外源一氧化氮对NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗生理影响

 【目的】探明NO对NaCl胁迫下番茄（Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.）幼苗的生长和叶片氧化损伤具有保护作用。【方法】在100 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下，研究了0.05～0.8 mmol·L-1外源NO供体硝普钠 （SNP）处理对番茄幼苗生长、叶片保护酶活性和氧化损伤的影响。【结果】0.1 mmol·L-1 SNP处理缓解NaCl胁迫伤害的效果最好，显著提高了番茄幼苗生长，叶片叶绿素含量，保护酶SOD、POD、CAT、APX活性，脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量。显著降低了MDA和O2-含量。【结论】外源NO缓解番茄幼苗NaCl胁迫具有剂量效应，以0.1 mmol·L-1 SNP的效果最好，从而增强植株的耐盐性。     

外源NO供体硝普钠和镍对玉米生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

【目的】研究外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)和镍(Ni)共同作用下玉米幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的变化,为镍污染防治提供参考。【方法】以"吉农669"为供试玉米品种,以NO供体SNP和镍处理玉米幼苗,共设6个处理(1.Ni 0mmol/L+SNP 0mmol/L,对照;2.Ni 0mmol/L+SNP 0.05mmol/L;3.Ni 0mmol/L+SNP 0.1mmol/L;4.Ni 1.0mmol/L+SNP 0mmol/L;5.Ni 1.0mmol/L+SNP 0.05mmol/L;6.Ni 1.0mmol/L+SNP 0.1mmol/L),分析各处理下玉米幼苗生长生理指标和抗氧化酶活性的变化。【结果】SNP能够明显缓解由于镍所造成的玉米鲜质量、干质量下降及根系生长受阻的情况;1.0mmol/L镍(处理4)使玉米植株体内镍含量升高的同时还抑制了铁从玉米根系向地上部分的转移,导致植株地上部铁含量下降,而SNP能够缓解这种抑制作用,使植物体内镍含量降低,铁含量升高。另外,SNP可缓解镍造成的玉米叶片SPAD值下降以及过氧化氢和丙二醛含量升高,增加玉米叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)等抗氧化酶活性,且高浓度(1.0mmol/L)SNP效果较好。【结论】外源NO供体SNP能减轻镍对玉米幼苗生长所产生的伤害。     

渗透胁迫下钙对小麦胚芽鞘和根系生长的影响

 以精选冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)4185种子为试验材料，采用CaCl2、EGTA、LaCl3及Verapamil配制的溶液处理萌发24 h的小麦根系，研究其胚芽鞘及根系对渗透胁迫的不同反应。结果表明，PEG-6000（20%）诱导的渗透胁迫下，低浓度Ca2+（10-6～10-3 mol·L-1）处理小麦根系时，不同浓度处理间胚芽鞘及根系的生长无显著差异，10-2 mol·L-1的Ca2+则抑制胚芽鞘和根系的生长；EGTA（1、5、10 mmol·L-1）、LaCl3（0.5、1 mmol·L-1）和Verapamil（250、500 μmol·L-1）处理根系时，均抑制了胚芽鞘和根系的生长，这种抑制效应与提高过氧化物酶（POD）活性有密切关系。表明在渗透胁迫下，小麦对缺钙更敏感，高浓度Ca2+以及减少细胞外Ca2+和阻断Ca2+的运转，均对生长有抑制作用。     

硅对镉胁迫下水稻幼苗生长及其生理特性的影响

通过溶液培养,研究不同浓度硅(0、30、80、130、180 mg·L-1 SiO2)在4.0 mg·L-1 Cd2 浓度胁迫下对水稻幼苗生长及其部分生理特性的影响.结果表明,4.0mg·L-1 Cd2 浓度明显抑制水稻幼苗的生长;硅是通过提高水稻幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、降低根系细胞质膜透性、促进根的伸长和侧根的生长等途径减轻Cd2 对水稻幼苗的毒害,从而达到提高生物量的目的.此外,当SiO2浓度为130 mg·L-1时,上述指标均达到最佳,说明该SiO2浓度可能是缓解水稻幼苗生长的最理想浓度.     

稀土La对Cd胁迫下玉米幼苗生长影响

以盆栽法研究了Cd对玉米幼苗的伤害及La对Cd伤害的缓解效应。结果表明,0.1mmol·L-1CdCl2抑制玉米幼苗的生长和代谢,0.4mmol·L-1CdCl2的急性伤害则使叶绿素含量降低、丙二醛(MDA)含量和质膜透性增加、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高。在玉米幼苗叶面喷施La1次,能缓解Cd造成的伤害,这与La能提高玉米幼苗叶绿素含量、降低MDA含量和细胞膜透性、以及维持CAT和POD活性等多重作用相关。     

外源NO对渗透胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

【目的】探究外源NO对渗透胁迫下黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）种子萌发、幼苗生长和生理特性的作用。【方法】在25% PEG-6000胁迫下，研究0.1和0.5 mmol•L-1SNP（硝普钠）对黄瓜种子萌发、幼苗生长、叶片氧化损伤和保护酶活性的影响。【结果】0.1 mmol•L-1 SNP处理能显著缓解25%PEG-6000的胁迫伤害，使黄瓜种子萌发率提高0.24倍，发芽指数提高0.86倍，活力指数提高3.01倍；幼苗株高、根长和干重分别提高1.15，2.17和1.16倍；叶片Pro含量提高50.99%，SOD，CAT，POD和APX活性分别提高42.39%，66.58%，79.03%和116.39%，MDA含量降低80.50%。与0.1 mmol•L-1 SNP处理相比，0.5 mmol•L-1 SNP处理促进黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长，缓解叶片氧化损伤和提高保护酶活性的作用明显或显著降低。【结论】0.1 mmol•L-1 SNP能显著促进渗透胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长，明显缓解叶片氧化损伤，显著提高SOD等保护酶活性；0.5 mmol•L-1 SNP的有效作用减弱，甚至抑制SOD活性。     

铅胁迫与黄瓜幼苗生长及内源激素关系的研究

通过试验利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对黄瓜幼苗内源激素进行了测定探索,并研究了铅胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长及内源激素的影响.结果表明(1)HPLC法测定黄瓜幼苗内源激素的最佳条件为以甲醇、水和2%醋酸为流动相,采用浓度梯度洗脱;(2)低于200mg·L-1铅处理促进黄瓜幼苗生长;300～900 mg·L-1铅处理抑制黄瓜幼苗生长,其抑制作用随铅质量浓度增加而强化,高质量浓度铅处理能诱导不定根形成;(3)根中的脱落酸含量随铅质量浓度的增加而增加,叶和根中玉米素含量随铅质量浓度增加而下降;(4)生长素脱落酸(IAA/ABA)比值高于对照值对幼苗生长具有激活效应,IAA/ABA比值低于对照值则抑制幼苗生长,表现为毒害效应,此比值可以作为抗重金属毒害的指标之一.     

外源一氧化氮对铅胁迫下玉米幼苗的缓解作用

为探讨Pb胁迫下外源一氧化氮（NO）对玉米幼苗伤害的缓解作用,利用室内盆栽试验研究了外源NO供体硝普钠（SNP）对铅（Pb）处理下玉米（Zea mays）幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,1.0 mmol·L^-1 Pb处理明显抑制了玉米幼苗的生长,减缓了玉米幼苗可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量的积累,抗氧化酶活性下降,叶绿素含量减少,丙二醛（MDA）含量增加、质膜透性增大;添加0.1 mmol·L^-1的SNP明显缓解了Pb胁迫对玉米幼苗生长的抑制作用,提高Pb胁迫下超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性,增加了幼苗叶绿素和脯氨酸含量,促进了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的积累,降低了MDA含 量、细胞质膜的透性。外源NO对Pb胁迫下玉米生长有一定的缓解作用,可以增强玉米幼苗对Pb毒害的抗性。     

盐胁迫对柚、福橘种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

通过水培和沙培试验,研究了盐胁迫对柚、橘种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:(1)20-40mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫不影响坪山柚和福橘种子萌发率、芽及胚根生长,但发芽时间延长.(2)NaCl浓度≥60mmol·L-1,显著降低坪山柚和福橘种子萌发率、芽及胚根长度,种子相对盐害率显著升高;相同浓度NaCl胁迫,坪山柚种子相对盐害率低于福橘,芽及胚根受抑制程度比福橘低.(3)NaCl浓度≥80mmol·L-1,坪山柚和福橘幼苗株高、叶面积、地上部干重、根部干重和根冠比(坪山柚根冠比在NaCl浓度为120mmol·L-1时)显著下降;同一浓度NaCl胁迫,坪山柚幼苗生长受抑制程度比福橘小.(4)坪山柚地上部及根部较低的Na+和Cl-含量及保持较高的根冠比是坪山柚幼苗耐盐胁迫的主要原因.     

重金属胁迫对作物DNA胞嘧啶甲基化的影响

采用水培试验方法,研究了重金属胁迫对小麦水稻DNA胞嘧啶甲基化的影响。结果表明,和对照相比,Cu2+、Cd2+、Hg2+能明显使小麦和水稻地上部叶片和幼穗中的5-甲基胞嘧啶(5mC)的含量增高,即引起叶和穗DNA高甲基化。0.1、0.5mmol·L-1的Cu2+和Cd2+胁迫能使小麦根系DNA中的5-甲基胞嘧啶的百分含量显著高于对照,而各供试浓度的Hg2+以及1.0mmol·L-1的Cu2+和Cd2+胁迫则造成小麦根系DNA中的5-甲基胞嘧啶的百分含量显著低于对照,使DNA低甲基化。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。