采用从贵州省铜仁地区各屠宰场收集的150份猪扁桃体样本,对分离菌株进行培养,通过生化鉴定确定当地的猪群带菌情况,并使用PCR方法对猪链球菌2型的主要致病毒力因子进行检测。结果:检测显示,150例样本中2型猪链球菌带菌率达到41.3%,其中屠宰场3的检出率较高,mrp、epf片段与阳性对照相关基因的同源性达到100%,屠宰场3的所有样本mrp、epf毒力因子均表现为阳性。结论:该地区猪群猪链球菌2型携带率较高,mrp、epf毒性因子阳性表现型与疫病的流行可能存在一定的关联性。     

猪链球菌亚种及1、2、9型四重PCR检测方法的建立

根据序列分析设计了4对引物,分别扩增猪链球菌gdh、cps1、cps2J和cps9G基因的725、212、387bp和556bp大小的片段,利用合成的4对引物并通过对反应条件与反应体系的优化建立了四重PCR,结果显示,猪链球菌阳性出现1条725bp目的带,猪链球菌1型阳性出现725bp和212bp两条目的带,猪链球菌2型阳性出现725bp和387bp两条目的带,猪链球菌9型阳性出现725bp和556bp两条目的带。应用该多重PCR检测了分离到的链球菌1095株,检出猪链球菌阳性667株、猪链球菌1型8株、2型33株、9型16株。研究结果表明,该方法特异性高、敏感性强,可广泛应用于猪链球菌病的快速诊断及流行病学研究。     

猪链球菌2型病的研究现状及防治措施

猪链球菌2型是一种重要的人畜共患病病原，对猪链球菌2型的流行病学、毒力因子、检测方法和疾病防治等方面进行了综述。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。