吉林省粮食生产的结构变动与比较优势分析

在分析吉林省农业生产结构变动过程的基础上，采用显示性比较优势指标，分析了全省粮食生产的比较优势，为全省粮食生产结构调整提供了科学依据，并研究了全省粮食生产结构调整的对策。     

我国主要粮食作物生产能力区域比较优势分析

中国粮食生产历经几次波动后，现在总产处于下滑阶段。为实现粮食总体水平的增长，着力点应放在主要作物和重点地区上。文章应用基于产量优势指数和规模优势指数的综合优势指数法对中国1999—2003年主要粮食作物生产能力进行比较优势分析，确定了水稻、小麦、玉米和大豆的产量优势区、规模优势区和综合优势区。最后对每个省份进行综合优势作物相对优势比较，指出各省份最具相对优势的主要粮食作物。通过分析可知中国粮食生产区域比较优势存在较大的差异，各地应按照比较优势原理进行结构调整，以发挥粮食生产的区域比较优势。     

广西区域粮食生产特征及其优势度分析

采用《广西壮族自治区土地利用总体规划》对广西的区域划分方案,将广西划分为桂东、桂西、桂南、桂北、桂中地区五大区域,并从粮食播种面积呈下降趋势与粮食产量呈上升趋势2个方面阐述了粮食生产的区域变化特征。依据《广西统计年鉴》相关数据,采用综合比较优势指数法,剖析了广西各区域粮食生产的比较优势。结果表明,桂东和桂北地区综合优势度指数最高,优势度指数增加量较小,粮食生产优势正在逐步减弱,粮食生产重心正向桂中和桂南地区转移。为解决广西粮食生产中遇到的问题,提出各区域应该发挥农业生产比较优势,进行农业生产结构调整,以期实现农业生产的合理布局和专业化农业生产。     

对我国南方双季稻主产区粮食生产结构调整的思考

本文在区域比较优势分析的基础上,结合资源禀赋和市场需求,提出了一些新的粮食生产结构调整的建议.     

WTO背景下中国粮食生产波动分析

加入WTO后国际粮食市场对国内粮食生产波动的短期影响主要是通过价格机制传导的。由于中国粮食生产的特点，从粮食价格下降直接推测粮食生产下降是失之偏颇的。从粮食生产波动原因，粮食贸易与粮食生产波动的关系，农业结构调整等方面研究了中国粮食生产波动问题。     

河南省优势粮食作物生产空间布局研究

【目的】探究河南省优势粮食作物生产空间布局,确定粮食作物生产优劣分区,为优化河南省粮食生产的空间布局、调整粮食结构发展方向提供理论支持。【方法】基于2011—2020年粮食生产数据,利用重心模型、标准差椭圆研究河南省优势粮食作物生产格局变化,再借助比较优势指数法对水稻、小麦、玉米和大豆进行比较优势分析,通过比较优势指数对河南省18个市在粮食生产力和生产规模方面进行分析,从而确定优劣粮食产区。【结果】(1)水稻和玉米生产重心往东南方向迁移,小麦生产重心往西南方向迁移,大豆生产重心往西北方向迁移,优势粮食作物自北向南呈现出“小麦-玉米-大豆-水稻”的分布格局。水稻生产空间变化呈现向南集聚的趋势,小麦呈现向东南集聚的趋势,大豆呈现向西北集聚的趋势。(2)河南省优势粮食作物生产存在明显的比较优势差异。小麦生产具有明显的比较优势,水稻和大豆具有明显的比较劣势。(3)河南省水稻优势产区2个,小麦优势产区10个,玉米优势产区14个,大豆优势产区11个。【结论】在保证粮食作物播种面积不变的基础上还要通过加大粮食生产的投入力度来提高粮食作物单位面积产量,从而实现农业资源利用最大化;因地制宜,合理调整河南...     

关于秦皇岛市农业结构调整的思考

农业结构调整是实现农业增产、农民增收的重要途径。为了正确指导加入WTO后秦皇岛市农业结构的有效调整,通过对秦皇岛市农业生产现状的具体分析,指出了秦皇岛市农业结构调整的重点发展方向:(1)调整粮食生产布局,发展优势特色粮食品种;(2)发挥区域生产优势,做大做强果品、蔬菜产业;(3)培育龙头企业,进一步带动优势产业的发展。     

云南与中南半岛国家粮食贸易研究

在简述我国云南省及中南半岛5国的粮食生产现状的基础上,根据2008—2018年数据,运用双边贸易结合度(TCD)及显性比较优势指数(RCA)分析了云南与中南半岛国家的粮食贸易情况。结果表明,我国同中南半岛国家的双边贸易结合度较高,尤其是与云南接壤的缅甸、老挝、越南3国,TCD数值高于泰国和柬埔寨;在粮食生产的显性比较优势指数方面,2010—2016年缅甸、老挝、越南3国的RCA平均值排在中南半岛国家的前3位。为推动云南与中南半岛国家粮食贸易健康发展,提出以下对策:边境开发区开展粮食加工贸易;准确把控与中南半岛国家粮食贸易流通的关键节点;加强种植业领域合,缓解农业种植结构调整所带来的粮食供给压力。     

华北平原城郊区种植结构调整的内在动力和趋势分析

以河北藁城市为例，对华北平原城郊地区近如年种植结构特征及驱动因子等进行了系统分析。认为该区域种植结构变化与粮食生产能力提高是同步的，即逐步由发展高产作物转向发展高效作物、由传统多样化种植向单一化和专业化发展；生产条件改善、体制和需求变化是种植结构调整的基础，而比较优势是结构变化的内在动力。在内在动力和趋势分析基础上提出了该区域种植业结构调整的基本思路及支撑技术。     

安庆市粮食生产调整优化现状及效果分析

该文分析了安庆市粮油生产、基地、品牌现状及粮食种植结构调整带来的产品优势,总结了粮食生产调整优化的主要做法和经验,认为粮食种植结构调整不但给农民带来较好的经济效益,而且有利于提高人们的生活质量。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。