Se对小麦种子发芽与根伸长抑制的生态毒理效应

采用水培试验研究了Se对小麦发芽时的胁迫效应,并结合土培试验,研究比较了3种土壤(石灰土、红壤、黄棕壤)Se污染对小麦种子发芽率和根伸长的生态毒理效应。结果表明,Se在适量范围内(<0.5mg·L-1)对种子萌发过程中各生理指标有促进作用,高剂量(>5mg·L-1)时,对种子活力、α-淀粉酶及幼苗和根生长具有胁迫效应。对Se浓度与种子发芽各项指标抑制率相关分析,呈显著正相关。按EC25比较,根长抑制率>根干重抑制率>茎叶长抑制率>α-淀粉酶抑制率>发芽抑制率,Se污染对根生长抑制最为敏感。不同土壤对种子发芽率和根伸长的抑制率研究表明,Se对种子根伸长的抑制率远远大于发芽抑制率。Se对根伸长的抑制率随着土壤Se含量的增高而增大,两者呈极显著的正相关,根伸长抑制率可作为土壤污染的生物指示物。采用EC10计算得Se土壤临界值:石灰土为38.7mg·kg-1,黄棕壤为138mg·kg-1,红壤为182mg·kg-1。     

镉胁迫对烤烟生长及生理特性的影响

通过营养液水培试验,研究了不同浓度Cd对烤烟生物量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明,Cd胁迫下的烟株生长受到抑制,烟株地上部干重和根干重随Cd胁迫强度的增加而降低,Cd处理浓度越高,抑制的效应越明显。低浓度Cd(<8 mg.kg-1)对烤烟叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素含量有促进作用,并提高烟株体内活性氧防御体系,使MDA酶含量下降,SOD、POD酶的活性相应提高。高浓度Cd(>16 mg.kg-1)对烤烟叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、类胡萝卜素含量有明显的抑制作用,对活性氧防御体系产生胁迫效应,MDA酶含量上升,SOD、POD酶活性明显下降。各项生理指标与Cd处理浓度之间相关分析表明,Cd浓度与根部生物量呈显著负相关,与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、类胡萝卜素、SOD、POD呈极显著负相关,与MDA呈极显著正相关。MDA含量变化为Cd胁迫烤烟生长的最敏感生理指标。     

铅胁迫下不同生态型东南景天叶片抗氧化酶活性及叶绿素含量比较

采用现场采集植物样品、室内溶液培养方法,研究了铅胁迫对铅富集生态型和非富集生态型东南景天叶片干重,叶绿素含量和叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,即使在480mg·L-1处理水平,富集生态型东南景天的叶片干重,叶绿素a+b,叶绿素a,叶绿素b和MDA水平与对照相比均无显著差别。非富集生态型的叶绿素a+b,叶绿素a,叶绿素b和MDA水平明显低于对照。两种生态型的SOD、POD、CAT活性在铅胁迫下均比对照有所增加,但富集生态型增加的程度低于非富集生态型。由此推测,在相同铅胁迫下,富集生态型东南景天叶片细胞的受害程度小于非富集生态型。富集生态型叶片铅含量与叶片POD、CAT活性变化呈显著正相关;而非富集生态型叶片铅含量与叶片干重、叶绿素含量变化呈显著负相关,与MDA含量和SOD活性变化呈显著正相关。     

观音竹对盐胁迫的生长及生理生化响应

分别以含不同浓度(0、0.1%、0.3%、0.5%、0.8%)NaCl的1/4改良Hoagland营养液处理1年生观音竹盆栽苗,测定胁迫后第5、9、13、17、21、25天后叶片的各项生理生化指标及植株生物量。结果表明,随着NaCl胁迫增强,观音竹叶片的细胞质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和叶绿素a/b比值提高,茎叶和根生物量、根冠比、叶绿素(a+b)含量、叶绿素a含量及叶绿素b含量降低,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及可溶性蛋白质含量均呈先增后降的趋势。观音竹适宜在NaCl浓度低于0.5%的土壤中生长,否则其生长会受到抑制。     

酸雨和Cd胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长和抗氧化酶系统的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究酸雨和Cd复合胁迫对紫花苜蓿生长和生理特性的影响.结果表明:在同一模拟酸雨喷洒下,施Cd量为5 mg·kg-1时,苜蓿地上部和根系的干物质积累量,总叶绿素、叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量均高于无Cd处理;当Cd浓度进一步增加时,苜蓿的生长受到抑制.超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性随施Cd量的增加而显著下降,丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量则与SOD活性变化呈相反的趋势.过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性随施Cd量的增加有一个先逐渐升高,在达到一个最大值后下降的过程;而过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性则随施Cd量的增加而增加.在酸雨胁迫下,pH 3.5的酸雨对苜蓿伤害最严重.模拟酸雨与Cd复合污染对紫花苜蓿地上部干重、MDA含量、SOD和POD活性具有显著的交互作用.     

三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯对小麦叶绿素和土壤呼吸率的影响

采用室内模拟实验方法,研究了三氯乙烯(TCE)和四氯乙烯(PCE)对小麦幼苗叶绿素含量和土壤呼吸率的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的TCE、PCE对小麦叶绿素的合成有不同程度的抑制作用,且浓度越大抑制作用越强。TCE、PCE对小麦叶绿素的半抑制浓度分别为131.81和106.08mg·kg-1,说明PCE毒性大于TCE。TCE≥4.00mg·kg-1和PCE≥3.00mg·kg-1对土壤呼吸率都表现出了抑制作用,抑制率大小和浓度有关,浓度越大,抑制率越大。TCE和PCE对土壤呼吸率的抑制是暂时的,随着时间延续,土壤呼吸率会有所恢复。     

戊二醛胁迫对黑藻光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为探讨戊二醛对常见沉水植物的危害,用含有0、1、5、10、50 mg·L-1戊二醛的1/20 Hoagland营养液培养沉水植物黑藻,就不同浓度的戊二醛胁迫下黑藻叶绿素含量、光合速率、抗氧化酶（SOD、POD和CAT）活性和MDA含量变化进行试验研究。结果表明：戊二醛抑制叶绿素的合成或使其分解加速,叶绿素含量下降,光合速率下降;1、5 mg·L-1的戊二醛处理1 d和3 d后,SOD活性上升;1、5、10 mg·L-1的戊二醛处理1 d和3 d后,POD活性上升;经1 mg·L-1戊二醛处理后,CAT活性均处于较高水平,但当戊二醛浓度大于等于5 mg·L-1时,CAT活性与对照相比明显下降。经1 mg·L-1戊二醛处理,MDA含量没有明显变化;经5、10、50 mg·L-1戊二醛处理3 d后,MDA含量上升。低浓度戊二醛胁迫后能诱导黑藻的抗氧化酶活性增加,随着胁迫处理时间的延长和处理浓度的增大,抗氧化酶活性下降,但1 mg·L-1戊二醛处理7 d后,CAT活性没有下降,说明CAT对戊二醛的耐受能力较强。     

镉-豆磺隆复合污染对小麦生物学性状与品质的胁迫

采用盆栽试验,研究了黑土土壤镉-豆磺隆复合污染对小麦生物学性状与品质的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的镉、豆磺隆复合对小麦辽春10号(TriticumaestivumL)生物量的影响表现出协同作用,而且随着镉浓度的增加,小麦株高、地上部鲜重与干重以及根的鲜重与干重表现出下降的趋势,其中当镉的浓度达到100mg·kg-1时,小麦生长迟缓,植株矮小等中毒症状比较明显,地上部鲜重变化最大,相对于对照下降了83.1%,根鲜重下降了72.0%,地上部干重下降了69.7%,根干重下降了63.0%,株高下降40.1%。加入豆磺隆后这种趋势更加明显,不同浓度豆磺隆表现出的抑制程度为:30μg·kg-1>10μg·kg-1>0。小麦积累镉的量,随着镉浓度的增加而增加,反映其品质不断下降。其中根部镉浓度增加的幅度很大,由41.2mg·kg-1增加到438.2mg·kg-1;但当投加镉的浓度达到100mg·kg-1时,小麦积累镉的量呈现下降的趋势;高浓度豆磺隆处理的小麦积累镉的量,低于低浓度处理的情况。     

利用作物苗期毒性指标表征土壤Ni污染的研究

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了在褐土土壤中Ni胁迫条件下,利用小麦幼苗茎叶中Ni含量、生物减产量和POD活性突变点所对应的土壤含Ni量表征土壤Ni污染。结果表明,土壤中全Ni量与土壤有效态Ni和幼苗中Ni含量呈极显著正相关;幼苗含Ni量与叶绿素含量及幼苗POD活性变化呈显著负相关,而与Fe元素含量变化无相关性;土壤中有效态Ni含量与小麦幼苗生物量呈极显著负相关,同时幼苗叶绿素含量和POD活性均与小麦幼苗生物量呈极显著正相关。据以上3个毒性指标表征土壤Ni污染,其减产临界值为:土壤中有效态Ni的质量分数为5mg·kg-1(CaCl2提取);小麦茎叶中Ni的质量分数为25mg·kg-1;POD活性转折临界值为40mg·kg-1。     

制革污泥污染土壤中铬对小麦的富集及生化效应研究

制革污泥农用所引起的铬污染风险性是制革业发达的国家较为关注的课题,而有关污泥中Cr(Ⅲ)对农作物的危害机制尚有许多不明确的答案,为此利用盆栽培养试验对制革污泥污染土壤中Cr(Ⅲ)在小麦幼苗富集及生化性质方面进行了研究。结果表明,高浓度Cr(Ⅲ)对根系的抑制作用远大于地上部分,地上部分Cr(Ⅲ)最大富集量低于150mg·kg-1,幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b比值的降低趋势与生物量变化趋势相对应。土壤Cr(Ⅲ)浓度低于1000mg·kg-1时,小麦幼苗叶片中MDA含量与对照无明显区别,高于1000mg·kg-1时,MDA含量显著增大,表现出Cr(Ⅲ)对植物膜体系的明显损伤效应。Cr(Ⅲ)的存在对小麦幼苗中SOD和AsA-POD活性影响表现截然不同,Cr(Ⅲ)对SOD活性具有显著的诱导效应,浓度升高时仍未表现出抑制效应,而Cr(Ⅲ)对AsA-POD活性未发现诱导效应,其抑制作用非常显著。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。