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依据广东省部分市(县)654户村民农地承包权流转的有效调查问卷,构建了3类农地流转交易费用计量模型.研究表明,以农户人力资本为代表的专用性资产对农地流转交易费用影响微弱或不显著,而政策不确定性和行为不确定性的影响显著.认为国家应进一步稳定农村土地承包责任制政策,给农户以明确的预期;各地地方政府应提高农户的法律意识,降低违约行为的发生,克服村庄熟人社会现象等所带来的不利因素影响. 相似文献
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<正>节水灌溉是缭绕着具体的工程办法来进行的,因此有必要懂得现有的节水灌溉工程技巧及其特点。1、低压管道输水灌溉低压管道输水灌溉又称管道输水灌溉,是经过机泵(或利用天然水头)和管道系统直接将低压水引入田间进行灌溉的方法。这种利用管道取代渠道进行输水灌溉的技巧,避免了输水进程中水的蒸发和渗漏丧失,节俭了渠道占地,能抑制地形变革的不利影响,省工省 相似文献
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利用2012年四川省公共品供给调研截面数据,对灌溉设施供给满意度及其影响因素进行实证分析。描述统计和有序Logistic回归结果表明:1)从供给数量和供给质量看,不同村落间灌溉设施供给具有差异性;2)农户对灌溉设施供给满意比例低,不满意比例高;3)与2008年比,灌溉设施的供给虽有所改善,但总体仍然存在着不足;4)农户性别、是否党员、是否受益、家中非农工作人数比例、村有效耕地灌溉率、与2008年比和与邻村比灌溉设施质量情况等因素对农户满意度影响显著,是否村干部、项目实施前是否征求意见、是否投资等因素虽对农户满意度影响不显著,但在决策过程中也应充分考虑。 相似文献
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农户行为的影响因素、基本特点与制度启示 总被引:27,自引:1,他引:27
本文认为农户行为受农产品商品率、兼业程度、资产专用性程度、土地利用方式、农产品市场结构和农户行为角色等因素的影响;其基本特点表现为农户行为与价格机制调节方向既存在一致性,又存在不一致性;提出稳定农户行为的基本思路是;在坚持农户作为市场农业微观运行基本主体的前提下,创新市场农业的组织形式和交易方式。 相似文献
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一、农业综合开发项目主要建设内容
根据农业综合开发的总体目标.主要采取了低压输水管道灌溉、喷灌及渠道衬砌等节水灌溉技术:进行土壤改良、建立高标准农田建设示范工程;田间道路设计;农田防护林建设及技术推广、技术培训、扶持农技服务组织和示范农户等措施建设。 相似文献
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张学军! 《农业工程技术:农产品加工》2000,(1)
发展节水灌溉能获得节水、省工、增产、优质等效益,并能够节省土地、保护环境。节水灌溉包括灌溉过程、用水管理以及农艺节水等许多方面,而实际生产中节水灌溉则是围绕着具体的工程措施来进行的,因此有必要了解现有的节水灌溉工程技术及其特点。一、低压管道输水灌溉又称管道输水灌溉,是通过机泵(或利用天然水头)和管道系统直接将低压水引入田间进行灌溉的方法。这种利用管道代替渠道进行输水灌溉的技术,避免了输水过程中水的蒸发和渗漏损失,节省了渠道占地,能克服地形变化的不利影响,省工省力,一般可节水30%,增产20%,省… 相似文献
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河北省沧州市滨海地区耕地整治潜力大,水资源严重不足,节水灌溉措施成为区域土地整治持续的重要基础。该文以沧州市南大港孔庄子南土地整治项目为例,在种植业资源环境分析的基础上,针对滨海地区土地整治项目中管道输水工程的设计,从灌溉水源情况、取水工程布置、田间管道输水灌溉工程中管道布置及保护装置的设置等方面进行了分析和探讨,认为发展管道输水灌溉工程应是滨海地区扩大土地整治规模的重要措施。 相似文献
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针对农地流转产生的较高交易费用这一问题,运用交易费用及不完全契约理论,通过不完全契约模型,分析了农地流转中的交易费用的核心部分——专用性投资的水平.研究表明在“买方市场”下,农地流入方获得了流出方改善土地质量等方面投资的剩余决策权;专用性投资水平较高,有利于农地的可持续利用.但是,较高的专用性投资水平却增加了流入农户的负担.最后针对这一矛盾关系提出了一些相应建议,以期达到合理控制交易费用、促进农地流转的目标. 相似文献
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针对江苏省小型机电灌区的具体情况,开展了小型机电灌区高标准农田水利建设的规范化研究,提出了小型机电灌区的适宜控制面积、泵站-渠系规范化布置、田间渠系布置模式以及衬砌渠道最优横断面,并在江苏省宿豫县进行了试点推广工作,取得了令人满意的结果,为我国同类地区高标准农田水利建设提供了依据。 相似文献
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V. Feliu-Batlle R. Rivas-Perez F.J. Castillo-Garcia 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2009,69(2):185-197
This paper proposes a new strategy for the control of water distribution in an irrigation main canal pool characterized by large time-varying time delays. Time delays may change drastically in an irrigation main canal pool as a consequence of variations in its hydraulic operation regime. An original methodology is developed to design fractional order PI controllers combined with Smith predictors that yield control systems which are robust to changes in the process time delay. This methodology is applied to solve the problem of effective water distribution control in an irrigation main canal pool. Simulated results of standard PI and PID controllers plus a Smith predictor are compared with the controller developed in this paper when applied to the dynamic model of a real irrigation main canal pool. The simulation results show that the proposed controller outperforms standard controllers in terms of performance and robustness. 相似文献
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《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2010,70(2):185-197
This paper proposes a new strategy for the control of water distribution in an irrigation main canal pool characterized by large time-varying time delays. Time delays may change drastically in an irrigation main canal pool as a consequence of variations in its hydraulic operation regime. An original methodology is developed to design fractional order PI controllers combined with Smith predictors that yield control systems which are robust to changes in the process time delay. This methodology is applied to solve the problem of effective water distribution control in an irrigation main canal pool. Simulated results of standard PI and PID controllers plus a Smith predictor are compared with the controller developed in this paper when applied to the dynamic model of a real irrigation main canal pool. The simulation results show that the proposed controller outperforms standard controllers in terms of performance and robustness. 相似文献
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唐徕渠农田灌溉面积占引黄灌区总灌溉面积的1/5左右,节水潜力巨大。笔者从唐徕渠用水管理现状、存在问题及节水灌溉总体思路等方面进行了阐述,提出了加强唐徕渠灌域用水管理的具体措施,以提高用水效率和水资源的可持续利用,促进节水型社会建设。 相似文献
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宁夏引黄灌区干渠以下包括支、斗、农渠工程均由地方管理,在近2年推行的农业供水管理体制改革中,将原乡村集体管理的支斗渠交新组建成立的农民用水者协会管理,进一步规范工程及灌溉管理工作.通过对宁夏引黄自流灌区典型渠道末级渠系供水成本的调查测算,对供水成本构成因素进行定量定性的分析,提出改革末级渠系水价政策和加强末级渠水价管理的措施建议. 相似文献
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JI Xi-bin KANG Er-si CHEN Ren-sheng ZHAO Wen-zhi XlAO Sheng-chun JIN Bo-wen 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2006,5(2):130-140
Based on the data for meteorology, hydrology, soil, planting, vegetation, and socio-economic development of the irrigation region in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, Northwest China, the model of balance of water supply and demand in the region was established, and the security of water resource was assessed, from which the results that the effects of unified management of water resources in the Heihe River basin between Gansu Province and Inner Mongolia on regional hydrology are significant with a decrease in water supply diverted from Heihe River and an increase in groundwater extracted. In addition, it was found that the groundwater level has been steadily decreasing due to over pumping and decrease in recharges. In present year (2003), the volume of potential groundwater in the irrigation districts is far small because of the groundwater overdraft; even in the particular regions, there is no availability of groundwater resources for use. By 2003, water supply is not sufficient to meet the water demand in the different irrigation districts, the sustainable development and utilization of water resources are not secured, and the water supply crisis occurs in Pingchuan irrigation district. Achieving water security for the sustainable development of society, agriculture, economy, industry, and livelihoods while maintaining or improving the abilities of the management and planning of water resources, determining of the reasonable percentage between water supply and groundwater utilization and water saving in agricultural irrigation are taken into account. If this does not occur, it is feared that the present performance of water development and planning may further aggravate the problem of scarcities of water resources and further damage the fragile ecological system. 相似文献