3种云杉嫩枝扦插生根特性的研究

选用欧洲云杉、粗枝云杉和青海云杉嫩枝为插穗,以粗粒干净河沙为基质,经200 mg·kg-1 ABT1浸泡插穗基部1 h后,在全光照自动间歇喷雾下进行嫩枝扦插试验.结果表明:不同树种间扦插生根率差异显著,生根数、根系总长和根系效果指数差异达到极显著水平.3种云杉生根能力大小为:欧洲云杉＞青海云杉＞粗枝云杉.200 mg·kg-1 ABT1对3种云杉的生根有明显地促进作用,其对不同云杉生根率的作用大小为:青海云杉＞欧洲云杉＞粗枝云杉.     

黑云杉嫩枝扦插育苗技术的研究

采用全光自动喷雾扦插育苗设备进行了黑云杉半木质化嫩枝扦插育苗试验。3年研究结果表明，在辽宁省东部地区气候条件下，以ABT200mg/kg浸插穗30-50min，生根率达到78.3%。而且根系发育良好；嫩枝插穗生根率比带部分硬枝的插穗生根率高49%。两差异达显水平；河沙插壤比锯末插壤生根率提高11.2%。嫩枝插穗扦插后。25d形成愈伤组织，40d左右出现根状凸起，50d生根，秋季起苗，沙藏越冬，翌年移植成活率高达92.5%。当年新梢生长量6.6cm。     

油橄榄佛奥扦插育苗试验

以油橄榄品种佛奥为试材,进行不同基质、不同时间、不同类型插穗、不同树龄以及不同激素处理的扦插育苗试验。结果表明,佛奥扦插育苗生根率随着插穗母树树龄的增大而下降;11月至翌年4月间扦插育苗生根率高达68.5%～78.7%,平均73.5%,且生根速度快,是扦插育苗的理想时期;插穗宜选用1～3年生母树上的径粗0.2～0.4 cm木质化程度中等的当年生绿枝,老龄母树的插穗、木质化程度过高的老枝和未完全木质化的嫩枝,均不利于生根;扦插基质宜选用珍珠岩或珍珠岩+草炭混合基质(等体积比);激素处理对提高插条生根率、生根量有明显效果。     

巨桉嫩枝扦插育苗试验

以巨桉组培苗为采穗母株,开展嫩枝扦插育苗试验.试验结果表明半木质化嫩枝扦插育苗生根率较高;生长激素浓度和基质是影响扦插育苗生根率的重要因素;扦插育苗生长激素以1000mg·kg-1ABT1号生根粉效果最好,基质以70%红心土±30%火烧土为佳,生根率可达80%以上.     

红乳葡萄双芽嫩枝扦插育苗试验

通过红乳葡萄双芽嫩枝扦插育苗试验,研究了不同生根激素对其生根的影响。结果表明,红乳葡萄嫩枝插穗,在全光自控弥雾条件下,IBA、NNA、九二○等3种生根激素处理的扦插生根率极显著地高于清水对照,分别较清水对照提高34.78%、27.54%、13.48%。     

美丽胡枝子的扦插繁殖试验研究

[目的]探究美丽胡枝子的快速育苗技术。[方法]以美丽胡枝子当年生嫩枝和1～2年生老枝为插穗进行扦插试验，研究不同插穗类型对插穗生根率的影响以及不同激素处理对嫩枝扦插生根质量的影响。[结果]采用当年生嫩枝木质化程度稍低的中部和木质化程度稍高的基部作插穗时，其生根率分别为32．40％和9．26％，而老枝的生根率为0；采用浓度分别为200、500和800mg／L的生根粉1号和NAA2种激素处理的试验表明，生根粉1号和NAA均可提高扦插生根率，且随处理液浓度的升高生根率逐渐提高，其中以浓度为800mg／L的生根粉l号处理效果最好，其生根率达46．3％，比对照提高42．86％。[结论]美丽胡枝子的扦插宜采用当年生的嫩枝作插穗，用植物激素进行处理插穗可提高生根质量。     

青钱柳嫩枝扦插育苗的研究

以青钱柳当年生嫩枝为插穗,分别对不同的育苗基质、不同种类和浓度的生根剂及处理时间进行青钱柳插条生根效应的研究。试验结果表明:扦插时间以5月中旬至6月中旬为最佳时间;扦插基质以蛭石 珍珠岩最合适;生根剂以SJc l对青钱柳扦插苗生根有明显的促进作用,SJc l浓度为250 mg/L,浸泡时间3 h时生根率达最高,生根率为45.6%;健壮当年生的半木质化枝条是青钱柳理想的扦插材料。     

青钱柳嫩枝扦插影响因素的研究

[目的]研究影响青钱柳嫩枝扦插成活率的基本条件,为青钱柳扩繁技术研究提供参考。[方法]以当年生青钱柳嫩枝为插穗,研究不同基质、不同留节数、不同生根剂和茎段类型等因素对其扦插生根的影响。[结果]以蛭石∶珍珠岩（1∶1）为扦插基质,比其他4种基质更能促进青钱柳嫩枝生根,蛭石为扦插基质时效果其次 不同的插穗留节数相比,单节比多节的生根率高了15% 正交设计试验最优结果为：300 mg/L GGR处理1 h后插于蛭石∶珍珠岩（1∶1）的基质中,生根率可达56%。[结论]基质类型对青钱柳嫩枝扦插影响最为明显,其次为生根剂处理的时间和生根剂的种类。     

楸树嫩枝扦插繁育试验

[目的]为促进楸树的开发与推广提供依据。[方法]利用激素种类、扦插基质、激素浓度、处理时间4个因素进行楸树嫩枝扦插育苗试验,探讨影响楸树生根的主要因子。[结果]以珍珠岩作扦插基质生根最好,生根率达17.77%;ABT1号生根粉500 mg/kg处理生根效果较佳,生根率达11.93%;处理时间以120 min为好,生根率达14.17%。扦插基质对生根的影响最大,其次是处理时间与激素浓度。3种激素各浓度处理平均生根率由高到低依次是:IBA>ABT1号生根粉>NAA,随着浓度的增加,生根率降低。ABT1号生根粉、500 mg/kgIBA处理楸树插穗2 h,生根率分别比对照增加82.6%、87.4%。[结论]用珍珠岩作扦插基质,500 mg/kg ABT1号生根粉处理2 h,楸树嫩枝扦插生根效果最好,生根率达30.8%。     

树莓扦插繁殖技术研究

[目的]研究不同基质不同激素对树莓扦插生根率的影响。[方法]采用不同激素种类、激素浓度及不同基质3个因素完全随机区组试验设计,进行树莓扦插试验,探讨不同基质不同激素对树莓扦插生根率的影响。[结果]激素种类和扦插基质对树莓嫩枝扦插生根率有显著影响,激素浓度影响不显著;适宜的组合为ABT 200 mg/kg+基质河沙。生长激素对于河沙中树莓硬枝扦插效果不显著。[结论]该试验可为树莓工厂化育苗提供参考。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

不同温度LED光萎凋对铁观音MEP上游关键基因和香气的影响

【目的】萜类化合物是乌龙茶挥发性芳香物质的重要组分,2-C-甲基-D-赤藓醇-4-磷酸途径（MEP）上游关键基因直接参与调控萜类化合物前体物质的合成。而乌龙茶香气的形成与萎凋工序密切相关,光照和温度是影响萎凋的重要因子,探讨LED光与温度在乌龙茶萎凋过程中对香气的影响,为提高乌龙茶萎凋叶香气品质提供参考。【方法】基于转录组数据,根据KEGG筛选出响应光照的MEP上游关键基因（DXS、DXR、HDS、HDR）。对一芽三叶铁观音鲜叶进行LED白光和不同温度（20℃（L20）、25℃（L25）、30℃（L30）、35℃（L35）和40℃（L40））萎凋处理,黑暗下温度（20℃（D20）、25℃（D25）、30℃（D30）、35℃（D35）和40℃（D40））萎凋处理;分别测定铁观音萎凋叶的香气组分和MEP上游关键基因的相对表达量。【结果】L30处理萎凋叶各基因表达量达到最大值,萜类基因（DXS、DXR、HDS、HDR）表达量分别为XY组（对照）的4.31、5.28、11.77、1.59倍,为D30处理的2.24、2.39、1.86和1.60倍。D30组各基因表达量为黑暗处理组最大,依次为XY组的1.92、2.21、6.34和0.99倍。L20处理萎凋叶的α-法呢烯芳樟醇氧化物（I、II）含量最高,较XY依次提高了15.05%、4.92%和15.13%;L30处理萎凋叶的橙花叔醇、芳樟醇和香叶醇含量最高,较XY组依次提高了3.71%、6.14%和15.28%;LED组铁观音萎凋叶主要香气组分含量均高于相对应的温度处理组。通过主成分分析法建立数学模型,对萎凋叶香气组分进行评估,得出L20组萎凋叶得分最高,L30组萎凋叶次之;与香气分析得出结果一致。【结论】铁观音萎凋叶基因表达量与香气含量的变化趋势不存在同步性;L30处理萎凋叶基因表达量、主要萜类香气物质含量和主成分分析得分均较高,这与铁观音生产上的萎凋温度相一致。萎凋温度过高（40℃）不利于萎凋叶萜类关键基因的表达和萜类化合物的形成。     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。