红掌帚梗柱孢叶枯病菌的鉴定

红掌真菌性叶枯病是近几年在海南新发现的一种病害,在红掌病害中较严重。田间症状是多从叶缘发病,发病初期叶片出现水渍状褪绿病斑,病斑周围有黄晕,后期叶片大面积枯萎,甚至致植株枯死。从中国热带农业科学院周边采集红掌叶枯病病叶,对该病菌进行分离培养。通过对该病原菌的形态鉴定以及r DNA-ITS序列分析,确定引起该病害的病原菌为苞叶芋帚梗柱孢菌(Cylindrocladium spathiphylli Schouties,El-GhollAlfieri)。此病原菌引起红掌叶枯病在国内为首次报道。     

滁菊的常见病虫害防治方法

滁菊的常见病害主要是叶枯病和枯萎病,常见虫害主要是棉蚜虫和菊天牛. 1叶枯病 4月上旬开始发生,一直危害到菊花收获.发病初期,叶片上出现圆形或椭圆形大小不一的紫褐色病斑,后期发展为小黑点,严重时整个叶片变黑枯死.     

保护地西芹病害的识别与综合防治技术

一、西芹主要病害的识别 (一)西芹斑枯病又称叶枯病.主要为害叶片、叶柄和茎,病窖一般从老叶开始发生,后逐渐向其他部位蔓延.发病初期在叶片上形成淡褐色油漫状小圆斑,逐渐发展为不规则形病斑,边缘明显,中央为灰白色或黄白色,周围常有黄色晕圈,后期在病斑上散生小黑点.叶柄和茎受害,病斑为长圆形,呈灰褐色,稍凹陷,中部散生小黑点,发病严重时,叶片早衰千枯,植株生长受阻,株高降低,叶柄腐烂.     

水稻病害的发生与防治

正1.水稻白叶枯病水稻白叶枯病是水稻中、后期的重要病害之一,发病轻重及对水稻影响的大小与发病早迟有关,抽穗前发病对产量影响较大。1.1发病症状:白叶枯病主要在叶子上表现症状,有叶缘型和凋萎型。叶缘型常见于分蘖末期至孕穗期发生,病菌多从水孔侵入,病斑从叶尖或叶缘开始发生黄褐或暗绿色短条斑,沿叶脉上、下扩展,病、健交界处有时呈波纹状,以后叶片变为灰白色或黄色而枯死。籼稻病斑为黄褐色,为灰     

保护地西芹病害的识别与综合防治技术

一、西芹主要病害的识别 （一）西芹斑枯病又称叶枯病。主要为害叶片、叶柄和茎，病害一般从老叶开始发生，后逐渐向其他部位蔓延。发病初期在叶片上形成淡褐色油浸状小圆斑，逐渐发展为不规则形病斑，边缘明显，中央为灰白色或黄白色，周围常有黄色晕圈，后期在病斑上散生小黑点。     

水稻胡麻斑病的防治措施

水稻胡麻斑病又称水稻胡麻叶枯病。全国各稻区匀有发生。从秧苗期至收获期均可发病,稻株地上部均可受害,以叶片为多,是引起晚稻后期穗枯的主要病害之一。胡麻斑病在我国水稻种植区虽在一定范围内有所发生,但一般不足以造成严重损失。一般由于缺肥、缺水等原因,引起水稻生长不良时发病严重,山区冷浸稻田和晚稻秧苗发生较多。主要引起叶片早     

黑玉米的栽培管理和利用(2)

<正>5病虫害5.1病害5.1.1大、小斑病(斑点病、南方叶枯病)5.1.1.1症状主要发生在叶片上,也侵染叶鞘和苞叶。整个生育期内均可发生,但以抽雄后发病重。小病斑在叶片上发生早,初期叶面上产生褐色水渍状斑点,以后逐渐扩展为近椭圆形黄褐色病斑,边缘紫褐色,明显,有时有2~3圈同心轮纹。潮湿时病斑上产生灰黑色霉状物。5.1.1.2病原菌玉蜀黍平脐孺孢[Exsero-     

稻病虫害防治技术

正1.白叶病:是一种传播很快的病害,目前许多稻区还没有这个病,所以它被定为国内植物检疫的对象。稻株感染白叶枯病后,在叶尖或叶缘发生绿色或暗绿色斑,病斑沿中脉或叶缘扩展,形成界限分明的病斑。病斑沿叶片枯死后呈灰白色,因此叫白叶枯病。一般在水稻中下部叶片先     

襄城县2008年玉米褐斑病的发生特点与防治对策

一、症状 玉米褐斑病主要发生在玉米叶片、叶鞘及茎秆,先在顶部叶片的尖端发生,以叶和叶鞘交接处病斑最多,常密集成行,最初为黄褐色或红褐色小斑点,病斑为圆形或椭圆形到线形,隆起附近的叶组织常呈红色,小病斑常汇集在一起,严重时叶片上出现几段甚至全部布满病斑,在叶鞘上和叶脉上出现较大的褐色斑点,发病后期病斑表皮破裂,叶细胞组织呈坏死状,散出褐色粉末(病原菌的孢子囊),病叶局部散裂,叶脉和维管束残存如丝状.     

温室芹菜病害的综合防治

芹菜斑枯病是由真菌引起的芹菜斑枯病又名晚疫病、叶枯病.温室芹菜发病严重.不仅在芹菜生长期间危害,而且在芹菜采收后及贮运和销售过程中继续危害,造成损失.芹菜斑枯病主要危害叶片,其次危害茎和叶柄. 1发病症状 在叶片上,病斑初为淡褐色油浸状小斑点,扩大后,病斑外缘黄褐色,中间黄白色至灰白色,边缘明显,病斑上有许多黑色小粒点,即病原菌的分生孢子器,病斑外常有一黄色晕环.     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

大棚金针菇栽培中的关键技术

金针菇栽培方式大多选用大棚栽培,大棚栽培金针菇比较方便,所需条件不是很高,栽培过程中湿度、温度、光照等条件均易于控制。在实际栽培过程中,探讨大棚栽培金针菇的关键技术,避免错误操作影响产量。从菌株、配方的选择、栽培袋的制作、灭菌、接种、培养、出菇、病虫害防治等方面论述了金针菇大棚栽培的关键技术,阐述了大棚栽培金针菇整个过程中需要注意的地方,以及一些栽培要领,为广大金针菇栽培户提供有价值的技术参考意见。