2种选择性农药刺激稻纵卷叶螟产卵的研究

[目的]探讨选择性农药是否是稻纵卷叶螟再猖獗的诱导因素。[方法]在盆栽和田间试验中,以武运粳7号为供试水稻品种,分别采用不同浓度的25%扑虱灵和10%吡虫啉对稻纵卷叶螟2龄和4龄期的幼虫进行喷雾处理,研究这2种选择性农药对稻纵卷叶螟产卵的影响。[结果]在稻纵卷叶螟幼虫2龄期用扑虱灵300.0、112.5、60.0 g/hm2进行喷雾处理能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵;在稻纵卷叶螟幼虫4龄期用吡虫啉60.0 g/hm2喷雾处理也能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵,并且其成虫产卵量与对照相比显著增加。[结论]扑虱灵和吡虫啉能刺激稻纵卷叶螟成虫产卵,是稻纵卷叶螟再猖獗的诱导因素之一。     

第三代三化螟产卵与水稻生育进程及品种关系探讨

2000、2001年水稻三化螟在跃进农场造成大范围的危害，对产量构成很大威胁。本文以该两年的调查数据，浅析第三代三化螟产卵与水稻生育进程和品种选择性的关系。     

水稻三化螟对杀虫剂的耐药性研究

研究了江苏省３个地区水稻三化螟对有机磷,沙蚕毒素杀虫剂的耐药性。结果表明：不同地区的水稻三化螟对甲胺磷,永虫双的耐药力有明显差异,其中高淳种群对甲胺磷,杀虫双具有很强的耐药力。以广东翁源种群为相对敏感种群,高淳,邗江,如皋种群对杀虫双的抗生倍数分别为１２．４,４．４和５．１倍,如皋、高淳和邗江种群对杀虫单的敏感性差异不大。     

水稻三化螟对杀虫剂的抗药性研究

以广州市郊、翁源、汕头市郊、四会、花都和始兴等地水稻三化螟对敌百虫、乐果、杀虫双、杀虫单和巴丹等杀虫剂的抗药性进行测定，结果表明：这些地区的三化螟幼虫对上述杀虫剂抗性水平都不高，但不同地区的水稻三化螟种群对同一种药剂反应有较明显差异，且抗药性的发展与当地施药水平有密切关系，耐药性的增长在年度间也有递增的趋势，翁源县的三化螟对乐果、巴丹、杀虫双尚处于敏感阶段，而其它地区则存在种群对杀虫剂的异质性，翁     

水稻三化螟对杀虫剂的耐药性研究

研究了江苏省３个地区水稻三化螟对有机磷、沙蚕毒素杀虫剂的耐药性。结果表明：不同地区的水稻三化螟对甲胺磷、杀虫双的耐药力有明显差异,其中高淳种群对甲胺磷、杀虫双具有很强的耐药力。以广东翁源种群为相对敏感种群,高淳、邗江、如皋种群对杀虫双的抗性倍数分别为１２．４、４．４和５．１倍。如皋、高淳和邗江种群对杀虫单的敏感性差异不大。     

水稻三化螟为害损失及防治指标的研究

水稻分蘖期、孕穗期分别按三化螟卵量60—600块/亩接入试验小区。分蘖期接种的水稻枯心率达1.125—9.607%,但分蘖数除600块/亩的较对照区少以外,其余均较对照高。孕穗期接种的白穗率达1.692—18.395%,但被害株的分蘖健穗的千粒重都较对照区高。实测两期接种的水稻每亩产量,表明60块卵/亩处理分别比对照增加0.53%和1.2%,说明水稻对三化螟危害后有一定的补偿作用。据此,本文还计算出不同时期防治三化螟的指标分别为114—134块卵/亩、90—105块卵/亩。     

水稻纹枯病及三化螟的防治

紫金县是广东省的40个产粮大县之一,水稻是当地栽培面积最广的粮食作物。紫金县农业科学研究所承担2007—2015年国家农业综合开发水稻示范推广科技项目在紫金的实施。在项目实施过程中,水稻纹枯病及三化螟发生频率及面积均逐年增加,危害程度越来越大,严重影响产量和质量。本文结合项目实施情况介绍水稻纹枯病及三化螟的防治。     

有机磷农药防治水稻3代三化螟的药效试验

药效试验表明 :防治水稻 3代三化螟 ,在 3代三化螟卵孵盛期内 ,水稻破口 2 %时喷药较水稻破口 5%时喷药 ,防效可提高0 .43～ 2 .53个百分点。防治 3代三化螟以三唑磷、二嗪农等有机磷的单剂或混剂防效较佳     

替代甲胺磷农药品种防治水稻三化螟药效试验

48%乐斯本乳油、20%三唑磷乳油、30%氯胺磷乳油、1.8%阿维菌素乳油、90%杀虫单可湿性粉剂等5种农药防治水稻三化螟的田间试验结果表明,每667 m2施用48%乐斯本80 mL或1.8%阿维菌素40 mL或20%三唑磷150 mL对水稻三化螟防效良好,建议将乐斯本、阿维菌素和三唑磷作为适宜广东省推广使用的替代甲胺磷品种.     

水稻三化螟再度猖獗的原因分析及防治对策

水稻三化螟近年来在我县回升速度较快。给水稻生产造成严重威胁。几年来的研究表明，再度猖獗的主要原因是：（１）品种布局的调整，利于三化螟的发生；（２）种植新技术的推广，为再度猖獗提供条件；（３）常年冬季偏暖，气候条件适宜；（４）防治认识不足，造成三化螟危害逐年加重。据此提出农业防治、化学防治等防治对策。     

Studies on Stimulating Effect of Two Selective Insecticides on the Numbers of Laid Egg by Yellow Rice Borer,Tryporyza incertulas (Walker) and Their Effects on Biochemistry of Rice Plants

Buprofezin and imidacloprid are selective insecticides against Homoptera insects. This paper in-vestigated stimulating effect of the two insecticides on the number of laid eggs by yellow rice borer, Tryporyzaincertulas (Walker) of three generations in 2001 -2002. The results showed that the reproductive rate of emer-gence months during the larvae feeding on the rice plants of Xiushui63 treated with the two insecticides was sig-nificantly higher than that of control, indicating that the numbers of laid eggs by the borer was stimulated fol-lowing buprofezin and imidacloprid applications. However, there was no such effect for the larvae feeding onrice variety Zhendao2 which showed moderate resistance to the insect. In addition, the incidence of stimulatingegg laid for the first instar treated with the two insecticides was greater than that for the third instar. Bio-chemical tests showed that oxalic acid concentration declined, and photosynthetic rate of rice leaves followingthe two insecticide applications declined significantly compared to control, whereas reducing sugar concentra-tion increased significantly for all other treatments of two varieties except Xiushui63 treated with buprofezin.The level of glutathione-S-transferase varied with rice variety and insecticide.     

气候变化对水稻三化螟物候及多度的影响(英文)

以云南省建水县稻区1986～1997年连续24年间黑光灯下监测诱集的水稻三化螟种群数量及越冬代虫口基数为依据,结合当地1986～1997年最高温度、最低温度、平均温度及相对湿度等主要气象资料,采用多元回归法分析了三化螟物候和多度与气象条件间的相互关系。结果表明,三化螟成虫种群数量在年际间变化明显,从1986～1997年连续24年间,灯下三化螟成虫的始见期与1～2月的平均温度显著相关,当年11月到次年2月,灯下未诱集到三化螟成虫,从7月到9月,灯下虫量迅速增加,于9月灯下虫量达高峰。灯下三化螟成虫种群与最高温度、最低温度和平均温度间具有显著相关性,随着温度的升高,灯下虫量逐渐增加,但随着相对湿度的增加而降低,降雨量对灯下虫量无明显影响。灯下虫量与气象因素间的多元回归分析及逐步回归分析后获得逐步回归方程Y=-546.67+10.52X2-0.52X4+6.25X5,相关系数R=0.38(F=12.95,P<0.01)。灯下虫量与气象因素间的总体多元回归方程为Y=-723.17-3.81X1+26.00X2-10.82X3-0.48X4+7.67X5(F=12.39,P<0.01),其中X1为最高温度;X2为平均温度;X3为最低温度;X4为降雨量;X5为相对湿度。越冬代幼虫的虫口密度与次年3月和4月灯下成虫数量具有显著的相关性,且越冬代幼虫的虫口密度是影响灯下虫量的关键因子。     

基于事件本体的三化螟种群信息管理系统研究

在传统知识表示形式的基础上,提出了一种基于事件本体的三化螟种群知识表示形式,并在该知识表示形式的基础上构建了三化螟种群信息模型。与传统知识表示形式相比,事件本体知识表示形式以更高粒度的事件作为知识表示单元,更符合客观实际,具有更好的扩展性和融合性。     

Effect of Rapid Cold Hardening on the Cold Tolerance of the Larvae of the Rice Stem Borer,Chilo suppressalis （Walker）

The effects of rapid cold hardening （RCH） on the cold tolerance of the last instar larvae of Chilo suppressalis （Walker） were evaluated for the first time. The discriminating temperature, induction, detection, duration and extent of RCH of the larvae in the laboratory were tested, and the supercooling points （SCPs） and the contents of water and lipid of the larvae after RCH treatment were determined, respectively. The results showed that the discriminating temperature of the larvae was about -21℃. Mean survival rates of the larvae which exposed to either 0 or 5℃ for 2 and 4 h before exposure to the discriminating temperature for 2 h were significantly higher than those of the control groups （P 〈 0.05）. Moreover, the highest survival rate appeared in the larvae after 0℃ for 4 h treatment. The protection against low temperature gained by RCH at 0℃ for 4 h was rapidly lost on return to 28℃. Mean survival rates of RCH larvae were significantly higher than those of non-acclimated （NACC） larvae and acclimation （ACC） larvae when they were exposed to the discriminating temperature for 2 or 4 h （P〈 0.05）. Moreover, the rates of NACC, ACC, RCH and ACC ＋ RCH larvae from 2 to 6 h to the discriminating temperature resulted in a significant decline. The values of SCPs and the contents of lipid of the larvae which exposed to either 0 or 5℃ for 2 and 4 h showed no significant difference at 0.05 level compared to those of the control groups. But the contents of water in the larvae were obviously decreased. Therefore, it could be concluded that RCH could enhance cold tolerance and affect partly physiological and biochemical components of the larvae of C. suppressalis, but the underlying mechanisms needs to be further explored.     

Lethal and Sub-Lethal Effects of Transgenic Rice Containing cry1Ac and CpTI Genes on the Pink Stem Borer,Sesamia inferens（Walker）

Lethal and sub-lethal effects of transgenic rice containing crylAc and CpTI genes on the pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens,were studied to collect information for ecological risk assessment on insect-resistance of transgenic rice. In vitro insectfeeding bioassays were conducted to evaluate the lethal and sub-lethal effects oftransgenic flee lines (Ⅱ YouKF6 and KF6)containing crylAc+CpTI genes on S. inferens at four different growth stages, viz., seedling, tillering and elongation, booting,and milk and maturing. Transgenie rice at seedling stage showed significantly high lethal effect on S. inferens with the shortest lethal duration for 50 and 100% individuals and the highest corrected mortalities after feeding on transgenic lines at this stage for 3 and 6 d. Followed by tillering and elongation stage, 50 and 100% S. inferens were dead after feeding on transgenic lines at this stage for 4 and 10 d, respectively. Moreover, corrected mortalities for 6 d feeding on transgenic lines at this stage were significantly higher than that at booting, and milk and maturing stages. Lethal effect of KF6 on S. inferens decreased significantly at booting stage. Lethal duration for 50% S. inferens significantly extended and its corrected mortalities for 6 d feeding also declined remarkably. However, lethal effect of Ⅱ YouKF6 on S. inferens did not decrease significantly at this stage. Transgenic rice at booting, and milk and maturing stages did not show significant lethal effect to S. inferens and it showed the longest lethal duration for 50% individuals and the lowest corrected mortalities for 3 and 6 d feeding. A few larvae of S. inferens could survive, pupate and emerge on these two transgenic lines at booting, and milk and maturing stages. Sub-lethal effect of two transgenie lines on S. inferens also differed significantly between different developmental stages. Continuously feeding on transgenic rice lines at seedling, and tillering and elongation stages delayed the development of larvae and pupae and decreased pupation rate, but no effect was observed on eclosion rate. Larval development was significantly inhibited after feeding on transgenic rice at booting stage, but no obvious effect was observed in pupal stage, pupation and eclosion rate. There were no significant differences for larval and pupal development, pupation,and eclosion rates between feeding on transgenic and control rice lines at milk and maturing stage. Larval and pupal weights significantly declined, but no influence was observed on fecundity when S. inferens infested on transgenic rice at any stage.These showed that there were significant differences in lethal and sub-lethal effects of transgenic rice on S. inferens among developmental stages, and the effects gradually decreased with the increase of growth stages of rice plant.     

存贮温度和时间对二化螟性诱剂诱蛾效果的影响

试验研究了二化螟性诱芯的存贮温度和存贮时间对雄成虫田间诱集量的影响。试验结果表明:6月3日到8月10日每盆平均总诱蛾量,处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅳ比对照(处理Ⅴ)分别下降27.1％和38.8％,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ比对照分别下降53.7％和62.8％,差异显著(P<0.05)。不同处理每盆每日最大诱蛾量与总诱蛾量的变化趋势一致。不同处理所反映的田间发蛾高峰期相近。     

N，N’-二（5-溴亚水杨基）-2，6-吡啶二氨及其配合物对水稻幼苗作用的研究

用光度法测定了N,N’-二（5-溴亚水杨基）-2,6-吡啶二氨及其配合物对水稻幼苗细胞存活率、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物歧化酶（POD）活力的影响。结果表明：配合物浓度在1～10mg／L时,水稻幼苗细胞存活率均高于125％,且对SOD和POD酶有激活作用。