脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体免疫对猪胴体品质调控的研究

为了降低生产成本并满足消费者对低脂肪的需求,科学家开始寻求一种新的、可行的、更有效的办法来降低动物脂肪。本文对非激素手段———脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体免疫对猪胴体品质进行的调控及抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体免疫的原理、作用机制、应用效果进行了全面阐述,并指出了尚需要解决的学术性和技术性关键问题.     

脂肪细胞膜抗血清对猪胴体品质和肉品质的影响

将36头5周龄的断奶上海大白猪随机分成6组.对照组C1和C2、皮下免疫试验组S1和S2、腹腔免疫试验组A1和A2,每组6头猪.试验周期为11周和17周.试验组A1和A2腹腔注射5.0 ml/kg BW山羊抗猪脂肪细胞膜抗血清,试验组S1和S2皮下注射5.0 ml/kg BW山羊抗猪脂肪细胞膜抗血清,对照组C1和C2以相同剂量注射正常山羊血清.11周末和17周末屠宰结果显示:①各试验组猪板油重和背膘厚都显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);11周末,与对照组相比,试验组S1和A1中猪眼肌面积均显著升高;17周末,腹腔免疫组猪眼肌面积显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).②11周末,腹腔免疫组猪半腱肌和里脊、皮下免疫组猪背最长肌和里脊中脂肪含量均明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);17周末,与对照组相比,腹腔免疫组猪半腱肌中脂肪含量显著下降(P＜0.05).③11周末,腹腔免疫组猪背最长肌和里脊中蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);17周末,各试验组背最长肌和里脊中蛋白质含量与腹腔免疫组半腱肌中蛋白质含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).表明,山羊抗猪脂肪细胞膜被动免疫具有较好改善猪胴体品质和肉品质的作用.     

脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体对猪胴体品质的影响

提取猪脂肪细胞膜蛋白，通过山羊制备成脂肪细胞蛋白抗体，用此抗体被动免疫二元杂交公猪。试验分皮下免疫和腹腔免疫两个试验组，以及一个注射阴性血清的对照组。结果显示，两试验组体重比对照组分别增加６２１ ％ 和７９９ ％ ，料肉比分别降低６１５ ％ 和９８５ ％ ；胴体脂肪率分别比对照组下降１１９６ ％ 和８０３ ％ ，瘦肉率分别升高２３８ ％ 和３１１ ％ 。此外，免疫对猪某些器官如肝、脾有一定影响。     

脂肪细胞膜蛋白免疫研究进展

为了降低生产成本，满足消费对肉品的更高要求，一直在探索促进动物生长和提高胴体品质新方法的学提出了一种非激素途径的免疫学方法－脂肪细胞膜抗体免疫方法，目前这一高效，安全和作用持久的方法已日益引起重视。     

日粮中添加脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体对猪脂肪沉积的影响

将160头体质量27 kg左右的杜×(长×梅)三元杂交商品猪随机分成试验组和对照组,每组设4个重复,每个重复20头,公母各半。在试验组基础日粮中添加75 mg.kg-1脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体(简称OAAb),饲喂104 d后,从每组选出体质量相近的12头猪(公母各半)屠宰,记录内脏器官和脂肪组织质量,同时采集血样。结果显示:试验组平均日增质量、饲料报酬分别提高13.03%(P<0.01)和7.49%;试验组背膘厚、肾周脂肪指数、肠系膜脂肪指数和皮下脂肪指数分别下降24.14%(P<0.01)、27.27%(P<0.05)、20.42%(P<0.01)和29.11%(P<0.01),而肌内脂肪含量则不受影响;血清游离脂肪酸浓度在处理后明显升高(P<0.01),血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯浓度无明显差异;脾脏质量显著增加(P<0.05),但不影响肝脏和肾脏质量。提示:口服OAAb可抑制猪的脂肪沉积,改善猪的胴体品质。     

日粮中添加红花油对生长育肥猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

研究日粮中添加不同水平的红花油对生长育肥猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响．日粮中添加红花油水平分别为0,0．4％,0．6％,0．8％和1％．结果表明：添加红花油的各试验组的平均日增重、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维等消化率显著提高（P〈0．05）,饲料利用率得到改善;各试验组猪的屠宰率和瘦肉率显著高于试验组1,眼肌面积、脂肪酸含量也比试验组1得到提高,降低了胆固醇含量,改善了猪肉品质．     

抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白多克隆抗体对猪脂类和内分泌代谢的影响

 给15kg体重仔猪分别腹腔注射0,10,20,30mg抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白多克隆抗体。结果显示,抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体可显著提高血清脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）的活性和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）的含量（P<0.05）,降低游离脂肪酸（FFA）和极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）的含量（P<0.05）,对血清总脂、甘油三酯（TG）、血清总胆固醇（CHO）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）的含量无明显影响（P>0.05）。此外,该抗体可显著降低血清胰岛素（Ins）的水平（P<0.05）,提高三碘甲状腺原氨酸（T3）的水平（P<0.05）,而对血清生长激素（GH）和胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）的水平无明显影响（P>0.05）。表明抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体可通过影响血液脂类代谢和激素的水平而减少体内脂肪沉积。     

日粮纤维对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响

以甜菜渣和苜蓿草粉作日粮的主要纤维源研究日粮中不同含量的纤维对肥育猪生产性能和胴体品质的影响 .结果表明 :日粮中粗纤维质量分数为 6% ,可以获得较为理想的生产性能 ,对胴体品质没有不良影响 ;粗纤维质量分数为 8% ,猪表现为生产性能低下 ,屠宰率显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,背最长肌肌内脂肪的含量显著降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,背膘中粪臭素的含量显著提高 (P<0 .0 5 ) .     

日粮中添加硒对滩羊胴体品质的影响

[目的]探讨日粮中添加硒对滩羊胴体品质的影响,为生产特色滩羊肉提供技术支持。[方法]在滩羊日粮中添加0.35 mg/kg(试验组)和0.30 mg/kg(对照组)硒进行饲养试验,研究富硒日粮对滩羊胴体品质的影响。[结果]试验组滩羊胴体净肉率和肉骨比值较对照组分别提高2%和9.6%;试验组滩羊香味氨基酸、脯氨酸和赖氨酸含量比对照组提高1.2%、3.8%和21%。试验组镁、钙和钾含量较对照组分别提高31.12%、12.76%和24.77%;试验组滩羊体内硒含量比对照组提高10%。[结论]日粮中添加适量的硒能够提高胴体净肉率、肉骨比值以及镁、钙、钾和硒含量。     

脂肪细胞膜免疫研究进展

脂肪细胞膜免疫技术作为一种高效、安全、作用持久的方法,用于降低肉品脂肪含量,并已在大鼠、绵羊和猪的体脂调控方面取得了显著成效。对脂肪细胞膜免疫方法、作用机理以及脂肪细胞膜免疫中存在的问题进行了综述,并展望了脂肪细胞膜免疫技术的发展方向和应用前景。     

Generation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibody Against Porcine Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Proteins

Production of monoclonal antibody against porcine adipocyte plasma membrane proteins to explore a new way of controlling body fat deposition and improving carcass quality is discussed in this article. Membrane proteins of pig adipocyte plasma membrane proteins were extracted with the help of sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and two kinds of proteins were obtained. The monoclonal antibody （designated 3B2 and 3F3） of IgG1 and IgG2b subclass against adipocyte membrane proteins were produced by immunization, with adipocyte membrane proteins as an antigen, and its titer was 1：105 detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay （ELISA）. The cell strains were identified by analyzing the number of chromosomes, the heat stability, the acid and alkali, the types and subtypes of immnoglobulin, and its peculiarities and affinities. Through identification, the chromosome number of hybridoma cell strains was from 80 to 100 and the strains formed good hybridomas colonies. The strains＇ affinity constants were 4.63 × 10^9 and 3.75 × 10^9 （mol L^-1）-1, respectively. At the same time, the McAb secreted was stable to environmental factors, such as, temperature, acid, alkali and so on. The monoclonal antibodies had been obtained and their specificity to porcine adipocyte plasma membrane proteins had been identified.     

Effects of the Sheep Polyclonal Antibodies Against the Porcine Adipocyte Plasma Membrane Proteins on Porcine Carcass Composition and Meat Quality

To detect the effects of the polyclonal antibodies raised in sheep against porcine adipocyte plasma membranes on the porcine carcass composition and meat quality, 30 pigs assigned into 6 treatment groups were given intraperitoneal injections of sheep antipig adipocyte plasma membrane immunoglobulin （ASIg） or sheep nonimmune serum immunoglobulin （NSIg）. At the end of the experiment, the pigs were slaughtered at 90 kg body weight, and carcasses and meat quality were evaluated. The results showed that when pigs intraperitoneally immunized with 20 or 30 mg ASIg at 15 kg body weight, 20 mg purified ASIg twice at 15 and 60 kg body weight, or 20 mg purified ASIg at 60 kg body weight, respectively, their lean meat percentage, fat meat percentage, backfat thickness, loin eye area leaf fat weight, caul fat weight, heart weight, liver weight, and kidney weight were significantly affected. However, the kidney weight, lurrg weight, dressing percentage, and spleen weight did not remarkably change. Our results indicated that pigs intraperitoneally immunized with 20 or 30 mg ASIg at 15 kg body weight, and 20 mg ASIg twice at 15 and 60 kg body weight, have significantly different drip loss rate, cooked meat ratio, tenderness, storage loss rate, muscle fiber diameter, moisture content, dry matter content, crude protein content, and crude fat content from the control group that received 20 mg NSIg at 15 kg body weight. However, meat pH, meat color value, meat marbling score, inosinate, and myohemoglobin were not significantly affected. Our results indicated ASIg could not significantly affect the content of most muscular amino acids and intramuscular fatty acids.     

苯二氮卓化合物F89对猪的生长、胴体组成和养分代谢的影响

 选用32头大二杂种猪（试验1）和24头杜二杂种猪（试验2）进行日粮添加2μg/gF89试验。试验1、2试验期分别为20和28d。试验猪配对分组，自由采食含粗蛋白14.60%和16.14%的日粮。F89组在试验1和2平均日增重分别较对照组提高4.3%和9.8%(P＜0.05),粒重比都略有下降。试验1中F89组猪背膘厚降低11.78%(P＜0.05),血清FFA升高30.50%(P＜0.01),血清脂肪酶活性升高8.94%(P＜0.05)。血清脲氮降低，GPT、CPK及T#-3、T#-4水平升高，胰岛素水平降低，但差异均不显著。试验2的屠宰测定发现，F89提高屠宰率和胴体瘦肉率，降低胴体脂肪含量15.61%(P＜0.05)。核酸分析表明，瘦肉的增多主要源于白肌的肥大。试验2中F89组猪血清脲氮降低14.50%(P＜0.05),血清FFA升高58.20%(P＜0.01),血清脂肪酶和GPT活性也显著升高。F89同样提高血清T#-3水平，降低胰岛素水平，两试验结果表明F89可以改善生长后期猪的胴体组成，减少脂肪沉积。     

龙陵黄山羊屠宰性能及肉质研究

 对不同月龄的龙陵黄山羊进行了胴体和肉质理化特性的分析测定,结果得出,8月龄和18月龄龙陵黄山羊屠宰率和净肉率分别为45.52%±3.49,32.62%±0.64和48.51%±1.72,37.51%±0.52,显示出良好的胴体品质.不同月龄间羊肉的水分、干物质、肌间脂肪含量和肉色差异显着(P<0.05).背最长肌肌纤维直径分别为57.12μm和62.87μm.蛋白质中赖氨酸和组氨酸的含量丰富,8月龄占羊肉蛋白质7.73%±0.51和2.56%±0.29,18月龄占羊肉蛋白质8.16%±0.38和2.85%±0.12均高于理想蛋白中的含量.     

Effect of N-methyl-aspartate and Betaine on Growth Performance and Correlation Between Growth Hormone, Growth Performance and Carcass Composition in Finishing Pigs

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Terbutaline对肉仔鸡胴体组成及体内物质代谢的影响

用４２日龄商品代艾维因（Ａｖｉａｎ）肉仔鸡１８０只,随机分为３组,分别向日粮中添加０,０．５,１．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的Ｔｅｂｕｔａｌｉｎｅ（特布他林）,至５６日龄时进行屠宰,并进行血液生化指标测定及肌肉营养成分测定,结果表明,Ｔｅｂｕｔａｌｉｎｅ提高了肉鸡的屠宰率,胸肌率和腿肌率,降低了腹脂率（Ｐ〈０．０５）,并使肌肉中蛋白质成分增高（Ｐ〈０．０５）,肌肉中水分及蛋白质含量无显著变化,血清尿酸氮含量显著     

低温对水稻幼苗根细胞质膜、液泡膜Mg2+ -ATP酶活性的影响

水稻幼苗经冷处理 ( 1℃ ,1 50 μmol/(m2 ·s) ,2d)后 ,根质膜、液泡膜Mg2 -ATP酶活性均明显下降 ,而经低温锻炼 ( 1 4℃ ,75μmol/(m2 ·s) ,3d)的幼苗根质膜、液泡膜Mg2 -ATP酶活性升高 ,锻炼后的幼苗再经冷处理 ,其质膜、液泡膜Mg2 -ATP酶活性均与冷害前相近。