小麦-玉米连作免耕技术

对小麦-玉米连作农田实行免耕或尽可能少耕,并以作物秸秆覆盖地表,可减少土壤水分蒸发,提高土壤肥力,提高生产效益。     

保护性耕作在旱作农业区的应用与发展

保护性耕作是对农田实行免耕、少耕、用作物秸秆覆盖地表减少风蚀,提高土壤肥力和抗旱能力、节本增效的一项新的农田耕作技术,被誉为可实现农业生产和环境保护“双赢”的旱作方法,是当今国际上广泛采用的先进农业耕作技术。     

旱地机械化保护性耕作技术的推广与应用

保护性耕作技术是对农田实行免耕、少耕、尽可能减少土壤耕作,并用作物秸秆、残茬覆盖地表,减少土壤风蚀、水蚀、提高土壤肥力和抗旱能力的一项先进农业技术。一、推广机械化保护性耕作技术的必要性机械化保护性耕作技术取消了铧式犁的翻耕,在保留地表覆盖的前提下免耕播种,以保留土壤自我保护和营造机能,是机械耕作由单纯改造自然到利用自然,与自然协调发展农业生产的必要性转变。是保护生态环境、减少污染、抑制沙尘暴最重要的手段。1.土壤水分的增加:作物生长全靠肥和水,旱地作物所需水分基本来自天然降雨,但供给作物的有效耗水仅占降雨…     

小麦——玉米连作免耕技术

<正>对小麦—玉米连作农田实行免耕或尽可能少耕,并以作物秸秆覆盖地表,可减少土壤水分蒸发,提高土壤肥力,提高生产效益。1作业模式1.1小麦田作业模式     

吉林省农业农村集成推广绿色高质高效新技术综述

正近年来,我省农业农村紧扣促进农民增收,瞄准推动农业农村高质量发展,突出强化科技支撑,集成推广绿色高质高效的新技术,为我省率先实现农业现代化提供了充沛动力。秸秆覆盖还田保护性耕作技术,是我省着力推广的新技术之一,这项技术是用作物秸秆覆盖地表,并对农田实行免耕少耕的先进农耕技术。实行秸秆覆盖还田保护性耕作,要从前茬作物收获开始考虑,主要有秸秆覆盖、免耕播种、化学除草和农机深松等四个步骤。     

大豆少、免耕栽培技术

大豆少、免耕栽培技术就是利用前茬作物收获后直接秸秆、根茬还田或只有根茬还田，覆盖地表，第二年在原茬上免耕播种，不耕地、不整地，主要由农药来控制杂草和病虫害。近些年的实践表明，实行免耕和少耕，具有保护农田、减少扬尘、抗旱节水、培肥地力、提高单产、降低成本、增加收入等多种功效，可使农田扬尘降低60％以上，可以减少地表径流量50—60％、减少土壤流失80％左右     

保护性耕作机械化技术

保护性耕作技术是对农田实行免耕、少耕,尽可能减少土壤耕作,并保证播种后地表用不低于30%的作物秸秆、残茬粉碎覆盖,或保留高留茬秸秆30%以上及作物残留物覆盖率不低于30%的耕作技术。它可减少土壤风蚀、水蚀,减少土壤流失和抑制农田扬尘,提高土壤肥力和抗旱能力;能明显提高旱     

南疆主要地表类型土壤风蚀对形成沙尘暴天气的影响

 【目的】弄清南疆主要地表类型土壤风蚀对形成沙尘暴天气的影响，为明确该区域沙尘暴主要尘源和科学治理提供依据。【方法】采用美国BSNE集沙仪，在沙尘暴天气条件下对塔里木盆地主要地表类型土壤风蚀状况、输沙率随高度的变化进行观测与采样分析。【结果】不同地表类型的输沙量变化趋势为：裸露、弃耕农田最多，其次为活化灌丛沙堆、沙漠边缘的活动沙丘、乡村道路；而封育砂质农田、覆膜棉田、苜蓿地、冬小麦、棉秆与地膜相间覆盖棉田、林地、棉秆留茬地输沙量较少。种植行向与风向一致时棉田输沙量大，垂直时明显减少。输沙量在0～160 cm高度的分布特征明显与地表类型有关，其中裸露、弃耕农田、活化灌丛沙堆、活动沙丘等植被、残茬覆盖地表类型，输沙量（M，g&#8226;cm-2）随高度（Z，cm）变化遵循幂函数M=aZ b规律，在有植被及覆盖条件下的农田、林地等地表，输沙量用多项式M=a+bZ+cZ 2+dZ 3拟合效果最好。输沙量随植被覆盖度和土壤表层含水量的增加呈指数形式减少，当植被盖度达到20%以上或土壤表层含水量达到5%以上时可以明显降低输沙量。【结论】裸露农田、弃耕沙质农田、活化灌丛沙堆、活动沙丘以及乡村道路的风蚀程度严重，是南疆沙尘暴天气沙尘的主要来源。在农区，扩大冬小麦、多年生牧草等冬春绿色覆盖作物种植，实行保护性耕作制；在绿洲与沙漠过渡带，采取禁止放牧及合理开垦，实行天然封育和弃耕地改造；对乡村道路实现硬化，是南疆控制土壤风蚀、减少沙尘暴沙尘源的重要途径。     

保护性耕作技术要点

一、概念 保护性耕作是彻底取消铧式犁耕翻,对农田实行免耕、少耕（深松或浅耙）,尽可能减少土壤耕作,并用作物秸秆覆盖地表,减少风蚀、水蚀,提高土壤肥力和抗旱能力的一项先进农业耕作技术。     

如何做好玉米保护性耕作

保护性耕作技术是对农田实行免耕、少耕,尽可能减少土壤耕作,并用作物秸秆、残茬覆盖地表,减少风蚀、水蚀,提高土壤肥力和抗旱能力的一项先进农业耕作技术。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。