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1.
谷秆两用稻优质稻草栽培食用菌研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
对水稻秸秆品质进行遗传改良 ,选育出稻谷产量与推广品种相当、稻草品质优异的谷秆两用稻品种2 0 1。15N示踪表明 ,2 0 1能够把15N尿素有效地转化为稻草蛋白 (稻草15N回收率比CK高 10 4 .3% ) ;该稻草蛋白能有效地转化为菇体蛋白 (菇体15N回收率比CK高 2 1.7% )。 2 0 1优质稻草栽培草生食用菌 ,可提高菇产量和粗蛋白含量 :每公顷土地生产的 75 0 0kg稻草可增草菇 797.2kg、菇蛋白 6 7.9kg ;或增姬松茸6 75 .0kg、菇蛋白 80 .0kg。该优质稻草粉可替代等量麦麸栽培木生食用菌 (菇产量和粗蛋白含量与麦麸组没有显著性差异 )。栽培毛木耳、黑木耳、真姬菇、香菇、猴头菇时 ,稻草粉可替代占培养料总量 2 0 %的麦麸 ,栽培茶薪菇和金针菇时分别为 8%和 7.5 %。  相似文献   

2.
 对水稻秸秆品质进行遗传改良 ,选育出稻谷产量与推广品种相当、稻草品质优异的谷秆两用稻品种2 0 1。15N示踪表明 ,2 0 1能够把15N尿素有效地转化为稻草蛋白 (稻草15N回收率比CK高 10 4 .3% ) ;该稻草蛋白能有效地转化为菇体蛋白 (菇体15N回收率比CK高 2 1.7% )。 2 0 1优质稻草栽培草生食用菌 ,可提高菇产量和粗蛋白含量 :每公顷土地生产的 75 0 0kg稻草可增草菇 797.2kg、菇蛋白 6 7.9kg ;或增姬松茸6 75 .0kg、菇蛋白 80 .0kg。该优质稻草粉可替代等量麦麸栽培木生食用菌 (菇产量和粗蛋白含量与麦麸组没有显著性差异 )。栽培毛木耳、黑木耳、真姬菇、香菇、猴头菇时 ,稻草粉可替代占培养料总量 2 0 %的麦麸 ,栽培茶薪菇和金针菇时分别为 8%和 7.5 %。  相似文献   

3.
谷秆两用稻优质稻草饲养动物的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
 以水稻秸秆品质遗传改良选育的谷秆两用稻“2 0 1”的优质稻草进行了饲养动物的研究。15N示踪结果表明 ,“2 0 1”稻草中的蛋白质能够有效地转化为鱼体蛋白和小白鼠的体蛋白 ;“2 0 1”稻草饲养草鱼和小白鼠的饲料消化率、动物体15N回收率、动物吸收饲料蛋白分别比一般稻草高 13.8%、9.6 %、2 4 .4 9%和 16 .5 %、6 .0 %、4 7.2 % ,而动物粪便的15N回收率却比一般稻草低 3.2 5 %和 6 .5 %。“2 0 1”稻草饲养动物的试验效果如下 :①“2 0 1”稻草比一般稻草饲养奶牛 (黑白花 )能提高奶产量 8.3% ;②“2 0 1”鲜稻草饲养草鱼 ,鱼的日增重、日食草量、每千克鲜稻草鱼增重分别比一般稻草提高 6 0 .0 %、16 .8%和 37.0 % ;③“2 0 1”稻草作为配合饲料的主要原料饲养闽北白鹅 ,鹅的日增重和料肉比分别比饲喂以一般稻草为主要原料的提高 33.9%和 2 6 .8% ;④用 5 %的“2 0 1”优质稻草粉替代瘦肉型杂交猪全价配合饲料中的一部分麦麸 ,与用全价配合饲料饲养效果相同 ,而且瘦肉型杂交猪每增重 1kg可节省 0 .11kg精饲料  相似文献   

4.
 对5个大麦品种不同时期生物产量、粗蛋白质和氨基酸测定的结果表明,大麦生物产量在灌浆期最高,其中298品种具有优良的综合特性。粗蛋白质含量呈现逐渐下降的趋势,从营养中期到抽穗期下降的幅度最高,达40%-50%。大麦在营养期非蛋白氮的含量最高,占粗蛋白质含量的30%-40%。17种氨基酸的含量在生长期中具有三种变化类型,其含量的变化都直接与大麦的生长发育有关。  相似文献   

5.
为促进秸秆的资源化利用,通过装袋栽培法,设100%稻草(CK1)、100%玉米秸秆(CK2)、100%艾草秸秆(CK3)、稻草60%+玉米秸秆20%+艾草秸秆20%(T1)、稻草20%+玉米秸秆60%+艾草秸秆20%(T2)、稻草20%+玉米秸秆20%+艾草秸秆60%(T3)、33%稻草+33%玉米秸秆+33%艾草秸秆(T4)共7个处理,研究稻草、玉米秸秆和艾草秸秆的基料化利用对平菇生长及品质的影响。结果表明,100%稻草(CK1)或100%玉米秸秆(CK2)处理限制平菇菌丝体生长,现蕾出菇所需时间较长,平菇生物量和生物学效率均最低,而3种秸秆混合基料则有利于提升菌丝生长速度和生物学效率,且生物量较CK1和CK2分别增加112%~188%和38.9%~88.9%;适量(20%、33%)添加艾草秸秆较单一艾草秸秆处理(CK3)平菇可溶性蛋白含量增加32.2%~52.9%,异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和总酚含量有所提升;混合基料各处理(T1~T4)可一定程度增加平菇多酚氧化酶活性,还原糖含量较CK1、CK2和CK3处理分别提升10.0%~103.3%、26.9%~134.6%和32.0%~14...  相似文献   

6.
谷秆两用稻稻草作为香菇培养料的氮素转化效率研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
采用^15N同位素示踪技术比较谷秆两用水稻201与特优63水稻在氮吸收规律上的差异,探讨利用其稻草替代麦麸或米糠栽培香菇,氮素被菌丝吸收转化为子实体蛋白的转化效率,结果表明,201稻草含氮量,^15N回收率分别比特优63稻草提高47.07%和175.33%,而两个品种的稻谷含氮量、^15N回收率没有明显差异,用201稻草和米糠栽培香菇的含氮量、^15N回收率没有明显,差异含量分别为1.23%和1.08%(菌丝)、3.161%和3.526%(子实体),^15N回收率分别为5.64%和6.13%(菌丝)17.939%和19.998%(子实体),均显著高于特优63稻草处理。说明谷秆两用稻稻草具有高效率的氮吸收能力,且其氮素能较好地被香薅转化利用,可作为麦麸或米糠栽培香菇的替代资源。  相似文献   

7.
探讨高温环境下低蛋白质氨基酸平衡日粮对肥育猪生长性能、血清指标和蛋白质表观消化率的影响。90头平均体重为(65.90±3.37)kg 的杜长大三元杂交猪随机分为3个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪(5头公,5头母),1组为对照组,粗蛋白质水平为16.02%,2组、3组为试验组,日粮粗蛋白质水平分别为14.08%和12.05%。试验期40 d。结果表明,在日平均温度为29.53~31.16℃条件下,2组、3组平均日增重分别比1组提高2.49%和1.81%,差异不显著(P >0.05),平均日采食量、料重比组间差异不显著(P >0.05);血清皮质醇(F)、T3、T4浓度组间差异均不显著(P >0.05);血清尿素氮(BUN)浓度 2组、3组分别比1组降低10.45%和19.13%,差异均显著(P <0.05);氮表观消化率组间差异不显著(P >0.05),粪氮排泄量2组、3组分别比1组降低10.48%和25.64%,差异均显著(P <0.05)。由此可见,在高温环境条件下,低蛋白质氨基酸平衡日粮未能缓解热应激对肥育猪生长性能、血清指标和蛋白质表观消化率的影响。  相似文献   

8.
为解决山区池塘养殖草鱼的草料季节性短缺,用蛋白质含量高于一般稻草的谷秆两用稻稻草进行养殖草鱼试验.15N同位素示踪研究表明:草鱼对谷秆两用稻草配成的饵料消化率比汕优63稻草饵料提高13.8%,而谷秆两用稻草的蛋白质在鱼体中的转化效率比后者高24.5%.同时用稻草直接饲养的试验表明,谷秆两用稻草饲养的草鱼增重率比汕优63稻草和杂交狼尾草养殖的分别提高18.9%和13.0%,饲料效率也最高.研究说明用谷秆两用稻草养草鱼可获得较高的经济效益.  相似文献   

9.
丘陵红壤旱地鲜食红薯稻草全程覆盖栽培技术初探   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
田间试验研究结果表明:丘陵红壤旱地种植红薯,稻草全程覆盖条件下栽插均能活棵,有利于红薯成形和膨大,可明显改善红薯的外观品质,能显著增加薯块产量,红薯能够在稻草层中结薯。以稻草覆盖+客土壅薯蔸栽插方式为最佳,每公顷可产鲜薯块30565.5 kg,比CK增产27.85%,薯苗成活率达96.19%。与CK比较,稻草覆盖+有土栽插处理能加快红薯的生育进程。  相似文献   

10.
 选择3头回—直肠吻合术猪测定麦麸、米糠饲料原料的氨基酸消化率。结果为:麦麸的表观氨基酸消化率平均值为77.0%,平均真消化率为83.0%;米糠平均氨基酸表观消化率为69.6%,平均真消化率为82.5%。麦麸、米糠氨基酸真消化率分别比表观消化率高6%和12%。研究表明,以可消化氨基酸为基础配制猪饲粮,有必要测定麦麸、米糠氨基酸真消化率。  相似文献   

11.
The straw of Grain-Straw-Dual-Use-Rice (GSDUR) variety 201 of which the grain quality and yield were equivalent to that of common rice variety (the grain yield approximately 7.5 t ha-1 ), but straw protein content was 9.31% (common rice straw i.e. CK was approximately 4.0%), and other eight fodder indexes were better than CK to some extent, was employed to feed animals. 15 N tracing result suggested that the protein in 201 straw could be effectively transformed into fish body protein and white mouse body protein. The digestibility of fodder, the 15N recovery rate of animal body and the absorption of fodder protein were 13.8,9.6, 24. 49 % and 16.5, 6.0, 47.2 % higher than those of common rice straw respectively when feeding grass carp and white mice with 201 rice straw, whereas the 1s N recovery rates of animal manure were 3.25, 6.5 %lower than those of common rice straw, respectively. The results of feeding animals with 201 straw were as carp, fish weight gain per kg fresh rice straw were increased by 60.0, 16.8 and 37.0% respectively when 201fresh straw was used to feed grass carp compared to feeding CK, and fish yield could be increased by 297.5 kg creased by 33.9 and 26.8% respectively when 201 rice straw was used as the main raw material of the compound fodder to feed white geese compared to feeding CK, and geese weight could be increased by 2 358.0 kg powder substituting for wheat bran which made up of 5 % compound fodder to feed cross bred pigs compared to CK, but 0. 11 kg fine fodder could be saved when 1 kg cross bred pig weight was increased.  相似文献   

12.
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a lactic acid bacteria inoculant(Lactobacillus plantarum, LP), fibrolytic enzyme(EN), combination of LP and EN(LP+EN) on fermentation quality, nutritive characteristics and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration(TMR) silages containing 0, 7.5 and 15.0%(on dry matter basis) of rape(Brassica campestris L.) straw(RS)(denoted as CTMR, LTMR and MTMR, respectively). After ensiling for 60 days, TMR silages without additives were well preserved, but MTMR had higher p H than CTMR and LTMR. There were no differences in other parameters of fermentation quality, microbial composition, nutrition and in vitro digestibility between CTMR and LTMR except for yeast and mold number and crude protein(CP) content. CTMR and LTMR silage had higher CP content, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility(IVNDFD) and in vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility(IVADFD), lower acid detergent fiber(ADF) content than MTMR silage. LP and EN decreased p H and increased dry matter(DM) recovery of TMR silages. LP+EN improved the fermentation quality, nutritive characteristics and in vitro digestibility of TMR silages, showed by lower p H, ADF content, higher lactic acid content, in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) and IVNDFD. Therefore, It was suggested that TMR silage contained 7.5% RS on a DM basis and treated with LP+EN can be as a useful feed for ruminant.  相似文献   

13.
利用体内和体外消化试验评估粗饲料营养价值的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探索评价秸秆饲料营养价值的技术和方法,本试验对应用閹羊进行消化试验(in vivo)和体外消化试验(in vitro)即人工瘤胃方法评估稻草的营养价值进行了研究。结果表明,根据饲料的某些化学组成或体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)与总可消化背养物质(TDN)、消化能(DE)和可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)的相关关系,可对饲料的营养价值进行回归估测。体内消化试验与体外消化试验的干物质消化率之间的密切相关(相关系数r=0.87,p<0.05)表明利用体外消化试验估测饲料的营养价值是一种经济、可靠的方法。  相似文献   

14.
【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apparent metabolic energy, nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy, ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate in broilers, so as to provide the reference for the wide application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diets. 【Method】 A total of 160 Cobb white-feathered broilers at 18 days old with no difference in body weight were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group. There were 8 replicates in each group, and 10 chickens with half male and half female were in each replicate. The control group was fed a nitrogen-free diet consisting of corn starch, glucose, fiber and soybean oil, and the experimental group was fed a semi-homozygous diet using yeast hydrolysate as the sole crude protein source. Furthermore, the control group and the experimental group were fed with 0.5% titanium dioxide, respectively, as an exogenous indicator. During the whole experiment, free feeding was available for broilers, feces were collected on 22-24 days using total fecal collection method, and the feed intake of broilers was counted. Further, the apparent metabolic energy of yeast hydrolysate and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy were calculated by measuring the total energy and nitrogen content in both diets and feces of broilers. After26 days of experiment, the latter half of ileum was dissected under anesthesia, the chime was taken out, and the contents of amino acids and titanium dioxide in both diet and ileal chyme were measured to calculate the apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate. 【Result】 (1) The total energy value of yeast hydrolysate was 18.19 MJ·kg -1, the apparent metabolic energy value was 11.22 MJ·kg -1, and the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy was 10.17 MJ·kg -1. Effective energy was equivalent to that of common soybean meal. (2) Crude protein content of yeast hydrolysate was 41.7%, and total amino acid was 36.97%. The ratio of essential amino acid to dispensable amino acid was 44:56, which was close to that of common soybean meal. The limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Phe+Tyr, Val, His, lys, Thr and Trp, which were different from soybean meal. (3) The ileal apparent amino acid digestibility, standard ileal amino acid digestibility and total intestinal apparent amino acid digestibility of yeast hydrolysate were all higher than 70%. The available limiting amino acids were Met, Met+Cys, Arg, Leu, Ile, Thr, Phe+Tyr, His, Lys, Val, and Trp. Methionine and arginine were the first and the second limiting amino acids, and leucine and isoleucine were the third and the fourth limiting amino acids, respectively. Threonine was poorly available, and was regarded as the fifth restrictive available amino acid. In addition, the limiting amino acids of yeast hydrolysate were quite different to soybean meal. 【Conclusion】 Yeast hydrolysate was a kind of protein feed material. Its protein content and effective energy value were similar to soybean meal, but its amino acid composition and availability were quite different to soybean meal. Therefore, in the application of yeast hydrolysate in broiler diet, it was necessary to consider the need of supplementing different amino acids or mixing different protein feeds to balance amino acids.  相似文献   

15.
The major objective of this study was to determine the effect of corn straw or mixed diet on the small molecule metabolites of liver and milk production of healthy Chinese Holstein cows during lactation.In this study,metabolomic methods based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to study the liver metabolites of dairy cows fed on corn straw diet or mixed diet.Ten healthy Chinese Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups,under the same management condition,fed different diets respectively,corn straw group (CS) or a mixture of alfalfa hay and Chinese wild rye hay mixed forage group (MF).All the cows were fed for 8 weeks and recorded body weight,dry matter intake,body condition score,fat,protein,lactose,milk yield and the total solids.Livers were sampled from each cow through a liver puncture needle for analysis of a significant difference in small molecule metabolites in cow liver samples from the two different diets.The results suggested that different diet types had significant effects on liver metabolism and milk components in dairy cows.The contents of milk fat,the total solids,milk protein,lactose,dry matter intake (DMI),milk yield,milk protein (%),lactose (%) and milk fat (%) of the corn straw group were significantly lower than those of the mixed forage group (p0.05);the contents of phosphatidylcholine (PC),histidine,hypoxanthine and mridine in liver tissues of the corn straw group were significantly lower than those in the mixed forage group (p0.05);acetylcarnitine,uric acid,triacylglycerol (TG),acetal phosphatidylcholine (plasmenyl-PC),acetalphosphatidylethanolamine (plasmenyl-PE) and sphingomyelin (SM) of the corn straw group were significantly higher than those in the mixed forage group (p0.05).In summary,cows fed on mixed forage diet significantly improved milk yield and lactation performance clearly.  相似文献   

16.
不同肥料长期配施对春小麦产量和品质的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用灰漠土14年的长期定位施肥试验,研究不同肥料长期配施对春小麦产量和品质的影响,结果表明:施肥对增加小麦产量作用很大,特别是配施有机物料(有机肥或秸秆还田)小麦千粒重和穗粒数比长期不施肥处理平均提高16.4%和52%,其产量提高80%~90%,不同施肥处理小麦产量的变化顺序为:NPKM>NPKS>NPK>CK,说明经济系数决定经济产量,而肥料合理配施是增产的关键。不施肥处理的小麦籽粒粗蛋白和氨基酸含量比单施化肥处理要高,粗蛋白含量平均高20%,必需氨基酸含量平均高7.5%;配施有机肥对改善小麦籽粒品质促进作用较最大,与施化肥相比提高了小麦粗蛋白和氨基酸含量,更重要的是增加了蛋白质产量。配施有机肥有利于提高面粉品质指标,与施化肥处理相比,干、湿面筋含量提高11.9%,降落值提高8.3%,增强了面团稳定性和韧性;秸秆还田处理降低了面粉干、湿面筋的含量,导致面粉沉淀值的下降,面团稳定性表现出降低的趋势;长期不施肥其面粉品质、面团性质等多项指标均优于单施化肥处理。  相似文献   

17.
[目的]寻求提高黄芩产量和品质的栽培新途径。[方法]试验地共设地面覆盖物碎稻草厚度1和3cm、整稻草1和3cm、整玉米秸1和3cm、裸地(对照)7个处理,研究地面覆盖物种类和厚度对黄岑产量及黄岑苷含量的影响。[结果]经地面覆盖整稻草1cm、碎稻草1和3cm和整玉米秸1cm处理的黄岑比对照增产极显著,增幅为82%-106.6%;覆盖整玉米秸3cm处理的黄岑比对照增产显著,增幅为49.90%;黄岑苷含量以覆盖碎稻草1和3cm、整玉米秸3cm处理的最高,比对照增加11.18%~17.79%,但未达到显著水平;单位面积黄岑苷产量以覆盖整玉米秸1cm、碎稻草1和3cm处理的最高,比对照增加98.86%~127.49%。[结论]综合而言,覆盖材料以碎稻草最好,覆盖厚度以1cm左右为宜。  相似文献   

18.
用正常 (未去盲肠 )和去盲肠鸡测定进口鱼粉、大豆粕和麸皮的氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率。结果发现 :鱼粉的氨基酸真消化率普遍为正常鸡略高于去盲肠鸡 ,其中胱氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸差异显著(P <0 0 5 )或极显著 (P <0 0 1) ;豆粕的氨基酸真消化率两种试鸡很相近 ,仅有蛋氨酸去盲肠鸡显著高于正常鸡 (P <0 0 5 ) ;麸皮的氨基酸真消化率两种试鸡互有高低 ,蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸和丝氨酸表现为正常鸡显著(P <0 0 5 )或极显著 (P <0 0 1)高于去盲肠鸡 ,胱氨酸、缬氨酸、组氨酸和酪氨酸表现为去盲肠鸡显著 (P <0 0 5 )或极显著 (P <0 0 1)高于正常鸡。 3种饲料的总必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的表观消化率和真消化率在两种试鸡间差异不显著。两种试鸡大部分内源氨基酸排泄量差异亦不显著 ,仅有甘氨酸、天冬氨酸、缬氨酸的内源排泄量差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )或极显著 (P <0 0 1)。从其总氨基酸表观和真消化率来看 ,两种试鸡间绝大多数测值无显著性差异  相似文献   

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