赣榆县园林钻蛀害虫嗜食性特点研究

介绍赣榆县绿化植物钻蛀性害虫的种类,分析其嗜食性特点,列举其造成的后果,以为今后蛀害虫的防控提供指导。     

扬州市绿化植物受钻蛀类害虫危害情况初步调查

绿化植物中的钻蛀类害虫是最具毁灭性的一类害虫。但并不是所有绿化植物都是易受钻蛀类害虫侵害的寄主,也就是钻蛀类害虫对于绿化植物是有选择性的,即为嗜食性。     

园林植物钻蛀类害虫嗜食性特点及其利用

绿化植物中的钻蛀类害虫具有种类多、分布广、危害重、防治难的特点.通过调查,初步了解扬州绿化植物钻蛀类害虫的嗜食性特点,据此特点,制定出科学防控钻蛀类害虫的有效办法,即利用植物闻的合理布局,巧妙搭配而达到趋利避害的防控目的.     

园林植物常见钻蛀性害虫种类及其防治技术

钻蛀性害虫是园林绿化植物重要的害虫种类,严重的可引起树体死亡,造成不可挽回的损失。本文对辽宁省园林植物主要的钻蛀性害虫天牛类、小蠹类、吉丁虫类、钻蛀性蛾类和象甲类的发生特点和防治技术进行梳理总结,为园林绿化一线人员提供参考依据。     

蔬菜钻蛀性害虫的发生与防治

近年来由于气候、品种、栽培管理等农田生态条件的变化,蔬菜钻蛀性害虫发生较为普遍,给蔬菜生产造成了严重危害.为了提高蔬菜质量,增加菜农的经济效益,根据几年来对钻蛀性害虫的发生危害特点、各虫害的发生规律及防治研究认为,防治钻蛀性害虫应采取如下防治对策.     

浅谈园林植物钻蛀性害虫的防治

本文列举了淄博常见的钻蛀性害虫,分析了钻蛀性害虫的危害特点,并提出了有效的防治方法,以期更好地促进园林植物的健康生长。     

化橘红主要钻蛀性害虫调查及其防治

目的:调查广东化州化橘红种植基地主要钻蛀性害虫的种类、发生规律和季节变化动态,为化橘红规范化种植提供理论指导。方法:通过标准地采样及灯诱等方法对化州化橘红种植基地的钻蛀性害虫种类进行调查,并对每种害虫的发生规律、季节变化动态进行探索。结果:共发现化橘红钻蛀性害虫7种,隶属于2目4科,其中主要的钻蛀性害虫为光盾绿天牛、星天牛和褐天牛;每年5~8月为钻蛀性害虫的高发期;并提出了科学的防治措施。结论:研究结果可为化橘红钻蛀性害虫的防治提供参考,为化橘红的绿色生产提供科学保障。     

蔬菜钻蛀性害虫的防治

由于气候、品种及栽培管理等农田生态因子的改变,近年来蔬菜钻蛀性害虫发生较为普遍,给蔬菜生产造成了严重危害。为了增加蔬菜产量,提高蔬菜质量,笔者根据近几年来对钻蛀性害虫的发生危害特点及规律的研究,     

几种果树钻蛀性害虫的防治方法

<正>近年来,我县农业产业结构有较大幅度的调整,全县出现了很多果业种植大户,选栽了几十种果树的优良品种,有的已开始产生了较好的经济效益。但是种植大户反应最强烈的呼声是缺乏种植科技,特别是果树病虫害的防治技术,尤其是钻蛀性害虫的防治技术。笔者从普及防治钻蛀性果树害虫的角度出发,介绍果树钻蛀性害虫的虫态特征、生活习性、危害特点,成虫产卵部位、幼虫化蛹部位及越冬场所。只有掌握了果树钻蛀性害虫的知识,才能采取相应的科学技术措施进行有效的防治,达到提高单产和果品质量的目的。下面介     

松毛虫赤眼蜂对玉米后期钻蛀性害虫的田间防治效果及其原因分析

为了明确松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura对玉米后期钻蛀性害虫的田间防治效果,旨在为玉米后期钻蛀性害虫的有效防治提供依据。2016年7~9月,在陕西关中地区选择西安市阎良区、咸阳市三原县、宝鸡市陈仓区、渭南市富平县、杨凌示范区杨凌区等5个具有代表性的县区,于夏播玉米生长中期释放松毛虫赤眼蜂进行防治玉米后期钻蛀性害虫试验。结果表明,陕西关中玉米生长后期的钻蛀性害虫有玉米螟、棉铃虫和桃蛀螟3种,混合发生,组成比例因地而异,变化较大。供试松毛虫赤眼蜂对玉米后期钻蛀性害虫的防治效果均不明显,供试5个县区平均防效只有4.33%。原因分析发现,供试松毛虫赤眼蜂的出蜂率较低,平均仅为16.57%,这可能是造成松毛虫赤眼蜂防治效果差的主要原因。     

中国胭脂虫发展现状概述

通过对胭脂虫(Dactylopius coccus Costa)繁养、加工的研究,简述了中国胭脂虫的繁养、色素的特性、营养价值及加工利用等现状;提出了发展胭脂虫的方向及建议。     

Water balance in desert arthropods. Despite their small size, arthropods may be highly adapted for life in xeric conditions

As judged by the number of species, or of individuals, arthropods are an extremely successful group of desert inhabitants. There is very great structural and physiological diversity within the group, and since adaptations to desert life open to one are not open to all. we should not expect to find the maximum possible development of adaptive features in any arthropod simply because it lives in a desert. Most adult insects fly; their larvae and all other arthropods do not, and their adaptations will differ accordingly. Desert beetles have very impermeable cuticles and tolerate high body temperatures, while desert cockroaches live below the sand. have more permeable cuticles, and absorb water vapor.There is probably no single respect in which all desert arthropods differ from insects of other environments. Perhaps a profitable way of viewing desert animals is to recognize that each is a whole organism with a specific collection of adaptations that must be consistent within themselves and which are associated with a specific mode of life and a specific evolutionary history. The arthropod organization is capable of producing highly efficient desert species. There is, however, a converse way of looking at the situation, Which is often neglected but which may be of general biological interest: does the evolution of adaptations to desert environments necessarily involve loss of viability in more mesic habitats? If so, then what are these disavantages- what, for example, is the disadvantage of a highly impermeable cuticle? In some cases the answer is clear: sandroaches need sand dunes to live in because they are morphologically and behaviorly specialized for this habitat. More often the answer is not obvious.     

Migration strategies of insects

Physiological and ecological results from a variety of species are consistent with what seem to be valid general statements concerning insect migration. These are as follows: (i)During migration locomotory functions are enhanced and vegetative functions such as feeding and reproduction are suppressed. (ii) Migration usually occurs prereproductively in the life of the adult insect (the oogenesis-flight syndrome). (iii)Since migrant individuals are usually prereproductive, their reproductive values, and hence colonizing abilities, are at or near maximum. (iv) Migrants usually reside in temporary habitats. (v)Migrants have a high potential for population increase, r, which is also advantageous for colonizers. (vi)Both the physiological and ecological parameters of migration are modifiable by environmental factors (that is, phenotypically modifiable)to suit the prevailing conditions. Taken together, these criteria establish a comprehensive theory and adumbrate the basic strategy for migrant insects. This basic strategy is modified to suit the ecological requirements of individual species. Comparative studies of these modifications are of considerable theoretical and practical interest, the more so since most economically important insects are migrants. No satisfactory general statements can as yet be made with respect to the genotype and migration. Certainly we expect colonizing populiations to possess genotypes favoring a high r, but genotypic variation in r depends on the heritabilities of life table statistics, and such measurements are yet to be made (10, 53). The fact that flight duration can be increased by appropriate selection in Oncopeltus fasciatus, and the demonstration of additive genetic variance for this trait in Lygaeus kalmii, suggest that heritability studies of migratory behavior would also be worth pursuing. Most interesting of course, will be possible genetic correlations between migration and life history parameters. Also, migration often transports genotypes across long distances with considerable mixing of populations. An understanding of its operation therefore carries with it implications for population genetics, zoogeography, and evolutionary theory. Finally, at least parts of the above general theory would seem to be applicable to forms other than insects. Bird and insect migrations, for example, are in many respects ecologically and physiologically similar. Birds, like insects, emphasize locomotory. as opposed to vegetative functions during long-distance flight; the well-known Zugenruhe or migratory restlessness is a case in point. Further, many birds migrateat nigt at a time when they would ordinarily roost(vegetative activity). Because their life spans exceed single seasons, bird migrants are not prereproductive in the same sense that insect migrants are, and hence reproductive values do not have the same meaning(but note that some insects are also interreproductive migrants). The situaion is complicated further by the fact that in many birds adult survivorship is virtually independent of age so that colonizing ability tends to be also (10, 54). Nevertheless, birds arrive on their nesting grounds in reproductive condition with the result that migration is a colonizing episode. It is also phenotypically modifiable by environmental factors, some of which, for example, photoperiod, influence insects as well (55). The similarities between birds and insects thus seem sufficient to indicate, at least provisionally, that the theory developed for insects applies also to birds with appropriate modifications for longer life span and more complex social behavior; comparisons between insects and fish (56) lead to the same conclusion. In birds especially, and also in other forms, various functions accessory to migration such as reproductive endocrinology, energy budgets, and orientation mechanisms have been studied extensively (55, 56). But there is need in vertebrates for more data andtheoy on the ecology and physiology of migratory behavior per se in order tobetter understand its evolution and its role in ecosystem function (5, 57). Migration in any animal cannot be understood until viewed in its entirety as a physiological, behavioral, and ecological syndrome.     

新疆有益昆虫的调查(一)——天敌昆虫

为充分开发和利用新疆的昆虫资源,通过野外调查和查阅资料,对新疆有益昆虫进行初步报道.对其中重要的一类--新疆天敌昆虫的初步调查结果表明,属于蜻蜓目、螳螂目、脉翅目、半翅目、鞘翅目和双翅目的捕食性天敌昆虫有182种;属于膜翅目和双翅目的寄生性天敌昆虫有96种,它们在害虫的生物控制中起着极其重要的作用.     

Chemical Insect Attractants: Insects promote their own destruction in responding to traps baited with specific lures

Many insects depend on odors to lead them to sources that supply their basic needs. Knowledge of these behavioral patterns helps to combat insects of economic importance. For example, attractants in traps offer a remarkably simple means of detecting insects and may even be useful in direct control. They are increasing the efficiency of insecticide applications because treatments need be applied only where insects are caught and only as long as they are caught.     

天敌昆虫对温度胁迫的响应

以平均气温升高为主要特征的气候变化对地球上的生物多样性造成了巨大威胁。天敌昆虫作为绿色环保的生防因子,在害虫综合治理中发挥着重要作用。气温升高不但会对天敌昆虫的生长发育、生理代谢和种群动态等造成严重影响,而且会直接影响天敌昆虫对害虫的控制效果。从温度胁迫对天敌昆虫的生活史性状、共生菌、害虫-天敌系统相互作用关系以及天敌昆虫适应策略等方面进行了综述,并简要评述了已有研究不足和未来研究方向。     

昆虫滞育的遗传性

综述各项昆虫滞育的遗传性研究,结果表明:大多数昆虫的滞育是由多基因控制的,主要涉及到临界光周期、滞育的发生、滞育持续时间,少数昆虫的滞育符合孟德尔单基因分离规律.同时还展望了昆虫滞育遗传研究的前景.     

德国农作物病虫害种类及其生物防治研究

本文概述了德国的玉米、麦类、马铃薯、甜菜和十字花科作物上的主要病虫害种类及发生为害情况。对德国小麦病虫害研究内容和手段。以小麦为主的病虫害计算机模型研究。与作物育种相结合的病虫害抗性研究和植物保护机械作了阐述。介绍了德国害虫生物防治研究的方向，利用赤眼蜂防治害虫的种类，繁蜂和田间释放技术，其他天敌的繁殖利用和农药对天敌的副作用等方面的研究情况。     

湖南工业原料资源昆虫调查

初步研究了湖南工业原料资源昆虫种类、利用价值等。结果表明,湖南工业原料资源昆虫较丰富,利用价值大,但开发力度不够。建议进一步加强这类资源昆虫的开发与利用研究。     

新疆有益昆虫的调查(三)——环保和观赏昆虫

报道了新疆环保和观赏昆虫的初步调查结果.调查研究表明,新疆环保昆虫主要集中在弹尾目棘跳科Onychiuridae、疣跳科Neanuridae、等节跳科Isotomidae、长角跳科Entomobryidae、鳞跳科Tomoceridae、园跳科Sminthuridae、鞘翅目埋葬甲科Silphidae、拟步甲科Tenebrionidae、金龟甲科Scarabaeidae等科中,它们在大自然物质和能量循环及环境保护上具有十分重要的作用;观赏昆虫包括体色艳丽及一些体表形态十分奇特的昆虫,包括蝴蝶、蜻蜓、、螽蟖、蝗虫、金龟甲、叶甲、螳螂、竹节虫、吉丁虫、地鳖等,共计143种.