不同龄组马尾松林凋落物量及养分归还量研究

对不同龄组马尾松人工林的年凋落物量、林地凋落物现存量及其元素含量和养分归还量进行分析测定，结果表明，从幼龄林至成熟林，马尾松林的年凋落物量为４．３９－１１．４３ｔ／ｈｍ＾２，林地凋落物现存量为４．９９－１３．５５ｔ／ｈｍ＾２，凋落物养分的年归还量为８７．７４－３５３．７１ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２，林地凋落物养分的总贮量为１０１－２４８ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。这说明森林凋落物是一个庞大的养分贮存库，它对于维护林地地力     

祁连山森林土壤碳的初步研究

对祁连山森林土壤容重及碳贮量研究表明：祁连山森林土壤总贮碳１０４４．５万ｔ，并且呈增加趋势，对大气ＣＯ２通过森林起“汇”的作用；乔木林土壤对大气ＣＯ２的现实作用大，灌丛林潜在作用大；人类经营活动通过影响凋落物的凋落和分解，对土壤碳产生较大的影响。     

信阳南湾区水源涵养林的森林水文效应研究

对信阳南湾库区主要森林土壤和枯落物层的水效应进行了对比分析。结果表明，主要森林类型土壤的蓄水量约１８７ｔ ＋·ｈｍ＾－２（２８．７ｍｍ～３５ｍｍ）；枯枝落叶层的蓄水量为８．１ｔ·ｈｍ＾－２（０．８ｍｍ～４．５ｍｍ），主要森林土壤的平均渗透速度是５．６ｍｍ·ｍｉｎ＾－１全年降雨的６０％通过渗 透变为地下迳流；杉木林和松栎混交林的木林水效应最高。     

黄鳍鲷的池养生长特性及其饲养技术

研究了黄鳍鲷池养生长特性和饲养技术，单养黄鳍鲷的旺生长期Ⅰ龄，应用ｖｏｎＢｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ方程，求得人工饲养条件下其体长、体重生长方程为Ｌｔ＝２４８．１７５９「１－ｅ＾－１．０３１４（ｔ＋０．１４８３）」；Ｗｔ＝４６９．２９２６「１－ｅ＾－１．０３１４（ｔ＋０．１４８３）」＾２．８３０２。体重生长拐点于０．８６龄处。进行２８８．２ｈｍ＾２的河口近岸池塘单养和混养，单养周年平均单产７．３ｔ／ｈｍ     

黄鳍鲷的池养生长特性及其饲养技术

研究了黄鳍鲷池养生长特性和饲养技术，单养黄鳍鲷的旺生长期Ⅰ龄，应用ｖｏｎＢｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ方程，求得人工饲养条件下其体长、体重生长方程为Ｌｔ＝２４８．１７５９「１－ｅ＾－１．０３１４（ｔ＋０．１４８３）」；Ｗｔ＝４６９．２９２６「１－ｅ＾－１．０３１４（ｔ＋０．１４８３）」＾２．８３０２。体重生长拐点于０．８６龄处。进行２８８．２ｈｍ＾２的河口近岸池塘单养和混养，单养周年平均单产７．３ｔ／ｈｍ     

象山港人工放流中国对虾的生长特性研究

本文研究了象山港中国对虾（包括人工放流群体和自然繁殖群体）的生长特征，结果表明，人工放流群体的生长特征与自然繁殖群体基本相同，人工放流群体雌，雄虾的体重生长拐点分别为８月３日及７月２８日，人工放流群体的体长，体重生长方程为：Ｌｔ♀＝２０５．３（１－ｅ＾－０．１３（ｔ＋１．１３））Ｗｔ♀＝９５．７（１－ｅ＾０．１３（ｔ＋１．１３）＾３Ｌｔ♀＝１７２．３（１－ｅ＾－０．１４（ｔ＋１．５６）Ｗｔ♀＝５４     

中国种植面积最大的水稻良种“汕优63”：Ⅱ.主要农艺学和生物学特征特性

“汕优６３”是中国种植面积最大的水稻良种，１９８６年至今，平均每年约种植４６７万ｈｍ＾２，占全国籼稻总面积的２２％左右，１９９０年种植６８７万ｈｍ＾２，占当年全国水稻总面积的２７．１％。推广的范围跨越地球２１．３个经度、２０．２个纬度。已在全国１６个省区种植５２７０ｈｍ＾２，据四年全国区试结果，一般产量达７．５￣９．０ｔ／ｈｍ＾２，最高达１３．９ｔ／ｈｍ＾２，每公顷增产１．１ｔ，累计增产粮食５８５     

森林对二氧化碳循环的影响

假定安徽地区的为封闭系统,用大气中ＣＯ２汇理论,估算森林固定ＣＯ２的效益及安徽地区大气中ＣＯ２的增量。结果表明：安徽地区以各种途径释放到大气中ＣＯ２总量为１８．４２５×１０＾７ｔ,其中森林,农作物,荒山、水体的吸收率分别为４０．３２％,４７．６４％,５．９９％,５．２５％。滞留量为０．１５３２×１０＾７ｔ,Ｃ匠年增量为０．７８μｇ．ｇ＾－１低于世界年平均增量（１．０－１．２μｇ．ｇ＾－１）,若ＣＯ     

乌兰希赛灌区引种柴春901试验初报

柴春９０１是格尔木农场育成的高产优质春小麦新品种;经１９９７～１９９９年在乌兰希赛灌区试种,能正常生长。在每ｍ＾２穗数５２３～５７５情况下,敏穗粒数,千粒重、单产分别为：４５．７个～４８．３个,４９．３ｇ～５０．６ｇ,１１．３４ｔ／ｈｍ＾２～１２．０９ｔ／ｈｍ＾,比对照品种柴春０１８的每ｍ＾２穗数、穗粒数、千粒重,单产分别高－３．３％～２％,１６．７％～３２．７％,４．７％～４．８％,３３．３％＾     

宁夏灌区覆膜穴播小麦优化数学模型研究

建立的数学模型为ｙ＝４１２。７－３．０２ｘ１－７．０４ｘ２＋１５．１ｘ３＋１１．４９ｘ１ｘ３－１４．７４ｘ２ｘ３－０．３９ｘ１＾２＋３．７２ｘ２＾２－２１．５９ｘ３＾２,回归分析达到极显著水平,模型预测产量与实际吻合较好。根据对产量函数模型的计算机模拟寻优结果,结合灌区农业生产实际,得出覆膜穴播小麦获得单产６３７５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２以上的技术方案为：施纯氮１８８．４－２３８．４ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,施Ｐ２Ｏ     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。