诺氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白及卵清蛋白结合物的合成

采用碳二亚胺法制备诺氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）的结合物，作为诺氟沙星酶联免疫用的免疫原。经紫外光谱法测定，每分子牛血清白蛋白连接的诺氟沙星分子数为16.1个。分别用碳二亚胺法和混合酸酐法制备诺氟沙星与卵清蛋白（OA）的结合物，作为诺氟沙星酶联免疫测定用的包被抗原。经紫外光谱法测定，每分子卵清蛋白连接的诺氟沙星分子数分别为5.8和1.9个。     

氧氟沙星人工抗原的合成及鉴定

采用碳二亚胺法制备了氧氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)及卵清蛋白(OVA)的结合物,通过FeCl3显色反应,紫外扫描以及动物免疫证明了人工抗原的成功合成。经紫外光谱法测定,每分子牛血清白蛋白连接的氧氟沙星分子数为11.16个;每分子卵清蛋白连接的氧氟沙星分子数为5.9个。     

奶牛孕酮—卵清蛋白交联物、孕酮—牛血清白蛋白交联物的制备

采用碳二亚胺法合成孕酮—卵清蛋白交联物(P4-OVA)、孕酮—牛血清白蛋白交联物(P4-BSA);用孕酮—卵清蛋白(P4-OVA)交联物作为抗原免疫兔子,获得高效价抗体;用孕酮—牛血清白蛋白交联物(P4-BSA)作为包被抗原,通过牛血清白蛋白将抗原牢固地连接在酶标板上,包被后的抗原在4℃保存一年使用效果良好。为奶牛孕酮检测ELISA试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

己烯雌酚人工抗原的合成和酶免疫检测方法的建立

通过化学方法合成己烯雌酚单羧甲基醚,并通过核磁共振和质谱进行鉴定;分别用混合酸酐法和碳二亚胺法将其与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,合成己烯雌酚人工抗原,经紫外扫描、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和动物免疫试验证实人工抗原合成成功,并制备了抗己烯雌酚的特异性多克隆抗体,同时建立了己烯雌酚的酶免疫检测方法,这对动物性食品中己烯雌酚的残留检测有重要意义。     

恩拉霉素人工抗原的合成与鉴定

建立酶联免疫方法以检测食品中恩拉霉素的残留,采用戊二醛法,偶联半抗原恩拉霉素(Er)和载体牛血清白蛋白(BSA)或卵清白蛋白(OVA),制备人工免疫抗原和人工包被抗原,分别为Er-BSA和Er-OVA。经紫外光谱鉴定,在紫外270～280 nm波长处得到Er-BSA和Er-OVA特征性偶联吸收峰。试验结果表明人工合成的2个人工抗原均偶联成功。人工免疫抗原和人工包被抗原的偶联比均达到26∶1,为进一步制备抗血清和酶联检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

抗磷酸酪氨酸抗体的制备

目的；制备抗磷酸酪氨酸抗体。方法：以EDC（碳化二亚胺）交联法合成磷酸酪氨酸牛血清白蛋白（P－Tyr－BSA）；以P－Tyr－BSA免疫新西兰免，抗血清经硫酸该盐析和DEAE纤维素柱层析纯化；以琼脂糖双扩法测定抗体效价。结果：得到抗血清效价为1：32，抗血清与牛血清蛋白（BSA）交叉反应的效价为1：2。纯化的抗体与磷酸酪氨酸牛血清白蛋白、磷酸酪氨酸卵清蛋白、磷酸丝氨酸牛血清白蛋白、磷酸苏氨酸牛血清白蛋白反应效价分别为1：32、1：16、1：2、1：2，所得抗体蛋白量为120mg。纯化的抗体在醋酸纤维素薄膜上电泳为单一区带。结论：用此法制备得的抗体专一性高，交叉反应低，抗体量大。     

诺氟沙星多克隆抗体的制备

为了制备诺氟沙星(NFLX)抗体,将修饰成功的NFLX-NH2分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,制备完全抗原,用免疫抗原免疫小鼠,获得了高效价的诺氟沙星多克隆抗体.     

恩诺沙星人工抗原的合成与鉴定

采用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯法,将恩诺沙星（ENR）分别与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）和卵清蛋白（OVA）连接,制备人工免疫原ENR-BSA和包被原ENR-OVA,经紫外扫描分析和动物免疫试验证实人工抗原合成成功,研究结果对抗恩诺沙星单克隆抗体的制备具有重要意义.     

培氟沙星人工抗原的合成与鉴定

【目的】制备培氟沙星(Pefloxacin,PEF)完全抗原,并对其免疫学特性进行鉴定。【方法】以培氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为材料,用碳二亚胺(EDC)法制备培氟沙星-牛血清白蛋白完全抗原(PEF-BSA),变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)及紫外扫描(UV)检测其免疫学特性;利用PEF-BSA免疫BALB/c小鼠,无菌条件下收集血清,用间接ELISA测定多抗血清(pAb)效价。并用同样的方法制备和鉴定培氟沙星-鸡卵清白蛋白完全抗原(PEF-OVA)。【结果】培氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白及鸡卵清白蛋白偶联成功,PEF-BSA偶联比为8∶1,PEF-OVA偶联比为6∶1。间接ELISA测得多抗血清效价均达到4 000以上,得到了较好的免疫效果。【结论】成功得到了培氟沙星完全抗原,该抗原具有较强的特异性及良好的敏感性。     

左氧氟沙星人工抗原的合成与鉴定

采用碳二亚胺法将左氧氟沙星（LVL）与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）偶联制备合成抗原BSA LVL，并用作免疫抗原，经紫外扫描法和聚丙烯酰胺电泳法对其进行鉴定，并测得偶联的结合比。结果表明，通过紫外扫描和聚丙烯酰胺电泳法的测定证明偶联成功，偶联的结合比为6∶1。用BSA LVL免疫BALB/c小鼠，间接ELISA测定多抗上清（pAb）效价，获得高效价的pAb，为进一步制备左氧氟沙星单克隆抗体提供良好的免疫原。     

兔抗2,4-D多克隆抗体的制备

采用水溶性碳化二亚胺法(EDC),将2,4-D与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)共价偶联,分别合成免疫原2,4-D-BSA和包被原2,4-D-OVA,经紫外分光光度计扫描鉴定。用合成的免疫抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,并用合成的包被原进行ELISA试验对抗血清进行定性定量测定,结果表明,获得的抗血清效价达1.6×105。用所制备的抗血清建立间接竞争ELISA方法。优化了ELISA的工作条件,方阵测定确定了包被抗原最佳浓度(5μg/mL),抗血清最佳稀释度(1∶50 000),并建立了ELISA标准工作曲线。工作曲线表明在50~2 000ng/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,该法检测底限为50 ng/mL。     

醋酸甲羟孕酮(MPA)人工抗原的合成与单克隆抗体的制备

为研制检测醋酸甲羟孕酮（MPA）的免疫学检测技术进行MPA单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定，研究分别采用碳二亚胺法、混合酸酐法将MPA偶联到牛血清白蛋白（BSA）和鸡卵清白蛋白（OVA）上制备免疫原（MPA—BSA）与包被原聊PA—OVA），通过BALB／c小鼠免疫、细胞融合、间接ELISA和阻断ELISA筛选、有限稀释法克隆亚克隆获得分泌MPA单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，并通过ELISA方法对其抗体效价、特异性、敏感性、亚类及稳定性进行鉴定。结果表明：成功合成2种人工抗原，MPA与BSA、OVA的偶联比分别为8：1、12：1；获得1株稳定分泌MPA单克隆抗体（McAb）的杂交瘤细胞株2G4H9，McAb腹水的间接ELISA效价为1：8×10^4，IgG1亚类，K型轻链，腹水抗体IC50为5．0ng·mL^-1，与甲地孕酮、盐酸克伦特罗、莱克多巴胺和己烯雌酚交叉反应率为12．5％、〈0．01％、〈0．01％和〈0．01％。作者认为：MPA单克隆抗体特异性和敏感性良好，杂交瘤细胞株性能稳定，为进一步研究MPA相关免疫学分析技术奠定了基础。     

恩诺沙星单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

 碳二亚胺法合成了2种恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,ENFX)人工抗原ENFX-BSA和ENFX-OVA,用紫外扫描和分析载体蛋白的氨基酸组成等方法对人工抗原进行鉴定,ENFX与BSA的结合比约为48∶1。用ENFX-BSA免疫BALB/C小鼠,采用显微克隆技术最终筛选出2株特异性分泌细胞2C5和5D5并获取腹水,纯化后腹水效价分别为1∶3200和1∶6400。2C5和5D5均属IgG2a型抗体。单抗5D5间接竞争ELISA(Ci-ELISA)的工作浓度为1∶1000,ENFX的抑制曲线在0.13～10     

Studies on Preparation and Characteristics of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Enrofloxacin and Cross-Reactivity of Related Fluoroquinolones

An ester activation method was employed to couple enrofloxacin(ENFX) to the carrier proteins BSA and OVA. The conjugates ENFX-BSA and ENFX-OVA were identified with an UV spectrophotometer and amino acid automation analysis instrument, and resulted in conjugates with 48 ENFX molecules per carrier molecule(BSA). Splenocytes from mice immunized with ENFX-BSA were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells and hybridomas secreting antibodies against enrofloxacin were selected and cloned. Two stable monoclonal antibodies, 2C5, 5D5 of the subclass IgG2a, were isolated. Using antibody 5D5, an indirect competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ci-ELISA) was developed for the quantitative detection of enrofloxacin and its metabolites. The IC50 of the standard curve was 21.67 ng mL-1 and the limit of detection for enrofloxacin was 0.13 ng mL-1. This method was sensitive and had a linear range from 0.13 to 10 000 ngmL-1 (r=-0.9782). Monoclonal antibody 5D5 exhibited high relative affinity to enrofloxacin, and the cross-reactivities with ciprofloxacin,marbofloxacin, sarafloxacin and danorfloxacin were 110.8, 27.40, 71.05 and 37.41%,respectively. Three non-fluoroquinolones of cefadroxil, chloramphenicol, sulfadimethoxine were tested and there was no cross-reaction between them.     

氯霉素人工免疫原的合成与鉴定

将氯霉素(CAP)进行化学修饰引入羧基活性基团,合成具有半抗原结构特征的氯霉素半琥珀酸酯(CAP-HS);采用混合酸酐(MA)法将CAP-HS与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联合成人工免疫原BSA-CAP-HS和包被原OVA-CAP-HS,用红外(IR)、紫外(UV)、凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)进行鉴定;用BSA-CAP-HS免疫BALB/C小鼠,间接ELISA测定多抗(pAb)效价,阻断ELISA鉴定其敏感性,交叉反应试验鉴定其特异性。结果表明,CAP-HS与BSA合成成功,其分子结合比为15.6∶1,获得了高价、敏感、特异的CAP pAb,为CAP残留免疫学检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

Development of Anti-Isoproturon Polyclonal Antibody

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) suitable for the determination of the urea herbicide isoproturon,3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, in food and environmental samples was developed. Two haptens named 1-(3-carboxypropyl)-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-methylurca (hapten 4C) and 1-(5-carboxypentyl)-3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-methylurea (hapten 6C) were synthesized. The haptens were coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin(OVA), respectively, using the N-hydroxysuccinimide reaction. The hapten 6C-BSA conjugate was used as the immunogen,with which a high-titer anti-isoproturon polyclonal antibody (pAb) was successfully obtained by immunization of New Zealand white rabbits. The hapten 4C-OVA conjugate was used as coating antigen and a method of the indirect competitive ELISA for isoproturon was established. The haptens were confirmed with TLC, IR, and 1H NMR. The conjugation molar ratios of hapten 4C to OVA and hapten 6C to BSA were 36:1 and 46:1, respectively, as calculated by a UV spectrophotometry.The highest titer of the anti-isoproturon sera determined by a non-competitive indirect ELISA procedure was 1.6×105. The optimal concentrations of the coating antigen and the dilution of the anti-isoproturon sera used in the ELISA were 0.1 mg L-1 and 1.0 × 105, respectively. The concentration of isoproturon that inhibits 50% of antibody-antigen binding (IC50) was 0.07 mg mL-1.The cross-reactivities of six urea herbicides including chlorbromuron, fluometuron, monolinuron were lower than 0.1%. Isoproturon is a small molecule without immune activity and active functional group for attaching to carrier protein. To produce an antibody against isoproturon with high titer and high specificity is the most important step in the development of an immunochemical method for the determination of isoproturon in food and environmental samples. The two haptens synthesized in this study have carboxyl groups and accommodate different lengths of spacer arms, and the phenyl and isopropyl groups are fully exposed. An anti-isoproturon polyclonal antibody with high titer and high specificity was successfully obtained by immunization of rabbits with the conjugate of the hapten attached to the protein carrier.     

莱克多巴胺人工免疫原合成及抗体特性

将莱克多巴胺(RAC)进行化学修饰引入羧基活性基团,合成具有半抗原结构特征的RAC-戊二酸酐半醛化合物(RAC-SA);采用混合酸酐法(MA)将RAC-SA与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联合成人工免疫原BSA-RAC和包被抗原OVA-RAC,用红外(IR)、紫外(UV)和凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)进行鉴定,推算分子结合比;用BSA-RAC免疫新西兰白兔,间接ELISA测定多克隆抗体(pAb)效价,阻断ELISA鉴定其敏感性,琼脂双扩散试验、WestGold膜杂交试验和交叉反应试验鉴定其特异性。结果表明,BSA-RAC偶联成功,分子结合比为24.5∶1;获得了高价、敏感、特异的RAC pAb,为RAC残留免疫学检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

生物素化DNA与链霉亲和素绑定初步研究

将生物素标记的DNA与链霉亲和素(streptavidin,STV)按4∶1摩尔比连接,用原子力显微镜(atomic force microscope,AFM)对混合物表征,观察到所有可能的几种DNA-STV复合物。并按照不同摩尔浓度比和孵育时间配制DNA与STV混合液,探讨了影响结合效率的因素,初步得到用生物素-链霉亲和素系统批量制备1STV-1DNA单分子复合物的最佳制备条件,为未来单分子DNA的大规模快速制备奠定了基础。