Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫对白花蛇舌草幼苗生长状况的影响

【目的】探索Cd、Pb污染对中草药白花蛇舌草生长状况的影响。【方法】通过人工控制性水培实验,研究在Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫下白花蛇舌草幼苗生长的变化趋势。【结果】Cd-Pb复合处理对白花蛇舌草主根长、株高、生物量的胁迫作用比同水平单一处理更强;Pb单一处理时,白花蛇舌草的主根长、生物量、叶绿素表现为低浓度促进,高浓度抑制;Cd单一处理时对幼苗叶绿素有显著抑制作用。重金属胁迫下,使白花蛇舌草各项生长指标不低于正常生长的Pb最大浓度位于100～200 mg/L范围内,Cd最大浓度位于10～20 mg/L范围内。【结论】在Pb胁迫浓度大于200 mg/L,Cd胁迫浓度大于20 mg/L时均会不同程度的抑制白花蛇舌草幼苗的主根长、株高、生物量及叶绿素含量,且复合胁迫的抑制作用强于单一胁迫。     

Cd胁迫对波斯菊种子萌发、幼苗耐性及富集的影响

为给Cd污染地区采用直接播种方式的土壤植物修复提供理论依据,通过水培试验,采用WinRHIZO 2016根系测量分析软件、考马斯亮蓝G-250染色法、硫代巴比妥酸法、愈创木酚法、NBT光还原法、原子吸收分光光度计法,研究不同质量浓度Cd(0、0.3、3.0、20.0、60.0、120.0、180.0、240.0 mg/L)胁迫对波斯菊(Cosmos bipinnata)种子萌发、幼苗耐性与富集效果的影响。结果表明,0.3 mg/L Cd胁迫对波斯菊种子萌发、幼苗生长的促进作用不显著,3.0 mg/L Cd胁迫对波斯菊种子萌发的抑制作用不显著,对幼苗生长表现显著抑制作用,随着Cd质量浓度的升高,240.0 mg/L Cd胁迫对波斯菊种子萌发与幼苗生长表现为完全抑制;Cd胁迫处理间波斯菊幼苗芽长抑制指数差异显著,60.0 mg/L以下Cd胁迫处理间波斯菊幼苗根长抑制指数差异显著,波斯菊对Cd的抗性表现为茎根;254.225 mg/L Cd胁迫达到了波斯菊种子萌发的极限质量浓度。随着Cd质量浓度的增加,波斯菊幼苗的可溶性蛋白含量先升高再下降,丙二醛含量先降低后升高再降低,过氧化物酶活性先降低后升高再降低,超氧化物歧化酶活性先降低后升高再降低;波斯菊幼苗对Cd的吸收量随Cd胁迫质量浓度的增加逐渐增强,在180.0 mg/L Cd胁迫时,幼苗内Cd含量为47.83 mg/kg。波斯菊在3.0 mg/L以下的Cd胁迫下生长正常,最高能耐受180.0 mg/L Cd胁迫,种子具有较强的抗Cd胁迫能力。     

Cd、Pb及复合胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗根系的影响

研究不同浓度Cd2+、Pb2+及其复合胁迫对小麦种子萌发及幼苗根系生长的影响。采用发芽盒滤纸发芽法，分别设置不同浓度Cd2+（0,15,30,60,120 mg/L）、Pb2+（0,100,200,500,1000 mg/L）及Cd2+与Pb2+的复合溶液处理两个小麦品种，测定小麦种子发芽率、发芽势及幼苗根系生长等指标。结果表明：与对照相比，不同浓度的Cd2+、、Pb2+及其复合胁迫对小麦种子的发芽及根系生长均有抑制作用，并随浓度的增大抑制作用增强；单一低浓度的Cd2+、、Pb2+处理与对照之间多数无显著性的差异；Cd2+和Pb2+复合胁迫的强度要高于单一重金属Cd2+和Pb2+的处理；淮麦33对不同Cd2+和Pb2+及复合胁迫的耐性要高于烟农19。     

Pb、Cd单一及复合污染对小麦种子萌发和幼苗毒害作用

采用砂基培养方法,研究重金属Pb、Cd单一及其复合污染对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响。结果表明：当Pb离子浓度≤15mg/L,Cd离子浓度≤5mg/L,二者复合离子浓度≤10mg/L时,对小麦种子的萌发率、芽及幼根生长、叶绿素含量、CAT、POD酶活性都有促进作用;当超过此浓度时则表现为抑制作用。从根冠比可看出Pb、Cd对小麦根的影响大于对芽生长的影响,植物根对重金属污染的生态毒性最为敏感。Cd对小麦的毒害作用强于Pb;Cd、Pb复合污染对小麦的根系活力、叶绿素含量的影响比较复杂,复合浓度≤10mg/L时略弱于Cd单一污染;随着浓度进一步升高,会强于Cd单一污染,始终强于Pb单一污染。     

Pb胁迫对富集植物金丝草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以Pb超富集植物金丝草种子为试验材料,选取同为禾本科的百喜草种子为对照,设置不同Pb浓度(0、50、150、300、600、800 mg/L和1 000 mg/L)的胁迫水平,测定Pb胁迫条件下金丝草和百喜草种子的发芽率、发芽势及根长、芽长、胚质量等指标,比较Pb胁迫对金丝草和百喜草种子各萌发指标、抑制指数和幼苗生长影响的差异。结果表明:低Pb浓度胁迫(50 mg/L)对金丝草种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数有一定促进作用,随胁迫浓度的增大,种子萌发的各项指标受到较大程度的抑制,Pb胁迫浓度大于300 mg/L时,金丝草种子萌发受到显著抑制;而Pb胁迫条件下金丝草种子萌发指标均小于百喜草,但金丝草种子对Pb胁迫具有较强耐性,在Pb胁迫浓度为800 mg/L时,仍有一定萌发能力;Pb胁迫对金丝草根长和芽长无显著影响。     

铅、镉胁迫对水稻种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理指标的影响

以水稻品种协优9308为试材,研究不同浓度铅、镉对水稻种子发芽、幼苗生长及生理指标的影响.结果表明,在250～500 mg/L Pb2+或5～10 mg/L Cd2+胁迫下,水稻发芽率降低,但与对照差异不显著,芽和根的伸长受到抑制,尤其是根.同时,幼苗的鲜重和干重随Pb2+、Cd2+胁迫浓度升高而逐渐下降,叶绿素含量也下降.另外,根中可溶性蛋白和幼苗的可溶性糖含量均随Pb2+、Cd2+胁迫浓度增加而下降.     

Pb、Cd复合胁迫对桑树种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

目的研究不同含量Pb、Cd单一及复合胁迫对桑树种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响，以及桑树对重金属Pb、Cd的富集和迁移，探索桑树对修复Pb、Cd污染土壤的潜能。方法以桑树种子和幼苗为实验材料，通过发芽实验和盆栽实验研究不同含量Pb（0、250、500、750、1 000、1 250 mg/kg）和Cd（0、0.2、1、25、75、100 mg/kg）单一及复合胁迫对桑树种子发芽率、幼苗株高、生物量等影响，以及Pb、Cd在桑树根、茎、叶中的富集和迁移。结果（1）不同含量Pb、Cd单一及复合胁迫均对桑树种子萌发产生抑制作用；（2）低含量Pb、Cd（250、0.2 mg/kg）对桑树幼苗株高、生物量产生促进作用，当含量升高时转为抑制作用。（3）Pb、Cd主要积累于桑树根系中，低含量的Pb（250 mg/kg）会促进桑树对Cd的富集和迁移；桑树对Cd的富集及迁移系数高于Pb，但富集系数和迁移系数最高值均 < 1。Pb、Cd复合胁迫下，桑树对Pb、Cd富集和迁移系数小于单一胁迫；当Pb、Cd含量升高时，Pb、Cd富集系数和迁移系数均呈现下降趋势。结论不同含量Pb、Cd均会不用程度的抑制桑树种子萌发，抑制作用随Pb、Cd含量升高而增强。桑树不属于超富集植物，但对低含量Pb、Cd富集及转移系数较高，并且低含量Pb、Cd会促进桑树生长，可在低含量Pb、Cd污染土壤中开展种桑养蚕模式进行土壤重金属污染修复。      

Cd、Pb 单一及复合污染对广西莪术 生长的影响及其富集特性研究

以盆栽广西莪术为试验材料,用不同浓度的Cd、Pb单一及其复合处理,研究植物的生长变化及其体内Cd、Pb的积累和迁移。结果表明,Cd 1 mg/kg、Pb 100 mg/kg处理,广西莪术并没有出现毒害现象;其他处理表现出明显的毒害现象,且浓度越高,植株受到的伤害越大。叶绿素含量均随重金属浓度增大而下降,仅在处理30 d低浓度时,叶绿素含量显著上升。叶绿素a/b随污染浓度的增加而降低,而且单一重金属胁迫对植物叶绿素含量的影响小于复合重金属胁迫。广西莪术对Cd、Pb具有富集作用,地上部和地下部Cd、Pb含量均随着处理浓度升高而显著增加,且复合污染比单一污染的含量高。各处理广西莪术药用部位的Cd、Pb均未达到《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》(WM/T2—2004)标准,其中对照地下部Cd含量超过标准的7.43倍,Pb含量超过标准的7.58倍,在栽培生产过程中须严格监控土壤中Cd、Pb两种重金属的含量,以免抑制植株生长和重金属含量超标。     

铜镉复合胁迫对5种观赏草种子萌发特性的影响

本试验以5种狼尾草属观赏草为材料,探究了铜镉复合胁迫对供试材料种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,随着胁迫浓度的增加,5种狼尾草属观赏草种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、苗长、根长和幼苗鲜重均呈逐渐下降的趋势。低浓度Cu(≤100 mg·L~(-1))、Cd(≤10 mg·L~(-1))胁迫对5种供试材料的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗苗长和鲜重抑制作用相对较小,但幼苗根长开始受到明显抑制;高浓度Cu(400 mg·L~(-1))、Cd(100 mg·L~(-1))对各项指标抑制作用达到最大,幼苗甚至出现"无根苗"现象。采用隶属函数法对供试观赏草材料耐铜镉性进行评价,耐性强弱依次为金红羽狼尾草>小兔子狼尾草>紫叶狼尾草>东方狼尾草>紫穗狼尾草。综合分析认为金红羽狼尾草在不同浓度铜镉复合胁迫下耐受性表现较好,可进一步进行盆栽和大田试验,为耐铜镉超富集植物的种质资源筛选提供参考。     

高温胁迫下不同浓度烯效唑对百日草幼苗光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

以百日草3～4叶期的穴盘苗为试验材料,分析了高温胁迫下不同浓度(10,20,30,40 mg／L)烯效唑(S3307)对百日草幼苗的同化产物分配、光合作用、水分利用率、叶绿素荧光参数等指标的影响。结果表明:高温胁迫下S3307处理的百日草幼苗的株高降低,茎粗增加,地上部冠干重、地下部根干重及其根冠比均大于对照,并且S3307处理还提高了百日草幼苗的净光合速率、叶片水分利用率,显著减缓了高温胁迫对百日草幼苗光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的抑制作用,使百日草幼苗PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv／Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)下降缓慢,非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)升高幅度增大,从而使光合机构免受高温胁迫的伤害。以30 mg／L的S3307处理效果最佳。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。