龙翅海棠组织培养快速繁殖体系研究

以嫩叶和茎段为外植体对龙翅海棠进行离体培养与植株再生研究,结果表明:嫩叶和茎段的最适芽诱导分化培养基为MS KT 0.5 mg/L IAA 0.2～1.0 mg/L,接种培养30～40 d;最适继代增殖培养基为MS KT 0.5 mg/L IAA 0.2 mg/L,培养时间为25 d;壮苗生根培养基为1/2 Ms NAA 0.2 mg/L IBA 0.2 mg/L 2%蔗糖 琼脂3 g/L,培养时间为15～20 d.     

不同激素配比对大马士革玫瑰茎段继代增殖和生根培养的影响

以大马士革玫瑰1 a生枝条茎段为试材,研究不同激素配比对其继代增殖和生根培养的影响。结果表明：继代增殖培养以MS（蔗糖30 g/L;琼脂6 g/L;pH 5.8）为基础培养基,激素配比6-BA 1.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.1 mg/L＋GA30.1 mg/L为宜,增殖率为3.5。生根培养以1/2MS（蔗糖30 g/L;琼脂6 g/L;pH 5.8）为基础培养基,IBA 0.5 mg/L,生根率达72.5%。     

多肉类十二卷属植物组织培养技术

为推进多肉类十二卷属植物产业发展,进行了其离体培养技术研究。结果表明,以多肉类十二卷属植物中寿锦、玉扇、万象、玉露四种类型的花梗、叶片等为外植体,经洗涤剂清洗后置流水下冲洗3 h,无菌条件下将外植体消毒杀菌,无菌水冲洗3遍后切成1 cm长或1 cm见方的茎段或方块,接种培养(培养基配方为MS+BA 2.0 mg+NAA 0.2 mg+活性炭1.0 g/L+琼脂5 g/L+蔗糖30 g/L,pH 5.8)诱导成无菌系,继代增殖培养(培养基配方为MS+BA 0.2~1.0 mg+NAA 0.02~0.1 mg/L+琼脂5 g/L+蔗糖30g/L,pH 5.8)每30 d可增殖1次,增殖系数为1∶2.5~3,生根培养(培养基配方为1/2MS+IBA 0.2~0.3 mg/L+活性炭1.0 g/L+琼脂4.5 g/L+蔗糖20 g/L,pH 5.8)的生根率可达98%左右,试管苗经炼苗后成活率高达99%以上。     

辣椒茎段离体扦插快繁技术研究

利用五彩椒茎尖培养进行快速繁殖周期短(40～50d),且不存在基因型的差异,但增殖系数较低(每周期扩大1倍)。为了进一步扩大繁殖系数,克服其他外植体培养过程中基因型的影响,利用牛角椒的无菌种苗进行了辣椒茎段培养,筛选出了适宜的诱导茎段萌芽培养基和生根培养基。这两种培养基应用在不同来源的彩色辣椒无菌苗茎段,结果同牛角椒培养结果相似。最终试验结果表明适宜辣椒茎段离体扩繁的培养基为MS无机盐 改良MS有机物 NAA0.1mg/L IAA0.2mg/L CH400g/L AgNO33.5mg/L 蔗糖30g/L 琼脂7g/L和MS无机盐 改良MS有机物 IAA0.5mg/L GA30.25mg/L CH400g/L AgNO33.5mg/L 蔗糖30g/L 琼脂7g/L;生根培养基为MS无机盐 B5有机物 NAA0.1mg/L IAA0.2mg/L AC0.2% 蔗糖30g/L 琼脂7g/L。利用茎段培养不仅大大缩短培养周期,而且可以克服基因型的影响,扩大繁殖系数,提高种苗生产的效率。     

豆梨低玻璃化组培快繁技术

以豆梨的茎段为外植体进行离体繁殖体系研究,探讨4种基本培养基(MS、AS、NN69、WPM)及6-BA、NAA不同配比对豆梨组织培养增殖率的影响.试验结果表明,豆梨组培苗的适宜增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.6mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L;适宜的培养方式为,在MS+6-BA 0.6 mg/L+ NAA 0.2 mg/L培养基上继代2次后转到空白培养基继代培养1次;适宜生根培养基为1/2MS+ IBA 1.5 mg/L.     

蔓生吊钟海棠的快繁体系

本试验采用蔓生吊钟海棠幼嫩的叶片和顶芽以及带侧芽的茎切段作为外植体,进行离体培养,筛选出愈伤组织诱导培养基MS+BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L;胚状体诱导培养基为MS;继代培养基为MS+BA 2.0mg/L+NAA0.2mg/L;微型扦插培养基为MS+BA 2.0mg/L+IAA 0.1mg/L(BA和KT循环使用);壮苗生根培养基为1/2MS.培养基中均加蔗糖30g/L,琼脂7g/L,pH值5.8.繁殖周期35～45d,年增殖率可达2×101 2以上.     

无患子优选树茎段离体培养体系的建立

【目的】筛选无患子茎段离体快繁最佳培养基,建立无患子优良种苗快速繁育体系。【方法】以野外选优获得的无患子树带腋芽茎段为外植体,采用L9(33)正交试验对影响外植体灭菌的HgCl2浓度、HgCl2与酒精的作用时间,不定芽诱导萌发中的6-BA、NAA及蔗糖用量,继代增殖中6-BA与KT用量和芽苗生根中的MS培养基无机盐水平、6-BA和2,4-D用量进行优化。【结果】75%酒精浸泡1 min,再用0.2% HgCl2处理7 min是无患子茎段灭菌的最佳方法,其外植体成活率高达83.33%;MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+20.0 g/L蔗糖是无患子茎段腋芽萌发的适宜培养基,诱导率高达96.67%;MS+0.7 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L KT是无患子茎段腋芽增殖的适宜培养基,30 d可增殖4.13倍;1/3 MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.7 mg/L 2,4-D是诱导芽苗生根的适宜培养基,平均生根率为41.50%。【结论】建立的无患子离体培养体系为:外植体茎段用75%酒精浸泡1 min,再用0.2% HgCl2灭菌7 min,在MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+20.0 g/L蔗糖培养基中诱导腋芽萌发,在MS+0.7 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L KT培养基中进行增殖培养,在1/3MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.7 mg/L 2,4-D培养基中进行生根培养。     

苦楝组培快繁技术优化试验

为解决苦楝组织培养中出现的芽苗玻璃化、叶黄化、愈伤组织异常等问题,以苦楝半年生种子实生苗带腋芽茎段和茎尖为外植体,诱导出无菌芽,进行培养方法改进及培养基优化对比试验。结果表明：适宜的芽诱导培养基是MS+0.4 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L IBA+30 g/L蔗糖+3.5 g/L琼脂;最佳继代增殖培养基是改良MS+0.8 mg/L6-BA+0.3 mg/L KT+0.3 mg/L IBA+1 g/L花宝1号+40 g/L蔗糖+3.8 g/L琼脂,增殖系数达到3.93;适宜的生根培养基是1/2 MS+0.6 mg/L ABT 6号+0.2 mg/L NAA+15 g/L蔗糖+3.2 g/L琼脂,平均生根率达到93.56%。     

一品红的组织培养及快速繁殖

以一品红(Eupgorbia Pulcherrima)的茎段和茎尖为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,设计不同的试验,探讨了离体条件下影响一品红增殖的若干因素,建立了其离体快繁技术体系。结果表明:激素组合、糖浓度等因素能影响一品红离体增殖。适宜一品红无菌苗高效增殖的培养基为MS BA0.5mg/L NAA0.2mg/L 6%蔗糖;在1/2MS IBA0.5mg/L NAA0.5mg/L 3%蔗糖的生根培养基上,无菌苗生根率为75.4%。小苗移栽容易成活,成活率可达95.1%。     

虎舌红茎尖高频再生体系的建立

以虎舌红(Ardisia mamillata Hance)幼嫩茎尖为外植体,采用正交设计及方差分析对影响虎舌红植株离体培养的因素进行了优化研究。结果表明:最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS 2,4-D0.7mg/L 6-BA0.2mg/L 蔗糖28g/L 琼脂6.0g/L;不定芽诱导最佳培养基为MS NAA0.2mg/L CPPU0.4mg/L 蔗糖30g/L 琼脂6.0g/L,分化率为96%,增殖率为5.5;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS NAA0.4mg/L IBA0.3mg/L 蔗糖26g/L 琼脂5.0g/L,生根率为93%。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。