Erratum

Table 1 of the report "Reversible cleavage and ligation of hepatitis delta virus RNA" by H.-N. Wu and M. M. C. Lai (3 Feb., p. 652) contained an error. The religation percentage when the concentration of Mg(2+) in the cleavage reaction was 2.4 mM and the concentration of EDTA was 3.0 mM should have been 10. The correct table is printed below.     

Group I intron self-splicing with adenosine: evidence for a single nucleoside-binding site

For self-splicing of Tetrahymena ribosomal RNA precursor, guanosine binding is required for 5' splice-site cleavage and exon ligation. Whether these two reactions use the same or different guanosine-binding sites has been debated. A double mutation in a previously identified guanosine-binding site within the intron resulted in preference for adenosine (or adenosine triphosphate) as the substrate for cleavage at the 5' splice site. However, splicing was blocked in the exon ligation step. Blockage was reversed by a change from guanine to adenine at the 3' splice site. These results indicate that a single determinant specifies nucleoside binding for both steps of splicing. Furthermore, it suggests that RNA could form an active site specific for adenosine triphosphate.     

沙棘木蠹蛾AFLP引物筛选及反应体系的建立

该文以沙棘木蠹蛾幼虫为材料,用改进的SDS-蛋白酶K法获得了高质量的符合AFLP分析要求的基因组DNA。通过对AFLP试验过程中的酶切 连接、预扩增、选择性扩增等各关键因素的比较研究,建立了一套优化的沙棘木蠹蛾AFLP分子标记体系,获得了清晰的指纹图谱。研究结果表明:利用EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ双酶切系统以酶切 连接2～4 h, 预扩增产物稀释20倍、Mg 2+浓度为1.5 mol/mL的选择性扩增效果最好。进一步利用该反应体系从80对E+3 /M+3选择性引物中筛选出10对多态性丰富、分辨率高、谱带清晰的引物组合。该研究结果为利用AFLP标记技术开展沙棘木蠹蛾的种群遗传结构、遗传分化等方面的研究奠定了基础。      

An RNA processing activity that debranches RNA lariats

The excised introns of pre-messenger RNA's (pre-mRNA's) and intron-containing splicing intermediates are in a lariat configuration in which the 5' end of the intron is covalently joined by a 2',5'-phosphodiester bond to a specific adenosine residue near the 3' end of the intron. A 2',5'-phosphodiesterase activity in HeLa cell extracts has been detected that debranches RNA lariats, converting them to linear RNA molecules by specific cleavage of the 2',5'-phosphodiester bond. This lariat debranching activity is distinct from previously reported 2',5'-phosphodiesterases with regard to its biochemical and substrate requirements as well as its stringent cleavage specificity. The debranching activity is observed only if the RNA lariats generated during in vitro processing are deproteinized and added back to the extract. These results suggest that during the normal in vitro splicing reaction the 2',5'-phosphodiester bond of RNA lariats is protected from cleavage by the lariat debranching activity.     

Cell-free circularization of viroid progeny RNA by an RNA ligase from wheat germ

Linear, potato spindle tuber viroid RNA has been used as a substrate for an RNA ligase purified from wheat germ. Linear viroid molecules are efficiently converted to circular molecules (circles) which are indistinguishable by electrophoretic mobility and two-dimensional oligonucleotide pattern from viroid circles extracted from infected plants. In light of recent evidence for multimeric viroid replication intermediates, cleavage followed by RNA ligation by a cellular enzyme may (i) be a normal step in the viroid life cycle and (ii) may also reflect cellular events.     

4种楠木AFLP反应体系优化建立

采用核酸电泳缓冲液（TNE）结合十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）提取的高质量楠木Phoebe基因组脱氧核糖核苷酸（DNA）可满足扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）分析的要求。利用浙江楠Phoebe chekiangensis基因组DNA优化建立楠木AFLP反应体系如下:酶切反应300 ng基因组DNA,0.3 L缓冲液4,0.3 L牛血清白蛋白（100 BSA）,50 nkat EcoR,25 nkat Mse,双蒸水加至30.0 L放置37 ℃恒温箱酶切4 h,聚合酶链式反应（PCR）仪上65 ℃15 min;连接反应20.0 L酶切产物,2.5 L T4缓冲液,666.8 nkat T4 连接酶,5 pmol EcoR接头,10 pmol Mse接头,双蒸水加至25.0 L,16 ℃连接过夜（10 ~14 h）;预扩增反应2.0 L连接产物,2.0 L 10 缓冲液,31.25 nmol镁离子,16.67 nkat TaqDNA聚合酶,4 pmol脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸（dNTP）,预扩增引物（E＋A,M＋C）各6 pmol,双蒸水加至20.0 L;选扩增反应稀释40倍的预扩产物2.0 L,2.0 L 10缓冲液,31.25 nmol镁离子,4 pmol dNTP,16.67 nkat TaqDNA聚合酶,选扩增引物（M＋CNN）15 pmol,选扩增引物（E+ANN）12 pmol,双蒸水加至20.0 L。利用上面体系在64对选扩引物中筛出13对适于浙江楠AFLP分析的最佳引物组合。图5表3参24     

The structural basis of ribozyme-catalyzed RNA assembly

Life originated, according to the RNA World hypothesis, from self-replicating ribozymes that catalyzed ligation of RNA fragments. We have solved the 2.6 angstrom crystal structure of a ligase ribozyme that catalyzes regiospecific formation of a 5' to 3' phosphodiester bond between the 5'-triphosphate and the 3'-hydroxyl termini of two RNA fragments. Invariant residues form tertiary contacts that stabilize a flexible stem of the ribozyme at the ligation site, where an essential magnesium ion coordinates three phosphates. The structure of the active site permits us to suggest how transition-state stabilization and a general base may catalyze the ligation reaction required for prebiotic RNA assembly.     

华山松SRAP-PCR反应体系的优化

为建立华山松SRAP-PCR反应体系,研究先采用L16(45)正交设计对影响华山松SRAP反应的5个因子(DNA模板浓度、Mg2+浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度、Taq酶)在4个水平上进行优化试验。结果表明:各因素对SRAP反应的影响依次为:Mg2+>dNTPs>Taq酶>DNA模板>引物;对SRAP反应结果影响较大的3个因子(Mg2+浓度、dNTPs浓度、Taq酶浓度)进行单因素试验;确立华山松SRAP反应最佳体系为:20μL的PCR体系中含有Mg2+2.2mmol/L、dNTPs0.25mmol/L、DNA模板60ng、Taq酶0.8mol/s、引物0.8μmol/L。将该体系用于华山松的SRAP扩增能获得稳定、清晰的多态性条带。     

菠菜AFLP反应体系研究(英文)

[目的]该研究旨在初步建立适合于菠菜作物的AFLP反应体系。[方法]运用改良CTAB法提取6份菠菜品种的DNA,对AFLP反应体系中酶切连接、预扩、选扩等实验条件进行了优化分析。[结果]研究结果如下:(1)在PCR仪中酶切的效果比水浴的要好,酶切反应对酶切时间和DNA的浓度要求不敏感。(2)菠菜AFLP预扩选扩体系的反应体积为20μl,Mg2+(25mmol/L)1.2μl,dNTPs(2.5mmol/L)1.6μl,Taq-polymerase(5U/μl)0.2μl最佳。[结论]该研究建立的AFLP反应体系对与菠菜基因组分析时稳定有效的,该技术体系为菠菜品种亲缘关系的AFLP分子标记分析和遗传育种等提供一定的理论基础。     

洋葱SRAP- PCR体系的优化研究

优化了洋葱SRAP- PCR反应体系的模板浓度和Mg2+浓度.采用8对不同的引物组合和2份不同的洋葱材料进行验证实验,结果表明,在20μl的反应体系中,模板的量在180～210 ng均可获得清晰的扩增,低于180 ng,扩增带模糊,高于210 ng扩增背景严重;合适的Mg2+浓度在1.5～2.0 mmol/L之间;使用...     

纤维素酶产生菌的分离及酶学性质研究

[目的]从自然界分离纯化产纤维素酶的放线菌,并测定影响该菌酶活的因素。[方法]利用刚果红变色圈法从特定土壤中分离出产纤维素酶最高的单菌落,通过对其菌落形态及菌丝观察,判断其为放线菌,命名为A1。用DNS分光光度法研究,不同因素对其所产纤维素酶活力的影响情况。[结果]该菌在50℃,pH值5的条件时,酶活性较高,且适量添加Mg2＋、Fe3＋能明显激活酶活,而微量的Ag＋,Cu2＋能抑制酶活。     

The intervening sequence RNA of Tetrahymena is an enzyme

A shortened form of the self-splicing ribosomal RNA (rRNA) intervening sequence of Tetrahymena thermophila acts as an enzyme in vitro. The enzyme catalyzes the cleavage and rejoining of oligonucleotide substrates in a sequence-dependent manner with Km = 42 microM and kcat = 2 min-1. The reaction mechanism resembles that of rRNA precursor self-splicing. With pentacytidylic acid as the substrate, successive cleavage and rejoining reactions lead to the synthesis of polycytidylic acid. Thus, the RNA molecule can act as an RNA polymerase, differing from the protein enzyme in that it uses an internal rather than an external template. At pH 9, the same RNA enzyme has activity as a sequence-specific ribonuclease.     

泡桐AFLP反应体系的建立及引物筛选

以豫杂一号泡桐为材料,通过对影响AFLP技术体系的各主要因素的研究,建立了适于泡桐AFLP分析的技术体系.结果表明最佳酶切体系(20μL)为500 ng模板DNA,3 U的Pst 1和Mse I,在37℃下双酶切3 h;20μL最佳连接体系中为酶切产物15 μL,0.25 μmol·L-1Pst I接头,2.5 μmol·L-1 Mse I接头,1 μL 10×T4 Buff-er,2 U T4连接酶,22℃连接18 h;20 μL最佳预扩反应体系中5 μL稀释10倍的连接产物,100 μmol·L-1dNTP,2 U Taq酶,250 μmol.L-1 Pst I和Mse I引物(P+AGT/M+AGT),2 μL 10×PCR Buffer.20 μL最佳选择性扩增反应体系中5 μL稀释20倍预扩增产物,100 μmol·L-1dNTP,2 U Taq酶,350 μmol·L-1 Pst I和Mse I引物(P+AGT/M+AGT),2 μL 10×PCR Buffer.最后,筛选出了97对适宜于泡桐AFLP分析的引物.     

外源Ca2+、Mg2+、Cu2+和吖啶黄素对刺梨果实维生素C合成的影响

【目的】研究二价金属离子和传统抑制剂对刺梨果实维生素C合成的调控作用。【方法】以‘贵农5号’刺梨为材料,采用离体喂饲和活体注射相结合的方法,研究Ca2+、Mg2+、Cu2+等二价金属离子及吖啶黄素、石蒜碱等有机抑制剂对刺梨果实半乳糖内酯脱氢酶（GalLDH）活性和维生素C（AsA）合成的影响。【结果】Ca2+、Mg2+两种离子对初纯化的GalLDH酶活性有一定的促进作用,Cu2+则显著抑制其活性;当用金属离子与AsA合成底物半乳糖内酯（GalL）共同喂饲果肉时,Ca2+、Mg2+两种离子未有效促进AsA合成,Cu2+处理下的刺梨果肉中AsA含量甚至显著降低;在刺梨果实发育过程中,注射Ca2+对活体果实AsA合成有明显促进作用,Mg2+的作用不明显,而Cu2+依然表现出对AsA合成的抑制作用。吖啶黄素能抑制初纯化GalLDH酶液约70%的活性,而石蒜碱的抑制作用较小（约30%）,但两者在离体喂饲处理中对AsA合成表现出相似的抑制效果;活体注射处理时,吖啶黄素在处理后期对AsA合成表现出较明显的抑制作用,石蒜碱则无此效应。【结论】外源增Ca2+可促进刺梨果实AsA合成和积累,而Cu2+和吖啶黄素则有抑制作用。     

Stereochemistry of RNA cleavage by the Tetrahymena ribozyme and evidence that the chemical step is not rate-limiting

The intervening sequence of the ribosomal RNA precursor of Tetrahymena is a catalytic RNA molecule, or ribozyme. Acting as a sequence-specific endoribonuclease, it cleaves single-stranded RNA substrates with concomitant addition of guanosine. The chemistry of the reaction has now been studied by introduction of a single phosphorothioate in the substrate RNA at the cleavage site. Kinetic studies show no significant effect of this substitution on kcat (rate constant) or Km (Michaelis constant), providing evidence that some step other than the chemical step is rate-limiting. Product analysis reveals that the reaction proceeds with inversion of configuration at phosphorus, consistent with an in-line, SN2 (P) mechanism. Thus, the ribozyme reaction is in the same mechanistic category as the individual displacement reactions catalyzed by protein nucleotidyltransferases, phosphotransferases, and nucleases.     

芒果CDDP分子标记正交优化设计及引物筛选

以芒果基因组DNA为模板,选择正交设计试验对控制DNA保守序列多态性——聚合酶链式反应(CDDP-PCR)的4个因素(模板DNA浓度、dNTPs浓度、引物浓度、Mg~(2+)DNA聚合酶用量)进行正交试验,构建了较佳的芒果CDDP-PCR反应体系,含0.50 U Mg2+DNA聚合酶、0.40 mmol·L~(-1)d NTPs、1.00μmol·L~(-1)引物、0.50 ng·μL~(-1)模板DNA,加双蒸水使得总体积达20.00μL.对比四因子对PCR反应的影响,影响最强的因素是含Mg2+的DNA聚合酶,影响最弱的因素是模板DNA.利用供试的20个芒果品种验证了该体系的稳定性和可行性,21条CDDP引物均可扩增出明晰整齐的条带.     

滑叶藤ISSR PCR反应体系建立及优化

 为建立和优化滑叶藤 ISSR PCR反应体系,运用正交试验和单因子试验分析模板DNA,TagDNA聚合酶,Primer,Mg2+和dNTPs 5个因子对滑叶藤ISSR PCR反应影响。结果表明了滑叶藤 ISSR PCR 25μL反应体系中5个因子最佳水平：DNA模板为84ng,TagDNA聚合酶为20u,Primer浓度为08mmol/L,dNTPs浓度为068mmol/L,M2+浓度为24mmol/L。该反应体系为利用ISSR分子标记技术研究铁线莲属植物提供了可靠方法。