荻蛀茎夜蛾生物学特性及防治方法研究初报

荻蛀茎夜蛾(Sesamia SP. )是我省危害荻的重要害虫,以幼虫钻蛀茎秆。不防治的田块,荻枯心率一般在30％左右,严重影响荻的产量和质量。作者于1986～1987年在金湖县对该虫的生物学特性及防治方法进行了试验观察。 一、生活史 据室内饲养观察和田间调查资料,荻蛀茎夜蛾在金湖县一年发生一代,以幼虫越夏和越冬。越冬幼虫3月下旬开始化蛹,成虫4月下旬至5月中旬羽化,5月间产卵,幼虫5～6月危害取食,6月中下旬发育至五龄后开始转蛀到荻茎秆的下部越夏,然后在表土下的茎秆中过冬(表1)。     

稻秆潜蝇的生物学与生态学特性研究

稻秆潜蝇在重庆市已由次要害虫上升为主要害虫,该虫在重庆地区1年发生3代,以第3代幼虫越冬.越冬代幼虫在3月下旬化蛹,4月中旬至下旬为第1代成虫期,5月上旬为产卵期.5月上旬至6月上旬为第1代幼虫期,6月上旬至下旬为蛹期.第2代成虫期为6月下旬至7月中旬,7月上、中旬为产卵期,7月中旬至8月上旬为幼虫期,8月上旬至下旬为蛹期.第3代成虫期为9月上旬至下旬,并迁至越冬寄主上产卵,10月初至11月底孵化为幼虫进入越冬期.成虫羽化后1～2 h即可交配,但多数于羽化后1～3 d才交配.交尾后越冬代于4～9 d,第2代于3～7 d后产卵,一般1叶仅产1卵,偶有数粒.单雌产卵量2～81粒不等.成虫寿命为20 d左右.     

宁波地区旋皮夜蛾的生物学特性研究

旋皮夜蛾Eligma narcissus(Gramer,1775),宁波区域年发生3代,极少数不完整4代,世代重叠,以蛹于茧中越冬。翌年4月下旬至5月下旬成虫羽化,各代的幼虫发生期分别为:5月上旬至6月下旬、7月上旬至9月中旬、9月上旬至11月中旬,10月上旬老熟幼虫陆续结茧越冬。如若气温高,早期化蛹可羽化成虫,但随着时间的推移,严冬臭椿落叶,幼虫无生存条件。     

稻秆潜蝇的生物学与生态学特性研究

稻秆潜蝇在重庆市巳由次要害虫上升为主要害虫,该虫在重庆地区1年发生3代,以第3代幼虫越冬。越冬代．幼虫在3月下旬化蛹,4月中旬至下旬为第1代成虫期,5月上旬为产卵期。5月上旬至6月上旬为第1代幼虫期,6月上旬至下旬为蛹期。第2代成虫期为6月下旬至7月中旬,7月上、中旬为产卵期,7月中旬至8月上旬为幼虫期,8月上旬至下旬为蛹期。第3代成虫期为9月上旬至下旬,并迁至越冬寄主上产卵,10月初至11月底孵化为幼虫进入越冬期。成虫羽化后1—2h即可交配,但多数于羽化后1—3d才交配。更尾后越冬代于4—9d,第2代于3—7d后产卵,一般1叶仅产1卵,偶有数粒。单雌产卵量2—81粒不等。成虫寿命为20d左右。     

浙南地区甜菜夜蛾发生规律与测报技术

通过4年研究,明确了甜菜夜蛾在浙南地区大田一年发生5~6代,第6代为不完全代,越冬蛹在设施栽培蔬菜地越冬。4月下旬~5月初陆续羽化,6月上旬~7月上旬为大田第1代,7月上旬~8月上旬为大田第2代,8月上旬~8月底为大田第3代,9月初~9月下旬为大田第4代,10月初~10月下旬为大田第5代,11月上旬~翌年4月下旬为大田第6代,为不完全代。一年中在6月中下旬7、月中下旬、8月中旬、9月中旬有明显发蛾高峰。研究还明确了甜菜夜蛾不同世代不同虫态的发育历期,并利用历期法对甜菜夜蛾发生期进行预测,利用黑光灯发蛾量对甜菜夜蛾的发生程度进行预测预报。     

玉米螟的防治方法

玉米螟又叫玉米钻心虫,是危害玉米的主要虫害之一。前期幼虫钻蛀叶片,啃食叶肉,形成花叶,影响光合作用,穗期危害,常使穗部发育不全,茎秆折断,造成玉米减产。一、发生及危害规律玉米螟在我省1年发生2代,以幼虫在茎秆内越冬,其次在果穗内和玉米茬内越冬。玉米螟化蛹始期在4月下旬一5月中旬,盛期在5月下旬,成虫羽化始期在5月下旬,盛期在6月上旬,第1代卵开始出现在6月上旬,盛期在6月中下旬,第1     

陕西安康地区松墨天牛生活史研究初报

松墨天牛在安康市多数一年发生1代,占62.34%,该类群以5龄幼虫或蛹在树干木质部蛀道内过冬。少数二年3代,约占总数的37.66%,以3龄以下幼虫在韧皮下越冬。一年一代种群成虫每年5月上中旬开始羽化,7月上中旬是羽化高峰,8月上旬幼虫孵化,危害至10月份越冬。二年3代种群越冬幼虫第二年4月中下旬化蛹,5月上中旬羽化,6月上中旬为产卵盛期,6月中旬为幼虫孵化盛期,8月中旬化蛹,9月上旬羽化,9月中下旬幼虫孵化后开始危害,最迟11月上旬后以3龄左右幼虫越冬。陕南秦巴山区越冬松墨天牛成虫羽化始见期在5月上中旬,年末终见期为10月下旬。     

河北省二点委夜蛾的发生规律研究

二点委夜蛾是2005年在河北省新发现的玉米害虫,近年来在我国夏玉米种植区发生日趋严重。由于该虫发现时间短,因此可以借鉴的资料有限。2005年以来,作者对河北省二点委夜蛾的发生规律进行了持续研究,目前澄清了年发生世代和幼虫为害习性。在河北省,二点委夜蛾全年发生4代：越冬代成虫4月中旬～5月底,1代成虫6月～7月上旬,2代成虫7月上中旬～8月上中旬,3代成虫8月下旬～10月中旬;幼虫主害期为夏玉米苗期（6月～7月上旬）,7月下旬以后对玉米损害不大。幼虫对玉米苗的为害方式主要是咬食茎基部和根部,破坏输导组织,从而导致植株萎蔫甚至死亡。幼虫对高温敏感,田间湿度大时有利于该虫的发生。二点委夜蛾幼虫的天敌是蚂蚁。     

山楂梨星毛虫发生危害及田间药效防治试验研究

梨星毛虫在豫西地区1a发生1~2代。1代区幼虫发生期为4月上旬至8月中旬,发生高峰期在5月中旬至6月上旬和7月份;2代区幼虫发生期为4月初到10月上旬,发生高峰期在5月上旬和8月上、中旬。1代区幼虫危害期为4月上旬至8月底,危害高峰期在5月下旬至6月上旬和7月中、下旬;2代区幼虫危害期为4月初到10月中旬,危害高峰期在5月上旬和8月中旬至9月上旬。药剂试验结果表明,20%杀铃脲EC 5 000倍的防效最好,7d的防治效果为100%;其次是5%灭幼脲4号EC 2000倍,7d的防治效果为98.63%。     

竹篦舟蛾发生危害的影响因素及其防治

竹篦舟蛾在我县1年发生4代,以幼虫在竹林竹株上缀叶为苞而越冬。翌年3月上旬出蛰取食,4月中旬越冬幼虫老熟化鲡,成虫于5月上旬羽化,第一代成虫6月下旬出现,第二代成虫8月中、下旬出现,第三代成虫9月下旬,第四代幼虫10月发生,危害至11月上、中旬越冬。根据生物学特性。采取合理的防治措施。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。