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1.
为了了解蔬菜中重金属的污染情况,利用原子荧光光度法和原子吸收分光光度法测定了西安市城区10种蔬菜80个样品中汞、砷、铅、铬、镉的含量。结果表明:在检测的10种蔬菜中砷和镉的含量普遍较低,对蔬菜均未构成污染;汞和铬的污染仅在芹菜、茼蒿和生菜中,超标率均为2.5%;铅的超标率为61.2%,最高超标8.03倍。5种重金属元素汞、砷、铅、铬、镉在10种蔬菜中的积累情况为绿叶菜类茄果、瓜类蔬菜。  相似文献   

2.
通过对西安市郊区的9种蔬菜50个样品的可食部分中重金属元素的监测 ,探明了蔬菜中重金属汞、砷、铅、铬、镉的含量及分布特征。结果表明 ,铅是西安市郊区蔬菜中的主要污染元素 ,在检测的9种蔬菜样品中 ,铅的超标率为48.0 % ,最高超标6.91倍 ;铬和镉的污染仅表现在个别蔬菜中 ,超标率分别为4.0 %和2.0 % ,最高超标分别为5.20倍和1.32倍 ;汞、砷无超标现象  相似文献   

3.
山西农业大学菜市场蔬菜中重金属污染分析与评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了摸清山西农业大学主要食用蔬菜重金属污染状况,对菜市内6个摊位5种蔬菜30个样品的可食部分中重金属元素进行分析研究。查明了蔬菜中重金属铅、汞、砷、镉和铬的含量及分布特征。结果表明:铅和汞是菜市场蔬菜中的主要污染元素,超标率分别为53.3%和16.7%;镉在油菜和西红柿中各有一超标,超标率为6.7%;铬只有一个样品超标;砷无超标现象。在检测的蔬菜品种中,茴子白和黄瓜污染最严重,油菜和西红柿次之,西葫芦污染最轻。  相似文献   

4.
蚌埠市蔬菜重金属污染研究   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10  
朱兰保  高升平  盛蒂  周开胜  王改玲 《安徽农业科学》2006,34(12):2772-2773,2846
调查了蚌埠市蔬菜重金属铅、镉、铬、砷、汞的污染现状,结果表明:除叶菜类蔬菜外,其他类型蔬菜均没有受到重金属的污染;叶菜类蔬菜中,100%样品铅含量超标,50%样品镉含量超标,镉含量平均值接近无公害蔬菜重金属限量指标;所有蔬菜无Cr、As、Hg污染;不同类型蔬菜对重金属的吸收富集能力不同,叶菜类蔬菜对重金属的吸收富集能力最强,瓜类蔬菜对重金属的吸收富集能力最弱;同一蔬菜不同部位中重金属含量差异也较大,叶片中重金属含量普遍高于其他部位。  相似文献   

5.
内蒙古城郊菜地土壤重金属污染状况分析   总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25  
以内蒙古城郊蔬菜种植区为例进行环境质量污染监测。研究跨城市间蔬菜基地的土壤重金属含量空间变化并进行污染评价。结果显示,城郊菜地土壤重金属含量有不同程度积累,汞、镉、铬、铜、镍超过背景值,且以汞、铬、镍尤为明显,污染水平从轻污染、中污染到重污染;砷、铅、锌元素的含量有所下降,并以锌最为强烈,表现亏缺。各采样地区差异明显。从发展无公害蔬菜标准看,砷、铅、镉、汞还没有超过无公害蔬菜产地环境标准限值,但个别地区达到铜、镍污染警戒线。  相似文献   

6.
[目的]研究2012年扬州市耕地土壤重金属污染现状及2002年以来的变化趋势。[方法]采集扬州市耕地土壤样品,分别测定总镉、总砷、总铬、总汞、总铅含量,加权统计计算平均值、标准差、变异系数等,并与2002年的数据进行对比分析。[结果]2012年扬州市不同重金属元素污染指数从高到低依次为总镉、总砷、总铬、总汞、总铅,不同重金属元素污染超标面积比例从高到低为总镉、总汞、总砷、总铅,总铬全部合格。与2002年相比,土壤中总镉、总铅含量均显著上升,总汞、总铬含量上升未达显著水平,总砷含量则显著下降;总镉、总汞、总砷、总铅超标面积比例均上升。[结论]重金属污染特别是总镉、总汞污染亟需引起高度重视。土壤总镉、总汞、总铅含量变异系数明显增大,说明总镉、总汞、总铅有明显的点源污染特点。  相似文献   

7.
西安市蔬菜中重金属污染状况分析   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
用原子荧光光度法和原子吸收分光光度法,测定了西安市郊区蔬菜批发市场及蔬菜生产基地中10种蔬菜80个样品中的汞、砷、铅、铬、镉的含量,并与1996~1997年度的调查结果进行了比较。结果表明,汞、砷、铬、镉的含量较1996~1997年有明显降低,而铅仍是主要的污染元素,有85.0%蔬菜中的铅含量超出国家卫生标准,最高超标8.03倍。  相似文献   

8.
研究西藏拉萨地区蔬菜生产基地土壤中重金属的污染状况。从拉萨4县(区)7个蔬菜生产基地采集43个土壤样品,分别使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法、原子荧光法对土壤样品中5种重金属进行检测分析,采用单项污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价方法进行土壤环境质量评价研究。结果发现拉萨地区蔬菜基地,除达孜区、城关区蔬菜基地土壤不同程度受到镉(Cd)污染外,铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)重金属对其污染较轻或未受污染。从综合污染指数评价来看,拉萨市蔬菜生产基地土壤总污染率较低,个别样点汞、铅、镉存在不同程度污染,污染率分别为23.3%,2.3%,25.5%,砷(As)和铬(Cr)没有污染。  相似文献   

9.
对福建省商品有机肥抽检样品进行砷、汞、铅、镉、铬等重金属检测分析,结果表明:福建省商品有机肥抽检样品重金属含量变异很大,平均分别为3.78、0.20、49.1、1.59和18.93mg/kg。抽检的86个样品中As、Hg均符合要求,Pb、Cd和Cr超标率分别为5.8%、8.1%和4.7%。  相似文献   

10.
为摸清贵阳市常见叶类蔬菜受污染的情况,对贵阳市售9个品种的叶类蔬菜中有害元素汞、铬、砷、铅、镉的含量进行了分析检测.结果表明,汞、镉、砷、铅四种素的含量均未超过国家标准.其中汞的含量范围为0.1~3.1×10-3mg/kg;镉、砷、铅均未被检出,而铬的含量超出国家参考标准,含量范围为0.5~2.91mg/kg.铅的污染主要是由于工业上广泛使用铬(电镀、医药、印染、印刷等),工业污染排放的铬,通过各种途径进入菜地,造成蔬菜地--蔬菜的污染.只有摸清污染源,严格控制排污,才能清除铬的污染.  相似文献   

11.
Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
本文介绍了Web2.0的知识和背景,对Web2.0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述,同时对其作出了前景展望。  相似文献   

12.
The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ (PCV-2). Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups: control group (n = 3), piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone (PCV-2, n = 3), and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group (PCV-2 + KLH, n = 3). Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 + KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 + KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 + KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group (P〈0.05 and P〈0.01). The proliferation index (PI) was 0.17_+0.01, 0.12_+0.01 and 0.12_+0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 + KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o  相似文献   

13.
迟贵富  张昱  李亮  钟子琳 《安徽农业科学》2009,37(12):5585-5587
以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。  相似文献   

14.
Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model (MGM(1,n)), as the expansion and complement of GM(1,1) model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM(1,n) model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model (MGM(1 ,n,q)) was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model (MGM(1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM(1,n) model, and the MGM(1,n) model was better than MGM(1,1) model.  相似文献   

15.
Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.  相似文献   

16.
不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理(N0P0K0)的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小(P<0.05)。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。  相似文献   

17.
选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。  相似文献   

18.
Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.  相似文献   

19.
以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)粗酶液。然后用Sephadex(葡聚糖凝胶)G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素(包括pH值、温度、抑制剂)进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。  相似文献   

20.
郁达  王立新  郁建锋  杨珍  杜兰芳 《安徽农业科学》2010,38(32):18300-18302
以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。  相似文献   

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