油菜蜂花粉黄酮类物质的提取及抗氧化性研究

介绍了一种油菜蜂花粉总黄酮提取工艺,研究了黄酮提取物对猪油的抗氧化性能。结果表明,采用食用酒精冷浸法提取油菜蜂花粉中的总黄酮,工艺简单,产品物理性状好;由样品的POV值以及POV值到达诱导期的时间等实验数据可以得出,黄酮提取物对油脂具有抗氧化性,在猪油中添加0.2%的提取物时,其抗氧化能力强于添加0.02%的BHT。     

国槐槐角种胚愈伤组织黄酮粗提液的抗氧化性

将国槐Sophora japonica槐角种胚细胞悬浮培养后,对细胞生产的黄酮类化合物进行抗氧化特性研究,测定黄酮粗提液对羟自由基(·OH),超氧自由基(O2-·)和亚硝酸盐的清除能力,测定黄酮粗提液对亚油酸过氧化和猪油自氧化的抑制能力,从而为研究黄酮化合物抗氧化活性的构效理论提供依据。结果表明:(1)黄酮粗提液对羟自由基的清除能力随着黄酮质量浓度的增大而增强,质量浓度为354.00 mg·L~(-1)时,清除率可达到96.58%,抗氧化效果明显优于相同质量浓度的维生素C(VC)溶液;(2)黄酮粗提液对超氧自由基的清除能力随着黄酮质量浓度的增大而增强,清除率可达61.54%,但是抗氧化效果弱于相同质量浓度的VC溶液;(3)黄酮粗提液对亚硝酸盐的清除能力随着黄酮质量浓度的增大而增强,清除率可达79.91%,在一定质量浓度范围内,抗氧化效果优于相同质量浓度的VC溶液;(4)黄酮粗提物对亚油酸自氧化有抑制作用,但抗氧化效果没有相同质量的VC强;(5)黄酮粗提物对猪油自氧化有抑制作用,抗氧化效果优于相同质量的二丁基羟基甲苯。总体来看,国槐槐角种胚细胞悬浮培养生产的黄酮类化合物具有明显的抗氧化活性,且在一定的质量浓度范围内,黄酮提取物的质量浓度越大,其抗氧化性越好。     

树莓叶片中黄酮类物质提取及抗氧化性研究

试验以四季树莓的叶片为试材,利用分光光度法测定了四季树莓叶片中总黄酮含量,同时测定了抗氧化性及清除自由基的能力。结果表明四季树莓叶片中含有丰富的黄酮类物质,干样中含量为641.7mg/100g。在亚油酸体系提取物粗黄酮具有抗氧化效果,且随着添加量的升高,抗氧化作用呈上升趋势。其抗氧化的顺序为:0.02%槲皮素>0.02%PG>0.02%BHT>0.1%提取物>0.02%提取物>CK。黄酮提取物对DPPH·的也具有一定的清除作用,随着提取物浓度增加,清除率逐渐增高。其顺序为:PG>粗黄酮>槲皮素>BHT     

马齿苋总黄酮抗氧化性质的研究

对马齿苋中黄酮类化合物抗氧化性质进行了研究,结果发现:马齿苋黄酮对猪油具有较强的抗氧化作用,且具有剂量效应关系;在短时间内1%的马齿苋黄酮抗氧化能力强于0.02%PG,而低于0.02%BHT;柠檬酸、抗坏血酸对马齿苋黄酮的抗氧化作用均有协同增效作用;马齿苋黄酮对氧自由基和羟基自由基都有良好的清除能力,且随着黄酮溶液浓度逐渐增大,其清除能力逐渐增强。     

DSC法测定菊粉对油脂抗氧化性的研究

[目的]研究菊粉对油脂的抗氧化效果,为替代市场上人工合成抗氧化剂提供参考。[方法]通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)试验确定了添加不同抗氧化剂(0.1%菊粉+猪油、0.1%TBHQ+猪油、0.05%菊粉+0.05%VC+猪油)对猪油的抗氧化效果。[结果]特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)的抗氧化效果小于菊粉,而菊粉的抗氧化效果比VC和菊粉协同作用稍差。[结论]菊粉对油脂有一定抗氧化效果,是一种较好的食用油抗氧化剂。     

金银花黄酮的抗氧化活性分析

［目的］为金银花黄酮的开发利用提供理论依据。［方法］以市售金银花为试材，将其烘干、磨碎后用60%乙醇提取其中的黄酮类物质，对所得粗黄酮进行纯化得精制黄酮，测定粗黄酮和精制黄酮中的黄酮含量，并利用猪油和亚油酸体系测定黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活性。［结果］金银花粗黄酮粉和精制黄酮粉的得率分别为45%和7.2%，粗黄酮粉中黄酮含量为20.3%，精制黄酮粉中黄酮含量为43.21%;金银花黄酮可阻断亚油酸和猪油的自氧化作用，且黄酮粉添加量越大、纯度越高，抗氧化效果越好。［结论］金银花黄酮具有明显的抗氧化活性。     

玉木耳乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性及其部分有效部位含量分析

本文研究玉木耳乙醇粗提物中的有效成分以及抗氧化活性。以玉木耳的乙醇粗提物为研究对象,研究其抗氧化活性及其部分有效部位。玉木耳粗提物具有良好的DPPH自由基的清除能力,当样品浓度在5 000μg/mL时,玉木耳乙醇粗提物对DPPH自由基的清除能力与阳性对照BHT相当;当样品浓度达到1250μg/mL时,虽然清除能力比BHT弱,但对羟基自由基也具有清除能力;当样品浓度高于2 500 mg/mL时,玉木耳乙醇粗提物对ABTS自由基的清除能力与阳性对照BHT相当。玉木耳乙醇粗提物的FRAP值虽然都低于阳性对照,但是总体看玉木耳的总还原能力很强;当样品浓度为1 250μg/mL时,总酚含量为22.1μg,提取率为3.91%;黄酮含量为6.257μg,提取率为6.26%。玉木耳的乙醇粗提物中含有总酚和总黄酮,且具有清除DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、ABTS自由基的能力和总还原能力。     

干巴菌抗氧化性的研究

采用Schaal烘箱法诱导氧化,以二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)为参照,研究干巴菌干粉及乙醇、石油醚提取物抗猪油氧化的效果,用过氧化值(POV)抑制率分析抗氧化持续时间,并测试BHT、干巴菌乙醇提取物的还原能力、清除DPPH自由基的能力和清除羟基自由基的能力。结果表明,抗猪油氧化效果是乙醇提取物(0.2 g/kg)石油醚提取物(0.2 g/kg)BHT(0.2 g/kg)干巴菌干粉(10 g/kg)。抗氧化效果的持续时间乙醇提取物=干粉BHT石油醚提取物。乙醇提取物还原能力、清除羟基自由基能力低于BHT,清除DPPH自由基的能力高于BHT,用清除DPPH自由基能力反映抗油脂氧化是合理的。     

微波法提取荷叶黄酮及抗氧化作用研究

本文研究了乙醇水溶液结合微波照射浸提荷叶黄酮及其抗氧化作用。试验结果表明:以乙醇体积比为50%、微波2m in、料液比1:30、微波功率420W,在此条件下黄酮的提取率为4.08%;另一方面,0.05%荷叶黄酮对猪油有显著的抗氧化作用,其抗氧化能力在相同条件下高于茶多酚和抗坏血酸(Vc)。     

鹰嘴豆抗氧化多肽与其它抗氧化剂的协同作用

[研究目的]以还原能力和超氧阴离子抑制率为抗氧化指标,确定鹰嘴豆抗氧化多肽与其它抗氧化剂(VE、VC及BHT)的协同抗氧化作用.[方法]以酶解法制备鹰嘴豆抗氧化多肽,用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定鹰嘴豆抗氧化多肽及其它抗氧化剂清除超氧阴离子自由基的协同效应.[结果]VE、VC在低浓度时与鹰嘴豆抗氧化多肽具有协同的还原能力,BHT与鹰嘴豆抗氧化多肽未表现出协同还原能力;VC、Ⅶ与鹰嘴豆抗氧化多肽未显示出显著抑制超氧阴离子的协同效应,但BHT与鹰嘴豆抗氧化多肽表现出明显的抑制超氧阴离子的协同效应;且所有的协同作用随添加量和作用时间的增加而增强.[结论]VE和VC对鹰嘴豆抗氧化多肽的还原能力有显著的增效作用,且VC与鹰嘴豆抗氧化多肽的协同作用较VE与之更强;BHT与鹰嘴豆抗氧化多肽表现出明显的抑制超氧阴离子的协同效应.     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。