Burkholderia cepacia S31细菌高产位置非特异性脂肪酶的发酵条件优化

从油脂污染的土壤中分离获得了1株高效产脂肪酶的细菌S31,经鉴定为Burkholderia cepacia(洋葱伯克霍尔德菌)。B.cepacia S31所产脂肪酶具有活性高、耐高温、耐有机溶剂和位置非特异性水解甘油三酯等优良特性。为了进一步提高S31菌株的产酶量,对该菌产酶的发酵条件进行优化。通过单因子试验筛选出最佳碳源为麸皮,最佳氮源为蛋白胨,最佳诱导物为Tween-80。通过对培养基各组分及外部培养条件因素的正交试验,确定S31菌产脂肪酶的摇瓶发酵最优条件为:以20 g.L-1麸皮、10 g.L-1蛋白胨、40 g.L-1Tween-80、0.5 g.L-1MgSO4和2 g.L-1K2HPO4为培养基(pH 7.0),250 mL三角瓶装40 mL培养基,3%接种量,30℃、180 r.min-1培养66 h可获得最理想的酶产量,达283.6 U.mL-1,比优化前提高2.73倍。     

一株产碱性蛋白酶的酵母菌发酵条件优化

对一株产碱性蛋白酶假丝酵母菌(Candidasp.N9211)的发酵条件进行了优化,研究各种碳源、氮源及无机盐对产酶的影响,应用正交试验优化发酵培养基组成。结果表明:最佳培养基组成为酵母膏20g/L,蛋白胨15g/L,干酪素20g/L,硫酸亚铁0.01g/L。优化后蛋白酶活性提高了27倍(由1.55U/mL提高到41.85U/mL)。摇瓶培养的最佳条件为:初始pH值10.0,接种量1%,发酵温度35℃,最佳培养时间为15h。     

麦芽根发酵生产碱性木聚糖酶

目的:Bacillus pumilus M-26以麦芽根为碳源发酵生产碱性木聚糖酶。方法:以单一麦芽根和复合麦芽根分别为碳源,首先确定碳源组成及浓度、氮源组成及浓度、无机盐种类及浓度,然后通过正交试验得出摇瓶发酵的培养基配方,最后进行20L发酵罐发酵生产碱性木聚糖酶工艺条件研究。结果:碳源:麦芽根,麦芽根:麸皮=7∶3,5%和8%,氮源:牛肉膏和氯化铵;无机盐:氯化钠、氯化钙及硫酸镁。摇瓶发酵条件,37℃,220 r·h-1,48 h,发酵罐发酵条件,37℃,24 h。单一碳源发酵培养基,麦芽根5%,Mg SO40.01%,氯化钠5 mmol·L-1,氯化钙1 mmol·L-1,氯化铵1.2%,牛肉膏1.2%,K2HPO40.4%,p H8.0;复合碳源发酵培养基,麦芽根麸皮7%,Mg SO40.03%,氯化钠1 mmol·L-1,氯化钙5 mmol·L-1,氯化铵1.0%,牛肉膏1.2%,K2HPO40.4%,p H8.0。摇瓶发酵最高产酶活力分别为268.38 IU·m L-1和363.13 IU·m L-1,发酵罐发酵最高产酶活力分别为748.58 IU·m L-1和1 348.99 IU·m L-1。结论:麦芽根与麸皮组成复合碳源经Bacillus pumilus M-26发酵生产碱性木聚糖酶,摇瓶产酶活力363.13 IU·m L-1,发酵罐产酶活力1 348.99 IU·m L-1。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌ZQ-55发酵生产L-乳酸的工艺优化

为提高鼠李糖乳杆菌ZQ-55发酵生产L-乳酸的产量,采用单因素和正交试验对L-乳酸发酵培养基和发酵条件进行优化。结果表明:ZQ-55发酵生产L-乳酸的最佳培养基组成为葡萄糖16g/100mL、蛋白胨0.25g/100mL、酵母粉1.0g/100mL、乙酸钠0.3g/100mL、K_2HPO_40.1g/100mL、吐温-80 0.1g/100mL、Mg_SO_4·7H_2O 0.02g/100mL、MnSO_4·H_2O 0.05g/100mL。最适发酵条件为发酵时间72h,接种量10%,温度37℃,转速150r/min,装液量为100mL,一次性添加碳酸钙10g。以该培养基为最适L-乳酸发酵培养基和发酵条件进行发酵,在摇瓶水平上的L-乳酸产量为120g/L。进行5L发酵罐上罐发酵生产L-乳酸,产量为160.5g/L,产L-乳酸速率为2.23g/(L·h),葡萄糖的总添加量为187g/L,糖转化为L-乳酸的转化率为85.56%,L-乳酸的光学纯度为95.39%。     

土壤中脂肪酶产生菌的筛选、鉴定及发酵条件的优化

从上海地区富含油性的土壤中,以橄榄油为唯一碳源进行富集培养、以罗丹明B为指示剂的平板进行初筛,摇瓶复筛得到产脂肪酶菌株51-43。通过对51-43进行形态学观察,以及18S rDNA特征片段比较分析,初步确定51-43为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。通过单因素实验和正交实验,对黑曲霉51-43产脂肪酶的发酵条件进行优化。确定其最优发酵条件为:蛋白胨2.35%,小麦粉1%,K2HPO40.1%,MgSO4.7H2O 0.05%,CaCl20.01%,NH4Cl 1%,Tween-80 0.5%,橄榄油1%,pH 7.0。此培养基在28℃,160 r/min的条件下发酵培养72 h,脂肪酶水解活力达到19.28 U/mL,是初始发酵培养基条件下所得脂肪酶酶活的2.21倍。     

产低温脂肪酶假单胞菌的选育及产酶条件的优化

从取自华中农业大学的土样和长江流域及桂林桃花江水样中筛选到一株产低温脂肪酶的适冷菌,初步鉴定为假单胞菌,命名为Pseudomonas sp.YT34-8.对其产酶条件进行优化,得到其最佳发酵条件为:玉米浆2.00%,豆饼粉2.50%,蔗糖1.00%,橄榄油0.57%,MgSO4·7H2O0.05%,K2HPO4 0.10%,发酵温度8℃,初始pH值7.0,发酵时间48 h,250 mL摇瓶装液量21 mL;摇瓶转速182 r·min-1.在此条件下,其发酵酶活力可达到7.833 U·mL-1.对其所产低温脂肪酶进行初步研究,其最适作用pH值为8.0,最适作用温度为30℃,在pH值5.0～10.0范围内、40℃以下酶活力较稳定.     

苦皮藤内生放线菌YDG17菌株产抑菌活性物质发酵条件优化

利用Plackett-Burman设计和响应面设计对苦皮藤内生放线菌YDG17菌株的发酵条件进行了优化试验,以确定最佳培养基组成及培养条件.试验结果表明,YDG17菌株产抑菌物质的最适摇瓶发酵培养基组成为:葡萄糖32.00 g/L,小米28.77 g/L,蛋白胨3.00 g/L.发酵条件为:pH值7,250 mL三角瓶装60 mL发酵液,接入6×107CFU/ mL菌种,32 ℃培养120 h.发酵条件优化后,菌株抑菌圈直径为26.5 mm,是优化前的1.2倍.     

枯草芽孢杆菌HAB-1产生抗菌物质的最优发酵条件

为筛选适合Bacillus subtilis HAB-1生长和抑菌物质产生的最佳培养基和最佳培养条件,采用摇瓶培养法和平板对峙法,通过单因子试验筛选适合菌株HAB-1生长的碳源、氮源、金属离子及最佳培养条件。结果表明,经摇瓶发酵培养筛选到适合菌株HAB-1生长及其拮抗物质产生的最佳碳源为蔗糖和玉米粉,最佳氮源为酵母粉和麸皮,最佳金属离子是K＋。用正交试验法确定了使HAB-1具有较强抗菌活性的最优培养基为zY,其各组分的质量浓度为：蔗糖10g·L-1,玉米粉30g·L-1,酵母粉30g·L-1,麸皮40g·L-1,KH2P041g·L-1;在确定适合该菌株的培养基组分基础上,对其培养条件进行优化试验,结果表明,初始pH为6．0,培养温度为37℃,250mL摇瓶装液量为60mL,接种量的体积分数为2％,培养时间为24h,转速为190r·min-1时为该菌株的最佳培养条件,获得菌株HAB-1活菌数最多且对橡胶树炭疽菌的抑菌活性最强,活菌数和抑菌直径分别为2．6×1010·mL-1。和34．0mm,较NB培养的HAB-1提高了123．81倍和1．10倍。     

L-苏氨酸摇瓶发酵工艺的研究

采用L-苏氨酸基因工程菌FCD13进行摇瓶发酵工艺的研究,经研究表明,种子培养基配方对发酵有较大影响,最佳种子培养基配方为:蔗糖30.0(g/L)、碳酸钙35.0(g/L)、硫酸铵10.0(g/L)、磷酸二氢钾2.0(g/L)。最优的摇瓶发酵条件为:250mL三角瓶中装液量为20mL;接种量5%;摇床温度37℃;摇床转速240 r/min。     

季也蒙毕赤酵母ypy17产脂肪酶条件的优化

从海南洋浦近海岸分离到1株产脂肪酶的酵母菌株,经鉴定为季也蒙毕赤酵母(Pichia guillier-mondii),利用Plackett-Burman设计对发酵条件进行了筛选。结果表明,橄榄油、初始pH值和K2HPO4浓度对脂肪酶生产具有显著的影响;利用响应面法对3个因子进行了优化,获得了最佳发酵条件为橄榄油31.57 g/L,硫酸铵10.00 g/L,NaCl 30.00 g/L,K2HPO4 1.16 g/L,初始pH值7.30,28℃培养72 h,脂肪酶活力达到18.20 U/mL。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。