发芽状况及热处理对小麦种子活力的影响

以２个小麦品种（系）为材料,研究不同发芽史及热处理对小麦种子活力的影响。结果表明：随发芽程度加深,小麦种子活力依次降低。浅度发芽（露白）的种子活力与对照差别不大,可作种用。保持发芽小麦种子活力的热处理安全温度为４０℃,４０℃热处理浅度发芽（露白）是保持发芽小麦种子活力的安全指标。就对芽麦种子活力伤害而言,高温高湿处理远大于发芽时间的延长。     

长江中下游麦区小麦材料穗发芽抗性评价

通过籽粒发芽法和大田穗发芽法,综合评价目前长江中下游麦区主要推广的小麦品种(33份)和选育品系(19份)及对照(2份)的抗穗发芽特性。研究结果表明,小麦穗发芽特性在不同材料间存在显著差异,红粒小麦抗穗发芽能力极显著高于白粒小麦,大部分红粒小麦休眠期长,较耐穗发芽;白粒小麦总体上休眠期短,不抗穗发芽。材料储存时间对小麦穗发芽有显著影响,随材料储存时间增加,小麦休眠期渐渐解除。通过聚类分析可将长江中下游麦区54份小麦材料分为4类,第1类抗穗发芽能力强,包括扬麦11、CD-11、扬11-04、华麦5号、扬麦20、镇麦5号共13份材料,全部为红粒小麦;第4类不抗穗发芽,包括扬麦13、扬麦14、镇麦8号、鄂麦18、襄麦25、漯6010、CD-4共17份材料,其中郑麦9023也属于此类,几乎无休眠期,极易发芽。     

穗发芽小麦面团流变学特性动态研究初探

为研究穗发芽对小麦面团流变学特性的动态影响,对大田生产条件下的轻度穗发芽和正常的小麦品种龙麦26进行了面团不同醒发时间的拉伸仪(45、90、135min)和吹泡示功仪(28、45、90、135min)等全面的品质分析。结果表明:当小麦穗发芽程度较轻时,无法通过面粉蛋白、干面筋、湿面筋含量、面筋指数、沉降值、粉质参数和吹泡参数这些品质指标的数值大小来判断被测样品是否为穗发芽小麦或穗发芽的程度。拉伸数据表明穗发芽龙麦26面团最大拉伸阻力在90min时最高,变化趋势为先增加后减少,各阶段的最大阻力均明显低于一般年份龙麦26应有的数值。而正常龙麦26面团最大拉伸阻力在135min时最高,变化趋势为随着时间的增加逐渐变高,且各阶段的阻力明显高于穗发芽龙麦26。因此在没有测试降落值条件的情况下,可以通过拉伸参数及动态趋势来推测样品可能为穗发芽小麦及穗发芽程度。吹泡数据与拉伸数据的意义有很大差别。穗发芽和正常龙麦26面团的P值和W值变化趋势都是随着时间的增加逐渐变低。28min时穗发芽龙麦26的吹泡数据好于正常龙麦26,但90和135min则相反,原因是穗发芽龙麦26面团的下降程度较大。由此说明不同仪器间的品质指标均有着各自的特殊性,不能相互替代。     

小麦品种抗穗发芽特性及其鉴定方法

在小麦成熟前后若处于阴雨潮湿的环境中就会引起穗部发芽。穗发芽不仅会降低容重,影响产量,还会降低小麦的制粉品质和烘烤品质。因此,世界各国小麦遗传育种工作者都十分重视小麦穗发芽的研究工作。 在我省淮南麦区,小麦成熟期约有三分之一的年份为阴雨天气,有些年份平均2～2.5天就有一个雨日,小麦很容易穗发芽。     

小麦抗穗发芽白皮新品种(系)的筛选

小麦穗发芽是淮南麦区推广白皮品种的重要限制性因素,筛选白皮抗穗芽品种是该麦区的育种目标之一。通过对３１ 份白皮高代品系的抗穗发芽的鉴定,筛选到了６ 个抗性较好的品系和一个抗性较好的组合,并指出小麦品种鄂６１５０６ 所配组合后代具较好的抗穗发芽性。     

小麦啤酒酿造工艺(续)

(四)小麦发芽工艺条件及小麦芽的主要指标 (1)小麦发芽工艺条件 ①浸麦度:初始浸麦度为38％-40％,发芽时通过喷雾增至43％-45％。若浸麦度过高,则发芽迅速,品温上升太快,若     

外源脱落酸和冠菌素对小麦籽粒萌芽的影响

[目的]通过研究外源脱落酸(ABA)和冠菌素(COR)对小麦籽粒萌芽的影响,探索COR用于防治小麦收获期穗发芽的可行性。[方法]以易穗发芽的白皮小麦品种济麦22和抗穗发芽的红皮小麦品种扬麦16为材料,以不同浓度ABA和COR处理两品种小麦籽粒后进行萌芽,测定萌芽率、芽长以及萌芽过程中的α-淀粉酶活性。[结果]38μmol/L以上浓度的ABA处理和0.05μmol/L以上浓度的COR处理均对两品种籽粒的萌发及芽的生长表现出显著的抑制作用,且COR抑制小麦种子萌发的生物活性约为ABA的200～1 500倍;浓度高于76μmol/L的ABA和0.05μmol/L的COR对两品种小麦籽粒萌发过程中的α-淀粉酶活性有抑制作用,且浓度越高抑制程度越大。[结论]ABA和COR可能通过抑制α-淀粉酶活性来抑制小麦籽粒的萌发和芽的生长;同浓度同一抑制剂处理下,白皮的济麦22萌芽及α-淀粉酶活性受抑制的程度显著高于扬麦16。该研究为COR用作控制大田小麦收获期穗发芽的可行性提供理论依据。     

喷淋发芽箱的设计、制作及喷淋发芽检测方法的确定

为进一步提升种子发芽检测结果的稳定性，以2个玉米品种(‘郑单958’、‘农大87’)和2个小麦品种(‘济麦22’、‘山农21’)为试验材料，设计制作喷淋发芽箱，包括3×2组喷淋头、塑料软管、水泵和定时器，种子无需消毒处理，直接放入发芽箱，开始定时定量喷水，每次喷淋持续1 min，6组喷淋头，每次喷水量共计1.9 L。首先筛选玉米和小麦种子发芽适宜喷淋间隔时间，并比较不同品种、不同活力种子、不同测试时间和不同人员操作的条件下，种子发芽检测结果的稳定性。结果表明，玉米和小麦种子适宜的喷淋间隔分别为3和4 h，喷淋发芽法检测到的种子发芽势、发芽率或简易活力指数(SVI)与卷纸发芽法检测结果无显著差异，但带菌率显著降低(P<0.05)，该方法不必对种子提前消毒，发芽期间水势稳定。多时间点、多人验证结果均表明，喷淋发芽法的检测结果稳定一致，任意2次试验间的差距均在国家种子检测规程允许的误差范围之内。     

襄阳市小麦耐湿、抗穗发芽高产稳产品种筛选

按照国家小麦产业技术体系要求,收集湖北全省主栽小麦品种和耐湿、抗穗发芽品种资源,在2011-2013年2个生产年度试验的基础上,筛选、鉴定适合鄂北麦区栽培的小麦耐湿、抗穗发芽高产稳产品种.结果表明,襄麦25和襄麦55两个品种耐渍(湿)、抗穗发芽能力及高产稳产性较强,可以作为鄂北麦区小麦耐湿、抗穗发芽的首选品种.     

不同品种小麦籽粒发芽深度对其加工品质的影响

选用面筋强度不同的７个小麦品种为材料，对不同发芽深度小麦的籽粒品质性状进行系统分析。结果表明：随发芽时间延长，加工品质逐渐降低，面筋强度不同的小麦品种间差异不大。随发芽程度加深，千粒重、出分率、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量呈降低趋势。发芽小麦的角质率和硬度明显下降，但深度发芽时，小麦籽粒硬度有反弹现象。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。