异育银鲫氨氮排泄与耗氧的研究

采用静态试验法对异育银鲫的氨氮排泄与耗氧进行了研究，结果表明：体重4．51—13．05g的异育银鲫，其单位体重排氨率为0．0269—0．0156mgN／（g·h）；溶氧的死亡临界值为0．56—0．25mg／L，窒息点为0．21—0．08mg／L。异育银鲫的呼吸属顺应型，瞬时耗氧速率与溶氧呈线性正相关，溶氧越低，瞬时耗氧速率越小；瞬时耗氧速率随体重的增加而减少；排氨率与体重呈良好的幂函数，其中单位个体排氨率随体重增大而增大，而单位体重排氨率却随体重增大而减小。     

体重和温度对中国蛤蜊耗氧率和排氨率的影响

采用室内实验生态学方法研究了不同软体部干重（0．9901g±0．540g、0．5244g±0．0257g、0．2886g±0．0421g）和温度（13、18、23、28℃）对中国蛤蜊Mactra chinensis耗氧率和排氨率的影响。结果表明：温度、个体大小对中国蛤蜊耗氧率影响极显著（P〈0．01），二者的交互作用均对中国蛤蜊的耗氧率影响显著（P〈0．05）；中国蛤蜊单位体重耗氧率（O）与软体部干重（形）之间呈负相关关系，符合幂函数方程0=αW^-b，其中口的取值为0．695—1．762，平均为1．449，b的取值为0．446～0．587，平均为0．542。温度、个体大小对中国蛤蜊的排氨率影响极显著（P〈0．01）；随着中国蛤蜊个体的增大，其单位体重排氨率（N）逐渐降低；排氨率与其软体部干重呈负相关，它们之间可以用幂函数N=α0W^-b0咖表示。单位体重耗氧率和排氨率与温度（T）、软体部干重（形）满足以下方程：0=0．258＋0．561W＋0．239T（R=0．680，F=19．342，P〈0．01）；N=2．973＋38．361W＋16．897T（R=0．736，F=26．535，P〈0．01）。     

花[鱼骨]耗氧率和窒息点的初步研究

实验测定了花[鱼骨]的耗氧率和窒息点，并对耗氧率的昼夜变化规律以及体重对其窒息点的影响进行了研究。结果表明，在实验温度（10～25℃）条件下，花[鱼骨]的耗氧率随温度的升高而增大，随体重的增加而降低；耗氧率（R0）与温度（T）和体重（W）的二元线形回归方程是：R0=0．022T-0．001W-0．05，复相关系数为0．926，F检验表明，花[鱼骨]的耗氧率与温度和体重之间有极显著复相关关系；花[鱼骨]的耗氧率具有昼夜节律性，耗氧高峰山现在凌晨3：00，低谷是在上午11：00；花[鱼骨]的窒息点与体重显著相关，窒息点A（mg／L）与体重W（g）的相关关系表示为：A=0.2671W^0.2801，随体重的增加而升高。     

温度、盐度和体重对美国红鱼幼鱼呼吸和排泄的影响

研究了不同温度、盐度及体重对美国红鱼幼鱼呼吸和排泄的影响,结果表明,温度、盐度和体重对试验鱼耗氧率、排氨率影响显著(P0.05)。耗氧率随温度的升高而增大并呈指数相关。10~30℃时,排氨率和O/N比随温度升高而明显升高,并且排氨率与温度呈幂函数相关。呼吸Q10处于正常水平,而排泄Q10较低。当盐度10~40时,耗氧率和O/N比先降后升再降,排氨率先降后升;试验鱼耗氧率和排氨率均随体重的增加而下降,呈幂函数相关,但O/N比变化不显著。     

温度对南美白对虾瞬时耗氧速率与溶氧水平的影响

研究了温度对南美白对虾瞬时耗氧速率与溶氧水平的影响。在不同温度、相同盐度为8的调配海水中,以暂养后的南美白对虾幼体为研究对象,测定其瞬时耗氧率,并与溶解氧做相关分析。结果表明,在试验对照组(25.5±0.3℃),幼虾的瞬时耗氧速率(Vt,mg/g·h)随时间(t,h)延长而逐渐增大,随水体中的溶氧量(DO,mg/L)的减少而逐渐升高;而在两个高温组(30.5±0.3℃、35.5±0.3℃),情况则相反,幼虾瞬时耗氧速率随时间延长逐渐减小,随溶氧量的减少而逐渐降低,并且两个高温组之间的差异并不显著。在南美白对虾养殖生产过程中,溶解氧以不低于3mg/L为宜。     

温度对南美白对虾瞬时耗氧速率与溶氧水平的影响

研究了温度对南美白对虾瞬时耗氧速率与溶氧水平的影响。在不同温度、相同盐度为8的调配海水中,以暂养后的南美白对虾幼体为研究对象,测定其瞬时耗氧率,并与溶解氧做相关分析。结果表明,在试验对照组(25.5±0.3℃),幼虾的瞬时耗氧速率(Vt,mg/g·h)随时间(t,h)延长而逐渐增大,随水体中的溶氧量(DO,mg/L)的减少而逐渐升高;而在两个高温组(30.5±0.3℃、35.5±0.3℃),情况则相反,幼虾瞬时耗氧速率随时间延长逐渐减小,随溶氧量的减少而逐渐降低,并且两个高温组之间的差异并不显著。在南美白对虾养殖生产过程中,溶解氧以不低于3mg/L为宜。     

溶氧水平对日本对虾耗氧能力与生理行为的影响

研究了在海水养殖的环境条件下日本对虾的瞬时耗氧速率与时间、体重及溶氧水平的关系,测定了5种体重日本对虾的瞬时耗氧速率。结果表明:在盐度为3%、水温25℃的环境下,日本对虾的瞬时耗氧速率随时间和水中溶解氧含量的降低而降低,随体重的增加而降低,呼吸类型属于顺应型。随着水中溶解氧含量和虾体瞬时耗氧速率的降低,日本对虾的运动能力逐渐减弱,当溶解氧3 mg/L时,应注意及时充氧,以免造成虾体不适。     

淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾的瞬时耗氧速率与体长、溶氧水平关系研究

研究了水温28.0℃时,在淡水养殖条件下凡纳滨对虾的瞬时耗氧速率与体长及溶氧水平的关系,测定了6种体长(2.02～8.67 cm)凡纳滨对虾的瞬时耗氧速率.结果表明:淡水养殖的凡纳滨对虾瞬时耗氧速率具有与河口水虾养殖的特点.其瞬时耗氧速率(V,mg/g·h)随时间(t,h)的延长与水体溶氧量(DO,mg/L)的降低而降低,呼吸类犁属于顺应型;V随虾体长(L,cm)增长而降低,耗氧量却与体长呈正相关.当体长L=6.31 cm时,淡水和河口水养殖的凡纳滨对虾具有相同的瞬时耗氧速率.体长L<6.31 cm时,淡水养殖虾耗氧速率大于河口水养殖.L>6.31 cm时,淡水养殖虾耗氧速率小于河水养殖;淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾窒息点随个体增大而降低.     

淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾的瞬时耗氧速率与体长、溶氧水平关系研究

研究了水温28.0℃时,在淡水养殖条件下凡纳滨对虾的瞬时耗氧速率与体长及溶氧水平的关系,测定了6种体长（2.02～8.67cm）凡纳滨对虾的瞬时耗氧速率。结果表明：淡水养殖的凡纳滨对虾瞬时耗氧速率具有与河口水虾养殖的特点。其瞬时耗氧速率（V,mg/g&#183;h）随时间（t,h）的延长与水体溶氧量（DO,mg/L）的降低而降低,呼吸类型属于顺应型;V随虾体长（L,cm）增长而降低,耗氧量却与体长呈正相关。当体长L=6.31cm时,淡水和河口水养殖的凡纳滨对虾具有相同的瞬时耗氧速率。体长L〈6.31cm时,淡水养殖虾耗氧速率大于河口水养殖。L〉6.31cm时,淡水养殖虾耗氧速率小于河水养殖;淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾窒息点随个体增大而降低。     

不同生态因子对岩扇贝幼贝耗氧率和排氨率的影响

为研究岩扇贝Crassadoma gigante的代谢生理状况,为其人工育苗和规模化养殖提供依据,采用不同生态条件对岩扇贝幼贝耗氧率和排氨率进行了相关研究。结果表明:温度、盐度、pH和体质量对岩扇贝幼贝耗氧率、排氨率均有极显著影响(P0.01);在试验温度为6~22℃时,岩扇贝幼贝单位体质量的耗氧率、排氨率随温度的升高而增大;经回归分析,体质量(X)与耗氧率或排氨率(Y)均呈负相关幂指数关系,岩扇贝幼贝单位体质量的耗氧率、排氨率随体质量的增大而降低;岩扇贝幼贝的耗氧率与排氨率先随盐度(24~30)的升高而增大,在盐度为30时达到最大值,而后随盐度(30~36)的升高而降低;岩扇贝幼贝的耗氧率与排氨率先随pH(7.0~8.0)的升高而增大,在盐度为8.0时达到最大值,而后随pH(8.0~9.0)的升高而降低;岩扇贝幼贝一昼夜的耗氧率及排氨率最高峰均在13:00,耗氧率和排氨率最低峰均在1:00。本研究结果可为岩扇贝的生理生态学研究提供理论依据。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。