野生龙葵果中营养成分的研究

本研究对野生龙葵果营养成分进行了比较全面地分析测试，对矿物质及维生素含量进行分析的基础上，对野生龙葵果的其它营养成分进行了分析，并与一些常用果蔬进行了对比研究。结果表明，野生龙葵果含有丰富的营养成分。     

河北省野生龙葵果实中营养成分的比较分析

龙葵(Solanum nigrum Linn)具有分布广、蕴藏量大、抗逆性强、易栽培、营养丰富等特点。通过对河北省不同地区野生龙葵果实的总糖、总酸和维生素C含量的测定,并进行比较分析,从而为龙葵选择最佳的生长环境、更有效地开发利用野生龙葵资源、实现龙葵的人工栽培及驯化提供理论依据。     

青海省龙葵生物学特性及资源储量

龙葵是青藏高原一种重要的野生药用植物,全草入药,富含生物甙、龙葵碱、澳洲茄碱等多种生物碱,具有抗炎、镇咳祛痰、影响血糖浓度以及调节中枢神经系统兴奋性等药理作用.同时,龙葵果营养成分丰富,富含果糖、矿物质和多种氨基酸等.但由于青藏高原自然环境条件恶劣,加之近年来对野生植物资源的过度开采,使得该野生植物资源量呈显著下降趋势,这对于青藏高原的生态环境保护及药用植物的开发利用都是不利的.文章采用野外定点法、最小样方法和统计学方法分别对青海省龙葵的植物学特性、群落数量特征和资源量进行了研究,并计算出龙葵的资源储量.     

蓝靛果忍冬的研究利用现状及其发展前景

蓝靛果忍冬(Lonicera edulis Turcz)又名蓝靛果、黑瞎子果、山茄子等(下文中简称蓝靛果)，是一种新兴的野生浆果资源，果实富含糖类、有机酸、矿物质、维生素(其中Vp、Vpp比一般果蔬含量高数百倍，Vc含量比苹果多数十倍)和多种微量元素，可鲜食，也可加工成饮料、果酱、果糕和果酒，具有很强的营养保健价值；茎叶和果实可提取天然紫红色素，是天然食品添加剂的重要来源，并且可以人药；植株可作园林     

野生龙葵果红色素最佳提取工艺筛选

以野生龙葵果为原料,分别采用常温提取、水浴锅热提取、微波辅助提取、超声波辅助提取4种提取方法,对龙葵果红色素的浸提条件及浸提方法进行了系统研究,通过对4种提取方法的吸光度和得率及试验方法的可行性进行比较分析,筛选出龙葵果红色素的最佳提取方法及工艺条件.结果表明:微波辅助提取法吸光度和得率最高,且提取方法简便易行,提取时...     

龙葵果中原花青素优化提取试验研究

以野生龙葵果为原料,以原花青素提取率为考察指标,研究提取溶剂浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间等因素对原花青素提取效果的影响。通过正交试验,确定野生龙葵果中原花青素的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取溶剂为60%的乙醇,料液比1∶15,提取温度25℃,提取时间80 min。此优化条件下提取野生龙葵果中原花青素的含量最高,达0.055 2%。     

龙葵果果酒提取工艺研究

以张家口地区的野生龙葵果为原料,探究龙葵果酒的最佳酿造工艺条件,采用单因素和正交实验对龙葵果果酒酿造工艺中的主要影响因素进行优化.结果表明,新鲜龙葵果原料酿造果酒的最佳发酵条件是发酵温度30℃、发酵液加糖量15 g、接种量30%、发酵周期6～7 d.     

野生龙葵的开发利用研究进展

介绍了近年来野生龙葵开发利用的最新研究进展,综述了龙葵在药用、食用、土壤修复、生物农药等方面的研究动态,对野生龙葵存诸多方面的应用研究进行详尽阐述,表明野生龙葵在多个方面具有较大的开发利用价值,并对龙葵今后的研究发展方向进行了展望.     

微波辅助浸提法提取野生龙葵果红色素的工艺筛选

以野生龙葵果实为原料,采用微波辅助萃取法,对龙葵果红色素的最佳浸提及浸提溶剂条件进行了筛选,结果表明:以1.5%柠檬酸溶液为提取剂,微波火力为中高火,料液比为1:20,微波处理时间1 min是微波辅助提取龙葵果红色素的最佳浸提条件.与传统的加热提取和常温提取相比,此法极大地缩短了提取时间,而且提取率也明显提高.     

蓝靛果忍冬规范化栽培

<正>蓝靛果忍冬(Lonicera edulis)是忍冬科(Caprifoli-aceae)忍冬属(Lonicera)灌木型野生果树,俗称蓝靛果、草甸子果、黑瞎子果等,广泛分布于我国东北和华北地区,俄罗斯远东、朝鲜北部也有分布。蓝靛果忍冬是一种营养丰富的森林浆果,果实中富含多种维生素、矿物质元素、氨基酸、黄酮类成分、碳水化合物、多     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。