不同品种母猪繁殖性能观察

研究了5种交配类型,即杜洛克与长白,杜洛克与大定,长白与长白,大约克与大约克,杜洛克与杜洛克共30窝的总产仔数、产活仔数、产程、胎衣排出时间、初出重、产仔间隔.方差分析和多重比较结果表明:交配类型、胎次对母猪妊娠期的影响无明显差异(P>0.05);但产仔间隔、胎衣排出时间、产程、总产仔数、产活仔数、死胎率、初生重均有明显差异(P<0.05).     

猪品种选育及繁育体系建立的研究

采用完全闭锁的群体继代法对美系长白、大白、杜洛克、汉普夏及２４系种猪进行选育,经过１０ａ６个世代的测定与选择,各希性能指标均达育种目标。所选种猪具有高繁殖率、高生长率、高质、高效的特点;母系种猪（长白、大白）有发情明显、温驯、受胎率高、产活仔数多,长白猪平均窝产活仔１０．３７头,大白猪平均窝产活仔１０．８６头。２１天龄窝质量,长白猪为５４．２３ｋｇ,大白猪为５８．８１ｋｇ。父系公猪生长速度快,测定     

母猪胎盘效率遗传特点的研究

收集了1 059胎次的长白、大白、杜洛克、大花白和蓝塘猪5个品种母猪的胎盘效率,分析了胎盘效率与窝均总产仔数、窝均产活仔数的相关关系,估计了胎盘效率的遗传力。结果表明:不同品种猪的胎盘效率不同,胎盘效率与窝均总产仔数的相关系数为0.310 3、与窝均产活仔数的相关系数为0.363 8,均呈中等强度正相关关系;5个品种猪混合数据胎盘效率的遗传力为0.292,长白猪胎盘效率的遗传力为0.303,胎盘效率具有中等强度的遗传力,可作为种猪生产中提高母猪繁殖性能的选择指标。     

胎次、分娩季节、品种和杂交方式对母猪繁殖性能的影响

通过对福建某规模化猪场母猪21 185窝繁殖记录进行整理,研究胎次、分娩季节、品种及杂交方式对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,第1胎母猪的窝产仔数、活仔数、健仔数、初生窝质量、初生均质量显著低于其他胎次(P 0. 05),第4胎母猪最高,第3～6胎繁殖性能较好;母猪窝产仔数、活仔数、健仔数、初生窝质量在春季最优,显著高于其他季节(P 0. 05),秋季母猪繁殖性能最低;二元母猪的繁殖性能最高,杜洛克母猪繁殖性能最低,长白母猪的初生均质量显著低于其他品种(P 0. 05);三元杂交及大白纯繁的繁殖性能较好,杜洛克纯繁及大白×杜洛克的繁殖性能较差。猪场应优化母猪胎次,高温季节做好降温及避免采用繁殖性能不高的杂交组合。     

长白、大约克、杜洛克母猪产仔数的统计分析

本文对四川一种猪场的长白、大约克、杜洛克三个品种的2600寄母猪进行了统计。结果表明：大约克、长白、杜洛克的平均窝产仔数依次为9．96头、9．52头、9．13头；平均窝产活仔数依次为9．10头、8．68头、7．74头。通过统计发现这三个品种之间的平均青产仔数、窝产活仔数均差异不显著（p〉0．05）。     

母猪窝产仔数与泌乳力的关系

对母猪窝产仔数与泌乳力的关系进行了探讨,结果表明,3个品种泌乳力存在差异,大白母猪泌乳力较强,杜洛克最少;同一品种内,随着窝产仔数的增加,泌乳量逐渐上升,其中大白母猪21 d泌乳量上升幅度大于长白和杜洛克。     

影响母猪繁殖性状的固定效应分析

对纯种长白猪、大白母猪、杜洛克猪的5 505窝繁殖资料进行调查分析,建立固定效应模型对总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重及21日龄断奶窝重的资料进行最小二乘分析,着重讨论胎次、分娩季节、品种等固定效应对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,胎次、分娩季节、品种等对主要繁殖性状的影响均达到极显著水平。     

可乐猪繁殖性能及影响因素研究

为促进可乐猪品种选育工作的研究,对可乐猪种质特性进行了鉴定,并研究胎次和季节对可乐母猪产仔性能的影响。结果表明,可乐猪性成熟早,公猪76日龄开始出现爬跨反应,母猪初情期出现在85日龄;可乐猪繁殖力较低,窝总产仔数为8.20~8.45、窝产活仔数为7.67~7.96、窝断奶仔数为6.98~7.33。胎次对可乐猪的产仔性能有明显影响,窝总产仔数、窝产活仔数和窝断奶仔数均以第3胎最多,第4胎次之,第1胎最少。第2、3、4胎窝总产仔数、窝产活仔数和窝断奶仔数极显著高于第1胎(P0.01),保持合理的胎次分布有利于提高可乐猪群的产仔性能。季节对可乐猪产仔性能有一定影响,产仔窝数、窝总产仔数、窝产活仔数和窝断奶仔数以春秋季最多,冬季略低,夏季最少。     

不同品种公猪睾丸、精液品质发育规律及相关性研究

为明确公猪睾丸在选育中的意义，研究公猪睾丸参数、精液质量参数的发育性规律以及两者间的关联性。选择936头分布在280～1 409日龄的生产公猪，其中589头杜洛克、233头长白、114头大白。对睾丸和精液质量参数采用一般线性模型，以品种和日龄分组为固定因素进行多变量分析；使用二次项模型分品种分别对睾丸总体积和有效精子数进行发育曲线拟合；控制日龄变量，对睾丸与精液质量参数进行偏相关性分析。在睾丸大小方面：杜洛克>大白>长白，其中杜洛克与大白差异不显著（P>0.05），但两者均极显著（P<001）高于长白；在精液质量整体比较上：长白优于杜洛克优于大白，但差异不显著（P>0.05）；但在体积、密度、活力和畸形率上，三品种公猪均存在显著（P>0.05）或极显著(P<0.01)差异；睾丸随日龄增长呈先增大后萎缩趋势，精液整体质量随日龄增长呈下滑趋势；三品种公猪睾丸的大小均与精液量和有效精子数呈正相关，且大部分具有显著（P<0.05）或极显著性(P<0.01)。同日龄时期，三品种公猪睾丸的大小顺序为杜洛克>长白>大白，其中长白大于大白具有普遍性； 综合来看，三品种的精液质量比较结果为长白优于杜洛克优于大白，其中长白优于大白具有普遍性；公猪睾丸萎缩临界日龄可用于公猪淘汰依据，选育公猪时可重点选留睾丸较大者。     

不同品种猪肌肉中R值和丙二醛含量变化趋势的比较研究

连续测定了长白猪、杜洛克猪、大白猪、长白×杜洛克猪、长白×大白猪和大白×长白猪氟烷基因显性纯合子育肥猪屠宰后肌肉中R值和丙二醛含量变化。结果表明,屠宰后6 d内,猪肉中R值和丙二醛含量的变化趋势均为先上升后降低。长白猪、杜洛克、长白×杜洛克杂交猪和大白×长白杂交猪在屠宰后第2天R值最大,大白猪及长白×大白杂交猪第4天R值达到最大。各品种猪肌肉中丙二醛含量均在第4天达到最高。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。