杏果实不同发育阶段的香味组分及其变化

 采用同时蒸馏萃取和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术，对绿熟期、商熟期及完熟期等3个不同发育时期的新世纪杏果实香味组分进行了鉴定。结果表明，新世纪杏的香味共68种，主要成分为醇类、醛类、酮类、内酯类、酯类和酸类，但在果实成熟过程中，香味组分及含量差异很大。绿熟期检出香味成分35种，含量较多的有(E)-2-己烯醛、芳樟醇、α-萜品醇、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇、己醛、1-己醇；商熟期共检出香味成分45种，主要有(E)-2-己烯醛、芳樟醇、α-萜品醇、己醛、罗勒烯醇、香叶醇；完熟期共检出香味成分44种，主要包括芳樟醇、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-三烯十八酸甲酯、α-萜品醇、γ-癸内酯、(E)-2-己烯醛、γ-十二内酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸己酯。C6醛类和醇类的含量在绿熟期最高，随着果实成熟逐渐下降；而大多数萜烯醇类在商熟期含量达最高；内酯类和酮类直到商熟期才检测出；还检测出大量的酯类化合物，如乙酸丁酯、乙酸-3-己烯酯、乙酸己酯、乙酸-2-己烯酯等。除丁酸-2-己烯酯和己酸-2-己烯酯外，其它酯类的含量随着果实成熟而逐渐增多。     

7个桃品种品质测定及挥发性香气成分分析

采用固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用的方法对7个桃品种果实的挥发性香气成分进行了分析,并采用相对气味活度值判定了各品种果实的主体挥发性香气成分.结果 表明:从7个桃品种果实中共鉴定出30种挥发性香气成分,包括醛类6种、醇类5种、酯类11种、烃类2种、酮类1种、酸类4种、吡喃1种;7个桃品种果实中共有的挥发性香气成分有己醛、1-己醇、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇、2-乙基-1-已醇;春雪的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、乙酸己酯、(Z)-乙酸叶醇酯、里那醇、1-已醇;京引黄桃1号的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯;金奥的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、乙酸己酯、(Z)-乙酸叶醇酯、乙酸乙酯、里那醇;沪油018的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、乙酸己酯、(Z)-乙酸叶醇酯、(E)-2-己烯醛、乙酸异丁酯;秋燕的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛和(E)-2-己烯醛;瑰宝的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、(Z)-乙酸叶醇酯、乙酸己酯、1-己醇;中油8号的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、1-已醇、里那醇.     

7个桃品种品质测定及挥发性香气成分分析

采用固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用的方法对7个桃品种果实的挥发性香气成分进行了分析,并采用相对气味活度值判定了各品种果实的主体挥发性香气成分。结果表明:从7个桃品种果实中共鉴定出30种挥发性香气成分,包括醛类6种、醇类5种、酯类11种、烃类2种、酮类1种、酸类4种、吡喃1种;7个桃品种果实中共有的挥发性香气成分有己醛、1-己醇、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇、2-乙基-1-己醇;春雪的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、乙酸己酯、(Z)-乙酸叶醇酯、里那醇、1-己醇;京引黄桃1号的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯;金奥的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、乙酸己酯、(Z)-乙酸叶醇酯、乙酸乙酯、里那醇;沪油018的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、乙酸己酯、(Z)-乙酸叶醇酯、(E)-2-己烯醛、乙酸异丁酯;秋燕的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛和(E)-2-己烯醛;瑰宝的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、(Z)-乙酸叶醇酯、乙酸己酯、1-己醇;中油8号的主体挥发性香气成分为己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、1-己醇、里那醇。     

不同成熟期金太阳杏果实香气成分分析

采用静态顶空(SHS)固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,对商熟期及完熟期的金太阳杏果实香气组分进行了测定。结果表明,金太阳杏的香气共47种,主要成分为醇类、醛类、酮类、酯类和酸类,但在果实不同成熟期,香气组成及含量差异很大。金太阳商熟期检测出33种成分,占总峰面积的82.37%,主要香气物质为乙酸己酯、乙酸-4-己烯-1-醇酯、二羟乙酸、6-甲基-5-庚烯基-2-酮、2-己烯-1-醇(E)、1,2-邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、2-(1-甲基乙基)-环己烯、3-己烯-1-醇(Z)、3,7-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-醇、2,6,6-三甲基-1-环己烯-1-酮。完熟期共检出香气成分18种,占总峰面积的71.84%,主要包括顺-3-己烯-1-醇酯、二羟乙酸、乙酸己酯、10-苯-4,8-(甲基亚氨基亚甲基)萘-9,11-二酮、1,2,4-三甲基苯、萘、2-苯并噻吩。     

顶空固相微萃取—气质联用分析‘绿化9号’桃果实的香气成分

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)分析‘绿化9号’桃果实的香气成分。结果表明:在‘绿化9号’桃果实中共鉴定出9类69种化合物,占总峰面积的87.22%,主要是挥发性醛类、醇类、酯类、酮类和烃类化合物。(E)-2-己烯醛、4,4-′(1-甲基乙基)二苯酚、δ-十二内酯、邻苯二甲酸-1-丁基-2-(8-甲基)壬基酯、γ-癸内酯、(Z)-乙酸-3-己烯醇酯、乙酸己酯、β-紫罗兰酮等相对含量在1%以上的成分占芳香物质总量的83.71%,是‘绿化9号’桃果实的主要香气成分。乙酸-2-甲基环戊酯、丁二酸-二(2-甲基)乙酯等在桃果实中首次报道的物质,可能是‘绿化9号’桃果实的特有香气成分。     

两个品种苹果果皮和果肉中香气成分的比较

采用顶空固相微萃取法和气相色谱质谱联用仪对‘元帅’和‘长富2号’苹果果皮和果肉的香气成分进行了分析.结果表明:‘元帅’苹果主要香气成分为2-己烯醛、己醛、乙酸-2-甲基-1-丁酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、1-己醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、(E)-乙酸-2-己烯-1-醇酯、(E,E)-2,4-己二烯醛、乙酸丁酯和1-丁醇;‘长富2号’苹果主要香气成分为乙酸-2-甲基-1-丁酯、2-己烯醛、己醛、乙酸己酯、2-甲基-1-丁醇、(E,E)-2,4-己二烯醛、1-己醇、2-甲基丁酸己酯和5-乙基-2(5H)-呋喃酮;根据香气成分的种类及含量,可将‘元帅’和‘长富2号’划为‘酯香型’苹果中的‘乙酸酯型’;2个品种苹果果皮中的香气成分种类多于果肉中的香气成分种类.     

两种砧木对布鲁克斯大樱桃果实芳香成分的影响

为研究考特和吉塞拉作为砧木对甜樱桃果实香气成分的影响,采用顶空微萃取技术提取成熟期果实的香气成分,经气相色谱质谱联用仪进行测定分析.不鲁克斯甜樱桃的香气成分共检测到61种,主要成分为醛类、醇类和酯类.从布鲁克斯(吉塞拉)中检测出38种香气成分占总峰面积的59.66%,相对百分含量较高的是乙醇、乙酸己酯、1-乙基-3-甲基苯、苯乙烯、1,2,3-三甲基苯.从布鲁克斯(考特)中检测出30种香气成分占总峰面积的64.74%,相对百分含量较高的是乙醇、(E)2-己烯-1-醇、3-异丁基-6-烯-1-辛醇、乙酸己酯.吉塞拉和考特作为砧木对布鲁克斯甜樱桃果实中香气成分的影响较明显,在香气种类上吉塞拉砧木具有明显优势.(E)2.己烯-1-醇、己醛、乙酸己酯、(E)-丁酸-2-己烯酯、3-异丁基-6-烯-1-辛醇是不鲁克斯甜樱桃成熟果实的特征香气成分.     

顶空固相微萃取一气质联用分析‘绿化9号’桃果实的香气成分

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱质谱联用技术（HS-SPME—GC—MS）分析‘绿化9号’桃果实的香气成分。结果表明：在‘绿化9号’桃果实中共鉴定出9类69种化合物，占总峰面积的87．22％，主要是挥发性醛类、醇类、酯类、酮类和烃类化合物。（E）-2-己烯醛、4，4′-（1-甲基乙基）二苯酚、δ-十二内酯、邻苯二甲酸-1-丁基-2-（8-甲基）壬基酯、γ-癸内酯、（Z）-乙酸-3-己烯醇酯、乙酸己酯、β-紫罗兰酮等相对含量在1％以上的成分占芳香物质总量的83．71％，是‘绿化9号’桃果实的主要香气成分。乙酸-2-甲基环戊酯、丁二酸-二（2-甲基）乙酯等在桃果实中首次报道的物质，可能是‘绿化9号’桃果实的特有香气成分。     

2种砧木‘红宝石’大樱桃果实芳香成分分析

【目的】比较以‘考特’和‘吉塞拉’作为砧木的‘红宝石’大甜樱桃果实香气成分的差异,为生产中大樱桃嫁接砧木的选择提供理论依据。【方法】采用顶空微萃取技术,提取2种砧木‘红宝石’大樱桃品种成熟期果实的香气成分,用气相色谱质谱联用仪对香气成分进行测定分析。【结果】从2组样品中共检测到48种香气成分,主要成分为醛类、醇类和酯类。从砧木为‘考特’的‘红宝石’大樱桃果实中共检测出27种香气成分,占总峰面积的57.90%,其中23种为其独有,相对含量较高的是乙醇、(E)2-己烯-1-醇、3-异丁基-6-烯-1-辛醇和苯甲醇。从砧木为‘吉塞拉’的‘红宝石’大樱桃果实中共检测出25种香气成分,占总峰面积的62.65%,其中21为其独有,相对含量较高的是乙醇、(E)2-己烯-1-醇、3-异丁基-6-烯-1-辛醇和乙酸己酯。【结论】不同砧木‘红宝石’大樱桃果实的香气成分差别较大。(E)2-己烯-1-醇、己醛、乙酸己酯、(E)-丁酸-2-己烯酯、3-异丁基-6-烯-1-辛醇是‘红宝石’大樱桃成熟果实的特征香气成分。     

3个杏品种果实香气顶空固相微萃取气质联用分析

对3个杏品种"金太阳"、"鲁杏1号"、"鲁杏2号"成熟期果实顶空微萃取果肉中的挥发性物质进行气相色谱—质谱分析鉴定。金太阳杏检测出33种香气成分,占总峰面积的82.37%,主要香气物质为乙酸己酯、乙酸-4-己烯-1-酯、二羟乙酸、6-甲基-5-烯基-2-庚酮;"鲁杏1号"检测出10种香气成分,占总峰面积的51.18%,主要香气物质为二羟乙酸、苯乙醇、二乙基邻苯二甲酸酯、2-苯并噻吩;"鲁杏2号"检出10种香气成分,占总峰面积的48.06%。主要香气物质为乙醇、乙酸己酯、顺-3-己烯基-乙酸酯。3个品种间香气成分和含量均存在差异,杏香气成分是杏选育评价标准的重要指标之一。     

不同果肉类型番石榴果实香气比较

果实香气是重要的果实性状之一,利用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱质谱联用技术比较了红肉型耶四季桃爷和白肉型耶珍珠桃爷番石榴果实中的挥发性组分差异。在不同果肉类型的番石榴果实中检测到40种挥发性物质袁其中酯类物质种类最多,其次为醛类和醇类物质。红肉型耶四季桃爷番石榴果实挥发性物质种类要多于白肉型耶珍珠桃爷果实,尤其酯类物质的种类和相对含量均较白肉型果实高。白肉型番石榴果实中主要以醇醛类挥发性物质为主（84%）,而红肉型番石榴果实中醇醛类物质含量为69%,酯类物质相对含量为24.37%遥己醛和2原己烯醛为两种果肉类型番石榴果实中重要的醛类物质,乙酸-3-己烯酯则是重要的酯类物质。酯类挥发性物质在不同品种果实中相对含量的不同是导致果实香气类型不同的重要原因。     

Aroma Volatile Compound Analysis of SPME Headspace and Extract Samples from Crabapple （Malus sp.） Fruit Using GC-MS

Volatile compounds from the ripened crabapple fruit of six varieties （Red Splendor, Strawberry Parfait, Pink Spire, Radiant, Sparkler, and Flame） were analyzed by the use of the SPME/GC/MS method. The changes in the volatiles between the ripened and upon full maturity fruit states were studied in Red Splendor and Strawberry Parfait. An effort was made to summarize an effective method for searching and identifying new idioplasms containing a particular fruit aroma within Malus. A total of 37 compounds were identified from the sample. The main aroma volatiles of the six varieties of fruit were comprised of 2-hexenal, 3-hexenal, hexanal, 2,4-hexadienal, benzaldehyde, diethyl phtbalate. The main volatile compound of the crabapple fruit was 2-hexenal, but the relative content percentages were different （45.37, 21.98, 33.56, 32.21, 38.60, and 45.88%）. The aroma components accumulated differently as the fruits ripened. The relative content of aldehydes and esters decreased as alcohols increased after the Red Splendor and Strawberry Parfait fruit ripened. For Red Splendor, the main volatile was still 2-hexenal, but the relative content decreased to 42.89%, and the relative content of alcohols increased by 13.86% as aldehydes and esters declined by 12.16 and 7.18%, respectively. For Strawberry Parfait, the main volatile was changed to cyclohexanol, and the relative content increased to 46.43%, while the relative content of alcohols increased by 49.03% as aldehydes and esters declined by 23.74 and 9.34%, respectively.     

Aroma Volatile Compound Analysis of SPME Headspace and Extract Samples from Crabapple (Malus sp.) Fruit Using GC-MS

Volatile compounds from the ripened crabapple fruit of six varieties (Red Splendor, Strawberry Parfait, Pink Spire, Radiant, Sparkler, and Flame) were analyzed by the use of the SPME/GC/MS method. The changes in the volatiles between the ripened and upon full maturity fruit states were studied in Red Splendor and Strawberry Parfait. An effort was made to summarize an effective method for searching and identifying new idioplasms containing a particular fruit aroma within Malus. A total of 37 compounds were identified from the sample. The main aroma volatiles of the six varieties of fruit were comprised of 2-hexenal, 3-hexenal, hexanal, 2,4-hexadienal, benzaldehyde, diethyl phthalate. The main volatile compound of the crabapple fruit was 2-hexenal, but the relative content percentages were different (45.37, 21.98, 33.56, 32.21, 38.60, and 45.88%). The aroma components accumulated differently as the fruits ripened. The relative content of aldehydes and esters decreased as alcohols increased after the Red Splendor and Strawberry Parfait fruit ripened. For Red Splendor, the main volatile was still 2-hexenal, but the relative content decreased to 42.89%, and the relative content of alcohols increased by 13.86% as aldehydes and esters declined by 12.16 and 7.18%, respectively. For Strawberry Parfait, the main volatile was changed to cyclohexanol, and the relative content increased to 46.43%, while the relative content of alcohols increased by 49.03% as aldehydes and esters declined by 23.74 and 9.34%, respectively.     

肥城桃果实不同发育时期的香气组分及其变化

以21年生‘白里’肥城桃为研究材料,运用气–质联用技术(GC–MS),对肥城桃果实绿熟期、白熟期和完熟期的香气组分及其含量变化进行研究。结果表明,在果实中共检测到63种香气成分,这些香气物质主要为醛类、醇类、酯类和内酯类化合物。醛类物质主要为C6醛类和芳香醛类化合物;醇类物质主要为C6醇类和C5醇类化合物,芳香醇类化合物含量极少,C6醇类化合物含量随果实成熟逐渐降低。随果实的成熟,酯类物质的含量迅速上升,这主要是由乙酸乙酯含量增加所致。γ–己内酯、γ–庚内酯、δ–辛内酯仅在白熟期和完熟期能检测到。己醛、(Z)–3–己烯醛、(E,E)–2,4–己二烯醛、2–环己烯–1–醇是未成熟果实的特征香气成分;(E)–2–己烯醛、乙酸乙酯、γ–己内酯、γ–庚内酯、δ–辛内酯是成熟果实的特征香气成分。     

贵州高海拔区3个苹果品种果实挥发性物质成分分析

【目的】研究西南高海拔区苹果果实挥发性物质含量,明确不同品种果实挥发性物质特征,为高海拔区苹果品质调控及培育不同香气特征苹果种质提供依据。【方法】采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）结合气相色谱—质谱联用技术（GC-MS）,检测3个产自威宁的苹果（烟富3、王林和维纳斯黄金）果实中挥发性物质,并对其挥发性物质成分特征及其差异进行分析比较。【结果】 3个品种果实共鉴定出挥发性物质93种,其中,酯类19种,醛类11种,酮类11种,醇类5种,酯类和酮类挥发性物质相对含量较高,分别占总含量的54.73%~58.06%和18.58%~20.13%。乙酸2-甲基丁酯、（E,E）-2,4-己烯醛、3-己醛和2-甲基-1-丁醇是烟富3成熟果实的特征性香气物质,相对含量分别依次占总含量的1.15%~3.32%、0.08%~0.15%、0.03%~0.12%和0.03%~0.42%; 2-甲基丁酸己酯、丁酸己酯、2-甲基丁酸丁酯、苯甲醛和1-己醇是王林成熟果实的特征性香气物质,相对含量分别占总含量的0.31%~2.18%、0.20%~0.98%、0.09%~0.32%、0.06%~0.11%和0.30%~1.01%;乙酸己酯、乙酸戊酯、反式-2-己烯基乙酸酯、己醛和1-辛醇是维纳斯黄金成熟果实的特征性香气物质,相对含量分别占总含量的0.42%~2.38%、0.05%~0.19%、0.03%~0.17%、0.11%~0.22%和4.34%~4.73%。【结论】威宁高海拔区域烟富3、王林和维纳斯黄金3个苹果品种成熟果实均为酯香型,辛酸乙酯、庚酸乙酯、2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮、3-甲基-2-丁酮、乙酸2-甲基丁酯和1-辛醇可能是影响威宁高海拔区苹果香气的主要挥发性物质。     

Comparison of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction with Simultaneous Steam Distillation Extraction for the Analysis of the Volatile Constituents in Chinese Apricot

Volatile constituents in fully mature fruits of apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivar Xinshiji were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and simultaneous steam distillation extraction （SSDE） and then analyzed using capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 70 components were identified by HSSPME, including 20 esters, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, 5 ketones, 4 acids, 4 lactones, 3 aldehydes, and 10 miscellaneous components, with the esters being the dominant constituent. On the basis of the odor unit values, it is believed that the following compounds probably contributed to the fresh apricot odor： hexyl acetate, β-ionone, butyl acetate, （E）-2-hexenal, linalool, limonene, γ-decalactone, and hexanal. A total of 49 components were also detected by SSDE, including 13 hydrocarbons, 9 alcohols, 7 aldehydes, 9 esters, 4 ketones, 4 lactones, 2 acids, and 1 miscellaneous component, of which the monoterpene alcohols were the dominant constituents. It could be judged from the odor unit values that the following compounds were the major contributors to boiled apricot aroma： β-ionone, linalool, hexyl acetate, γ-dodecalactone, γ- decalactone, （E）-2-hexenal, hexanal, γ-octalactone, phenylacetaldehyde, butyl acetate, limonene, α-terpineol, and δ-decalactone. The results show that HS-SPME is a simple, rapid, and solvent-free method, which is an alternative to the classical SSDE.     

高丛越橘果实香气成分不同发育阶段的变化

 【目的】了解高丛越橘果实香气成分不同发育阶段的变化特点,为进一步探讨高丛越橘香气成分合成机理提供基本资料,为高丛越橘品质调控提供理论依据。【方法】采用静态顶空和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对绿色期、粉色期和蓝色期的高丛越橘品种都克和蓝丰的果实香气成分进行检测。【结果】高丛越橘果实在3个发育时期共检测出48种挥发性成分,以醇类、酯类、萜类物质为主,其中酯类物质在粉色期开始形成。都克果实蓝色期为酯类物质迅速形成期,蓝丰蓝色期为醇类物质迅速形成期,粉色期为酯类物质迅速形成期。萜类物质含量随着果实的发育逐渐增高,其中都克果实的萜类物质在各个发育期均明显高于蓝丰。两个品种特征香气成分在粉色期开始形成。在整个发育期中,都克的特征香气成分为丁酸乙酯、大马酮、2-甲基丁酸乙酯、β-芳樟醇、D-柠檬烯和2-丁酮。蓝丰的特征香气成分为2-甲基丁酸乙酯、乙酸-(E)-3-己烯酯、β-芳樟醇、丁酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、(E)-2-己烯醛、(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇和D-柠檬烯。酯类和萜类物质是高丛越橘发育过程中最主要的特征香气成分。【结论】高丛越橘果实香气成分主要在粉色期和蓝色期形成,对这两个时期进行调控,对于提高其品质具有重要意义。     

基于感官评价及GC-MS结合OPLS-DA分析热杀菌对蟠桃汁呈香品质的影响

【目的】 通过解析热杀菌对蟠桃汁呈香物质的影响,结合多元统计模型探究热杀菌过程中蟠桃汁风味品质劣变主要靶点因素,为高品质蟠桃汁风味品质的调控提供理论基础。【方法】 以新疆4种主要的蟠桃品种（‘早露蟠’（ZLP）、‘早蟠’（ZP）、‘瑞蟠1号’（RP1）、‘瑞蟠18号’（RP18））为试材制备果汁样本,在85℃条件下加热处理30 min。利用电子鼻、描述性感官评价及GC-MS分析分别对其热杀菌前后样本的电子鼻响应值、感官特性及香气组成进行分析,在此基础上结合正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS-DA）模型中VIP值筛选蟠桃汁热杀菌前后标志性差异物。【结果】 描述性感官评价及电子鼻结果表明,4个品种蟠桃鲜汁香气虽存在差异但均呈现较高的清香、桃香、花香及果香,而热杀菌对蟠桃汁香气品质的影响极大,主要表现为清香显著下降,同时甜香、异味及蒸煮味突显。蟠桃汁的香气组成主要为酯类、内酯类、醛类、醇类、酮类、烯烃类及呋喃类物质;热杀菌后醛类（己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛）、酯类（乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯）及萜烯类物质（柠檬烯）含量显著下降,而具有不良气味属性的物质（戊醛、α-松油醇、β-大马士酮等）显著增加。由OPLS-DA模型中的S-Plot图及VIP值筛选到可区分鲜汁与热杀菌样本的10种标志性差异物,包括醛类、酯类、萜烯类3大种类物质及(E)-2-己烯醛、己醛、乙酸乙酯、苯甲醛、柠檬烯、乙酸己酯、乙酸叶醇酯7种挥发性物质,该结果验证了感官评价及GC-MS分析的准确性。【结论】 热杀菌导致蟠桃汁清香感丧失严重且产生异味及蒸煮味;己醛、(E)-2-己烯醛、苯甲醛、乙酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、柠檬烯、乙酸叶醇酯7种挥发性物质含量的下降及不良属性物质如戊醛及β-大马士酮的生成是导致热杀菌蟠桃汁清香感丧失、异味及蒸煮味产生的关键因素;基于电子鼻分析、感官评价及GC-MS检测结合PCA/OPLS-DA多元统计分析方法可以准确评价热杀菌对蟠桃汁香气轮廓的影响并追踪热杀菌蟠桃汁风味品质劣变的关键靶点因子,研究结果为后续深入探究蟠桃汁风味品质劣变机制提供了参考。     

Changes of Aroma Components in Hongdeng Sweet Cherry During Fruit Development

To study the changes of aroma components in sweet cherry during fruit development, the aroma components in sweet cherry fruit from the green stage, the color stage, the commercial stage, and the ripe stage were collected using head-space solid phase microextraction （HS-SPME）, and were analyzed using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrophotometer （GC- MS）. A total of 37 compounds were identified from the sample extracts. Aldehydes, alcohols, and esters were the major constituents. The aroma components behaved differently during the fruit developmental period. C6 aldehydes and aromatic aldehydes were the main aldehydes in the sweet cherry fruit. The contents of C6 aldehydes increased quickly to 84.16% in the color stage, then decreased as ripening proceeded, and then, the contents decreased to 59.20 and 55.58% at the commercial stage and the ripe stage, respectively. The aromatic aldehydes （benzaldehyde） increased as ripening proceeded, and the maximum was found at the ripe stage. Alcohols of sweet cherry fruit included C6 alcohols and aromatic alcohols. The content of （E）-2-hexen-l-ol increased as ripening proceeded. The maximum was found at the commercial stage; alcohol was only found at the ripe stage. Ester components included ethyl acetate, butanoic acid ethyl ester, hexanoic acid ethyl ester, which increased as the fruit ripened. Hexanal, （E）-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde, （E）-2-hexen-l-ol, ethyl acetate, and hexanoic acid ethyl ester were the characteristic aroma components of sweet cherry fruit. These aroma components started to form drastically at the color stage, and the main aroma was formed at the commercial stage, which then turned bad at the ripe stage because of the presence of alcohol. So the optimal harvest time of sweet cherry was at the commercial stage.