一个金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白磷酸酯酶基因的克隆表达及酶活性测定

金黄色葡萄球菌是一种引起人畜多种感染的主要病原菌,开发治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染的新药途径之一是药物寻靶。研究克隆了一个金黄色葡萄球菌基因,并进行了蛋白诱导表达和酶活性测定。结果表明,该基因编码的蛋白具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酯酶活性。实验结果为进一步挖掘该蛋白作为药物靶标的潜在功能奠定了基础。     

国家新药筛选中心国际合作工作取得新的重要进展

由上海药物所等单位承担科技部重大科技专项“创新药物与中药现代化”“新药筛选及关键技术平台研究”课题的国家新药筛选中心，应用先进的高通量和高内涵药物筛选技术，对我国特有的化合物样品库(包括中药在内的天然产物)实施大规模随机筛选。在对筛选发现的活性化合物进行结构优化改造的基础上，开发治疗肿瘤、中枢神经系统疾病和代谢性疾病的原创新药。作为我国创新药物研究体系的重要组成部分，     

植物内生真菌生物碱活性成分的研究进展

查阅了近4年国内外相关文献,对植物内生真菌次级代谢产物中具有抗肿瘤、抗菌等活性的生物碱进行了综述,为寻找和发现天然药物先导性分子、新药开发提供参考.     

山茱萸环烯醚萜总苷降血糖研究进展

目前,西药已成为了防治糖尿病的主要药物,但西药副作用大,易产生机体耐受性,因而开发安全有效稳定可控的降糖新药迫在眉睫。山茱萸环烯醚萜苷具备强大的降糖功效,可开发利用其制备防治糖尿病新药。从山茱萸环烯醚萜苷的化学结构、降血糖作用和降血糖机制等方面进行综述,旨在为利用山茱萸环烯醚萜苷开发防治糖尿病新药提供依据。     

三种抗球虫复方制剂对治疗鸡球虫病的临床试验观察

<正>鸡球虫病是由艾美耳一属球虫寄生于鸡肠道上皮细胞内所引起的寄生虫病。本病呈世界分布,对养鸡业的危害十分严重。鸡球虫病感染普遍,发病率和死亡率都很高,而且球虫对各种防治的化学药物很容易产生耐药性,并能进行遗传,形成对某种药物的耐药虫株。因此在一定范围内,每隔1~2年要更换新药。鸡场不得不经常变换药物或加大药物的剂量来治疗本病。关于抗球虫药物的疗效问题,有许多人作了试验,寻找敏感的抗球虫药物,多以试验接种卵囊的方法,测得的结果是准确的。但临床自然感     

肝代谢调控下抗HBV感染的新策略:营养疗法

乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus,HBV)是一种嗜肝性DNA病毒,慢性HBV感染会引起严重肝脏病变(如慢性肝炎、肝硬化和肝癌)。大量研究表明HBV能够响应肝代谢变化,病毒基因调控与肝代谢基因调控存在密切关联。虽然相关研究仍处于探索阶段,但是在感染过程中病原与宿主代谢基因调控及肝代谢状态间的关联机制可能成为一种极具潜力的临床治疗策略。介绍了HBV感染与宿主代谢方面间的联系,指出适时进行营养疗法有望成为一种抗HBV感染的有效策略。     

海洋生物活性物质研究简述

海洋生物已成为天然药物的重要来源之一,从各类海洋生物中可提取分离到具有各种药用活性的化合物,具有开发成新药的潜力。该文对海洋生物活性物质主要种类、研究方法和具体应用进行了简要阐述,同时对海洋生物活性物质的研究方向及前景进行了展望。     

用药无须赶“时髦”

为了对疾病进行有效治疗，最有效的方法之一就是不断开发研制新药，增加对付疾病的武器，因而近年来新药可谓层出不穷。而大部分新药会比相应的老药疗效高．不良反应则比老药少，但并非所有新药都是如此。     

千金子高产栽培

千金子主要功效是泻下逐水、破血通经,是生产中药妇科千金片的主要原料。近年来,我国血吸虫病死灰复燃,并呈蔓延之势,作为治疗晚期血吸虫病的特效药物,千金子便重新派上用场。韩国也以其为原料成功开发出抗癌新药。     

化药在防治猪疾病中的应用及中药在畜牧业发展前景的概述

目的:阐明化学药物在防治猪疾病中的应用及问题,为新药研发提供参考。方法:检索、查阅近10年国内有关化学药物防治猪传染性疾病的文献,并按病毒性疾病和细菌性疾病分类分析总结。结果:病毒性疾病的防治一般使用抗生素或抗病毒类药物,连续用药5~7天,存活率在50%~90%之间。结论:不合理使用化学类兽药导致耐药菌增加,使防治猪疾病变得更加困难,新药的研发尤其是中草药的开发迫在眉睫。     

乙型肝炎与戊型肝炎病毒重叠感染者血清HBV标记物结果分析

目的：观察乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）与戊型肝炎病毒（ＨＥＶ）重叠感染对ＨＢＶ复制的影响。方法：以血清ＨＢｓＡｇ和抗ＨＥＶ均阳性患者３６例作为重叠组,以单纯ＨＢＶ感染患者３６例作为对照组。两组病例抗ＨＡＶ－ＩｇＭ和抗ＨＣＶ均为阴性。采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定两组的ＨＢＶ－Ｍ。结果：重叠组血清ＨＢｅＡｇ的阳性率明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）,抗ＨＢｅ阳性率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：ＨＢＶ与ＨＥＶ重叠感染后,ＨＢＶ的复制受到一定程度的抑制     

ELISA法与FQ-PCR对HBV三种血清标志物检测结果的比较

为了探讨与评价联合检测乙型肝炎HBeAg和Pre-S1Ag、HBV-DNA等血清免疫标志物在乙型病毒性肝炎临床诊断、治疗中的意义,利用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和荧光实时定量聚合酶链式反应（FQ-PCR）,对619例疑似或确诊乙肝患者的血清样本分别进行乙肝免疫标志物HBeAg、Pre-S1Ag和HBV-DNA的联合检测。结果表明,血清乙肝免疫标志物HbeAg检测为阴性时,不能完全表明患者乙肝病毒复制终止或病毒血症的消失;血清Pre-S1Ag检测结果有助于乙型肝炎的早期诊断,也可以作为乙肝病毒DNA复制的指标之一;而FQ—PCR检测血清HBVDNA结果则有助于乙型肝炎病毒的抗原或抗体血清滴度较低时肝炎的诊断。     

Specific expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in transgenic mice

Two transgenic mice were obtained that contain in their chromosomes the complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome except for the core gene. These mice secrete particles of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. In one mouse, HBV DNA sequences that had integrated at two different sites were shown to segregate independently in the first filial generation (F1) and only one of the sequences allowed expression of the surface antigen. Among these animals the males produced five to ten times more HBsAg than the females. A 2.1-kilobase messenger RNA species comigrating with the major surface gene messenger RNA is expressed specifically in the liver in the two original mice. The results suggest that the HBV sequences introduced into the mice are able to confer a tissue-specific expression to the S gene. In addition, the HBV transgenic mice represent a new model for the chronic carrier state of hepatitis B virus infection.     

Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication by drug-induced depletion of nucleocapsids

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of liver disease. Only interferon-alpha and the nucleosidic inhibitors of the viral polymerase, 3TC and adefovir, are approved for therapy. However, these therapies are limited by the side effects of interferon and the substantial resistance of the virus to nucleosidic inhibitors. Potent new antiviral compounds suitable for monotherapy or combination therapy are highly desired. We describe non-nucleosidic inhibitors of HBV nucleocapsid maturation that possess in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity. These inhibitors have potential for future therapeutic regimens to combat chronic HBV infection.     

乙肝病毒包膜蛋白结构与功能的研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)外膜蛋白包括SHBs蛋白、MHBs蛋白和LHBs蛋白,它们是HBV包膜的主要成分,可诱导机体产生相应的抗体。包膜蛋白在HBV侵入肝细胞的过程中起非常重要的作用,对于防治HBV的感染有重要意义。文中简要综述了包膜蛋白的基因结构、重要氨基酸或结构域的功能以及与包膜蛋白相互作用的蛋白3个方面的研究进展,并对其未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Antibodies to peptides detect new hepatitis B antigen: serological correlation with hepatocellular carcinoma

The expression of a previously unidentified gene product, encoded by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome, has been achieved with a recombinant SV40 expression vector. Antibodies against synthetic peptides representing defined regions of this protein were used to screen cells infected with recombinant virus as well as tissues naturally infected with HBV. A 24,000-dalton protein (p24) was detected in cells infected with recombinant virus and a 28,000-dalton protein (p28) was detected in tissues infected with HBV. The peptides or recombinant-derived protein were used as antigens to screen sera from individuals infected with HBV. Specific antibodies were detected predominantly in sera from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of p28 in tissues infected with HBV and the appearance of specific antibodies in infectious sera establish the existence of an additional marker for HBV infection.     

动物戊型肝炎研究进展

戊型肝炎（Hepatitis E,HE）是由戊型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis E virus,HEV）引发的一种急性病毒性肝炎,其宿主广,可感染多种动物,但临床症状不明显。文章通过对其病毒形态学、分子生物学、感染宿主、流行状况、诊断、疫苗研制等研究进展进行概述,并结合广西HE的流行特点及其毒株基因型,提出今后应加强广西HE分子流行病学、病原学、病原生态学、疾病传播及感染致病的分子机制、快速特异诊断技术和防控技术等研究。     

Viral clearance without destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection

Viral clearance during hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been thought to reflect the destruction of infected hepatocytes by CD8(+) T lymphocytes. However, in this study, HBV DNA was shown to largely disappear from the liver and the blood of acutely infected chimpanzees long before the peak of T cell infiltration and most of the liver disease. These results demonstrate that noncytopathic antiviral mechanisms contribute to viral clearance during acute viral hepatitis by purging HBV replicative intermediates from the cytoplasm and covalently closed circular viral DNA from the nucleus of infected cells.     

Proteolytic self-cleavage of hepatitis B virus core protein may generate serum e antigen

A model is proposed to explain the presence of the e antigen (HBeAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the serum of individuals infected with this virus. The e antigen, which has only recently been characterized, is a fragment of the virus core, or nucleocapsid, protein. Serum HBeAg is a valuable clinical marker for active HBV infection because its appearance correlates both with virus replication in the liver and with the presence of circulating virions. In this study a protease-like amino acid sequence was identified at the amino terminus of the core protein sequence. Experimental evidence indicates that HBeAg may be produced by proteolytic self-cleavage of the core protein.