绿色农产品的“柠檬效应”及其营销对策

介绍了绿色农产品的“柠檬效应”，分析了绿色农产品的“柠檬效应”形成的原因，归纳出其带来的恶意欺骗和高位定价等问题，从营销视角提出了规避绿色农产品“柠檬效应”的对策建议：一是加强绿色农产品的质量管理，提高绿色农产品质量水平，建设绿色农产品品牌，政府应培育品牌建设的主体，引导品牌主体加强品牌建设与管理意识；二是构建绿色农产品销售渠道体系，利用现代化绿色农产品交易物流中心销售产品，与绿色农产品加工企业、大型超市和宾馆饭店建立长期合作伙伴关系，建立直销专卖店，利用互联网进行网上营销；三是做好绿色农产品的促销工作，综合利用广告、人员推销、销售促进和公共关系4种促销策略共同推动绿色农产品市场的健康发展。     

陕西省绿色农产品发展现状与对策

对绿色农产品的概念进行了比较完整的界定与阐述,并在介绍陕西省绿色农产品发展现状的基础上,提出了发展绿色农产品的6条对策措施:提高消费者的绿色消费意识;加快绿色农产品产业化经营,健全并强化绿色农产品质量标准和监测检验体系;加快绿色农产品生产基地建设;加强绿色农产品的法制建设;积极发展绿色营销战略。并对陕西省绿色农产品发展前景进行了论述。     

打造吉林省农产品绿色品牌的对策研究

发展绿色农业对于吉林省经济发展具有重大意义。但在激烈的市场竞争中，吉林省绿色农产品品牌竞争力不强的问题，制约着吉林省绿色农业的进一步发展。文中对吉林省绿色农产品品牌经营的优势和制约因素进行了实证分析，探讨了吉林省绿色农产品品牌成长与发展缓慢的症结所在，并分别从如何“造”农产品绿色品牌和如何“打”好农产品绿色品牌两方面提出对策建议：实施标准化的质量管理，不断提高产品质量；实施科技创新，生产异质性农产品；进行准确的品牌定位，突出品牌独特形象；运用多种方式，加强品牌宣传；建立合理支持机制，推进品牌形成与发展；整合品牌资源，提高配置效率等。     

信贷支持农业绿色发展研究

基于信贷角度，阐述信贷支持农业绿色发展必要性，分析信贷资金支持农业绿色发展的重点与面临的主要问题，探讨信贷支持农业绿色发展的对策建议。结果表明，传统粗放型农业生产方式使得中国农业资源利用率和生产效率低、农产品品质差、农业面源污染严重。农业绿色发展面临内生性和外部性资金供应不足的问题，通过引导信贷资金流入农业绿色生产龙头企业和新型农业经营主体、绿色高效农资和节能高效农机生产企业等领域，提高农业资源利用率、农业生产效率和农产品品质，提升农产品竞争力。然而，信贷支持农业绿色发展缺乏相应配套制度体系、绿色信贷工作体系尚未完善、消费者绿色农产品消费行为疲软等问题。因此，为实现农业绿色发展，提出加大对农业绿色生产者和农业绿色信贷的补贴力度、激励农业绿色信贷的实施；加快农业绿色发展法律体系建设、完善绿色农产品认证体系和涉农企业环境信息披露制度；完善和创新农业绿色信贷工作体系；降低绿色农产品价格、提升消费者信任度等政策建议。     

发展绿色农产品产业 推进外向型农业建设

通过发展绿色农产品来提升农产品竞争力,从而破除绿色贸易壁垒,推进外向型农业建设。就绿色农产品的概念内涵、发展的重要意义进行综述与分析,并提出相应的措施和对策。     

入世后的上海农产品批发市场发展研究

“入世”对中国农产品批发市场将产生较大的冲击，中国的农产品批发市场正面临着生存与发展的抉择。而其目前规模小、分布散、效益低、市场功能残缺不全的问题将阻碍上海农产品批发市场在WTO框架下的持续发展。本项研究借鉴国外发达国家农产品批发市场建设的经验与教训，研究了上海农产品批发市场发展现状与问题；WTO框架下的上海农产品批发市场发展方向；建设现代化农产品批发市场的保障措施。结果认为：压缩上海市中心批发市场的数量，积极发展产地市场，运用现代营销方式是上海农产品批发市场今后的发展方向；并提出了制定中长期发展规划、健全政策法规、扶持农产品中介组织和经纪人队伍的建议等有关建设上海现代化农产品批发市场的保障措施。     

发展绿色农产品产业推进外向型农业建设

通过发展绿色农产品来提升农产品竞争力,从而破除绿色贸易璧垒,推进外向型农业建设.就绿色农产品的概念内涵、发展的重要意义进行综述与分析,并提出相应的措施和对策.     

浅议我国农产品保鲜加工业的管理与发展策略

在对我国农产品保鲜加工现状与发展在产品贮藏加工必要性阐述的基础上，提出发展我国农产品保鲜加工业的策略是建立配套的服务体系；走以小型节能贮运设施为基础，以材料保鲜为主体的农产品保鲜道路；保证食品安全，走绿色保鲜之路；建设优质产品基地舜口建立示范与培训工程；农产品保鲜加工新技术发展趋势。     

山东半岛农产品加工产业带建设研究

从6个方面研究了山东半岛农产品加工产业带建设问题。首先，划定了半岛农产品加工产业带的区域范围；其次，分析了建设半岛农产品加工产业带与山东半岛城市群、山东半岛制造业基地的战略关系及其意义；三是客观估价了山东半岛农产品加工产业带的发展现状、特点、存在问题及比较差距；四是研究确定了山东半岛农产品加工产业带建设的指导思想、基本原则及发展目标；五是提出了山东半岛农产品加工产业带的建设布局与重点；六是从4个方面研究提出了山东半岛农产品加工产业带建设的政策与措施。     

关于“十一五”期间垦区农产品质量安全工作的思考

党的十六届五中全会是党中央以科学发展观规划我国“十一五”经济和社会发展的重要会议。学习贯彻好会议精神和中央1号件，对于我们研究农产品质量安全管理工作，抓住重要战略机遇期，采取有效措施健全农产品质量安全体系，加快黑龙江垦区无公害、绿色、有机农产品发展，建设全国最大的绿色农产品生产基地和绿色农业示范区，实现现代农业与绿色食品产业可持续发展，都具有十分重要的意义。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。