北疆棉花膜下滴灌田间小气候特征性研究

设计棉花膜下滴灌与普通灌溉方式比较试验，结果表明，膜下滴灌棉花的光、温、水等田间小气候因子优于普通灌溉，从而可充分利用光热资源，提高棉花的产量品质，提高水产比。     

不同灌水技术对土壤水分及棉花叶面积指数的影响分析

为了探讨不同灌水方式对土壤水分变化及棉花叶面积指数变化的影响。通过测坑试验,设定3种灌溉方式(膜下滴灌、地下滴灌、痕量灌),利用PR2测定土壤水分,LAI-2200测定棉花叶面积指数。结果表明:每日连续灌水处理能保证土壤含水率波动较小,其中痕量灌处理能保证0～30cm和0～60cm土层含水率较均匀;地下滴灌处理后期棉花叶片生长旺盛,痕量灌处理下棉花叶片生长趋于缓慢,二者后期叶片衰老脱落的速率均比膜下滴灌处理快。     

新疆田间节水工程机械化作业配套机具综述

目前，在新疆规模化推广使用的节水灌溉技术主要有以下3种形式：(1)棉花膜下滴灌节水技术；(2)微喷灌节水技术；(3)作物根层渗灌技术。在实际应用中，以棉花膜下滴灌节水技术应用最为广泛，棉花滴灌全生育期比地面灌溉节水40％～45％；微喷灌节水50％左右，由于在作物结果期微喷灌易造成植株局部环境气温较低，影响作物坐果率和易滋生病虫害等，应用规模有所减少；根层渗灌较滴灌更为省水，有利于消灭地表杂草，减少病虫害发生和棉铃霉烂，正在逐步推广应用。在实际中，还有膜上灌溉以及常压软管微孔灌等节水灌溉技术，但由于节水效果尚不显著，应用规模也在逐步缩小。     

对新疆发展膜下滴灌技术的几点建议

0 引言 近年来,棉花膜下滴灌技术在新疆发展很快.与常规灌溉相比,膜下滴灌比常规灌溉节水40%～50%,皮棉增产15～20 kg/667m2,平均增效200元/667m2以上,这对于增加农民收入,繁荣农村经济发挥着极其重要的作用.     

盐池县玉米膜下滴灌技术效益研究

为更好地应用灌溉技术,使其在玉米种植中发挥重要作用,以玉米品种迪卡656为试材,设置6个灌水处理：A覆膜不灌溉、B露地不灌溉、c覆膜沟灌、D露地畦灌、E露地滴灌、F膜下滴灌,采取大区对比方法,对盐池县玉米膜下滴灌技术效益进行了分析。结果表明：膜下滴灌较露地滴灌种植玉米增产12．9％,增收1917．6元·hm^-2,水分利用效率增加16．2kg·mm^-1·hm^-2,提高20％;比常规灌溉种植增产21．5％～27．5％,水分利用效率增加71．O～71．8kg·mm^-1·hm^-2。     

不同矿化度水源膜下滴灌对棉花土壤盐分分布及生长的影响

利用微咸水膜下灌溉是缓解干旱区农业灌溉资源短缺的有效途径之一,分析不同矿化度水源膜下滴灌对土壤盐分分布及作物生长的影响对于确定灌溉水源矿化度阈值具有重要意义。开展4 a不同梯度矿化度水源膜下滴灌棉花测坑试验,设置6个处理矿化度分别为1 g/L(CK)、2 g/L(A)、3 g/L(B)、4 g/L(C)、5 g/L(D)和6 g/L(E),分析不同梯度矿化度水源膜下滴灌土壤盐分累积及棉花生长特征,确定微咸水膜下滴灌棉花灌溉矿化度阈值。结果表明：2019-2022年,0～100 cm平均土壤电导率以每年0.920dS/m、0.995 dS/m、1.196 dS/m和1.188 dS/m的速率呈线性增长的趋势。随着灌溉年限增加,不同梯度微咸水膜下滴灌下土壤电导率呈现增加趋势。5 g/L和6 g/L处理土壤盐分累积最大,分别为38.70%和39.19%;灌水12 h后,宽行表层20～40 cm土壤盐分累积最为明显,土壤电导率为0.30～2.1 dS/m;窄行土壤盐分在40～60 cm土层处出现累积,土壤电导率为1.26～1.93 dS/m。矿化度为3 g/L水源膜下滴灌棉花土壤盐分累积量较小...     

棉花膜下滴灌施肥技术

棉花膜下滴灌技术是滴灌节水技术与覆膜植棉技术的有机结合,是一种作物根系区域局部灌溉技术,具有显著的优点,采取膜下滴灌技术,中低产田可增产30%,节约肥料34%～40%,节水50%以上,提高土地使用率4%～6%,抑制土壤盐渍化,提高劳动生产率。本文通过对滴灌棉田土壤水肥运移分布及施     

滴灌技术在棉花栽培中的应用

1棉花膜下滴灌好处增产增收亩均较畦灌增产籽棉60-80kg,增收190-250元／亩。节省成本滴灌较膜上畦灌节省水费、机耕费、农药费和化肥费等费用合计75-80元／亩。省地滴灌省去了畦灌的斗、农、毛渠,一般土地利用率增加5％左右。省水滴灌可确保灌溉均匀,并且比畦灌节水60％。节肥易溶肥料利用滴灌设备随水滴到作物根系集     

北疆棉花膜下滴灌耗水规律的研究

在3种灌溉量(2 850、3 900、4 950m3/hm2 )下研究了棉花膜下滴灌各生育期的耗水量与耗水强度.结果表明棉花的耗水量随着灌量的增加而增大,在北疆滴灌棉花适宜的灌溉量为3 900 m3/hm2,棉花最大蒸散量出现在花铃期,其中开花-吐絮期,耗水量240.96 mm,最大耗水时段为现蕾-吐絮,日均耗水量3.29～4.15 mm.棉花根系主要吸水层在0～60 cm土壤深度,高灌溉量棉花的吸水强度在0～40 cm大于低灌溉量,而在40～60 cm恰恰相反 .高灌溉量下棉花蕾期以前的土壤蒸发强度增大,干物质生产能力并没有相应增加,适当调节蕾期以前的灌溉量可以提高水分的利用效率.     

棉花膜下滴灌决策支持系统研究*

实现棉花膜下滴灌水分实时管理与自动控制,是新疆节水技术发展的必然要求。结合新疆生产实践,自主研发的棉花膜下滴灌决策支持系统以数据库、模型库、知识库和方法库为技术核心,通过田间传感器进行数据实时采集、计算、分析与决策,由控制系统发送决策指令来控制灌溉设备开闭提高了灌溉的时效性     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。