鸭瘟病毒强弱毒株TK基因的克隆及序列比较分析

根据GenBank中已发表的鸭瘟病毒TK基因序列,设计一对引物,对1株鸭瘟病毒强毒和1株鸭瘟病毒疫苗毒进行PCR扩增。将扩增的目的片段分别克隆到pMD18-T载体,经EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切鉴定,获得阳性重组质粒,然后对阳性重组质粒进行序列测定及分析。结果表明,本实验所扩增的鸭瘟病毒TK基因及侧翼UL24基因大小为1 995 bp,鸭瘟强、弱毒株TK基因及侧翼UL24基因序列完全相同,该病毒TK基因与鸭瘟病毒其它毒株AY911509与AY963569,四川株DQ640611,AV1221株EF173464,sd-01株EF417996同源性分别为99.5%,99.9%,100%,99.9%,100%,而该病毒UL24基因与鸭瘟病毒其它毒株AY911511,DQ227739,EF417996同源性为99.9%,99.8%,99.9%,表明鸭瘟病毒强弱毒株TK基因及侧翼UL24基因高度保守。为构建鸭瘟病毒TK基因缺失的转移载体奠定了基础。     

鸭瘟病毒的分离鉴定及其UL2、TK基因序列分析

2015年,福建省福州地区2个鸭场(M18肉鸭场及蛋鸭场)发生大量鸭死亡,初诊疑似鸭瘟。为明确其病原,分别采集病死鸭肝脏、食道样品进行鸭瘟病毒特异性PCR检测和病毒分离,对获得的2株病毒分离株分别进行鸭已知病原的检测,确定均为鸭瘟病毒。对新分离鉴定的2株鸭瘟病毒株的UL2基因进行序列测定及分析发现,均具有强毒株的分子特征;经TK基因序列测定及分析表明,2株新分离的鸭瘟病毒株与强毒代表株、弱毒疫苗株的TK基因核苷酸同源性均高达98.7%。     

传染性喉气管炎病毒烟台株TK基因序列测定及TK蛋白功能初步分析

根据传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)美国632株TK基因序列设计并合成1对引物,以ILTV烟台株DNA为模板扩增了TK基因,并对其进行了序列测定。将ILTV烟台株的TK基因和TK蛋白分别与ILTV美国632株,英国T horne株,B e ijing E 2株,BHV-1,EHV-1,EHV-2,FHV-1,HHV-1,HHV-2,HHV-3,HHV-4,HVT,M DV-1,M DV-2,PRV和SHV-2的TK基因和TK蛋白比较后发现,其TK基因的核苷酸和TK蛋白的氨基酸同源性分别为24.6%~99.5%和15.1%~98.9%,表明不同ILTV毒株之间TK基因和TK蛋白相对保守,但与其他α-疱疹病毒的TK基因和TK蛋白同源性则较低。     

Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒VP1基因重组鸭瘟病毒载体的构建

为了构建含有Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒VP1基因的重组鸭瘟病毒,将已建立的鸭瘟病毒TK基因缺失转移载体(pBlueSK-TK-EGFP)进行改造,在其绿色荧光表达盒内插入Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒VP1基因,将重组后的转移载体( pBlueSK-TK-EGFP-VP1)转染已感染鸭瘟病毒的鸭胚成纤维细胞.原始病毒液在鸭胚成纤维细胞上盲传3代后...     

传染性喉气管炎病毒河南株TK基因的克隆与序列分析

根据传染性喉气管炎病毒TK基因的核苷酸序列设计并合成一对引物,利用该对引物PCR扩增出鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒河南株ILTV-CGI、LTV-XY及以色列疫苗株TK全长片段,并进行克隆、测序。结果显示3株ILTV的TK基因全长均为1 183 bp,包含一个开放性阅读框(1 092 bp),编码363个氨基酸的多肽;3株ILTV TK基因核苷酸序列完全一致,并与GenBank收录的ILTV美国632强毒株、北京E2株TK基因完全一致,而与山东烟台株、英国Thorne强毒株和英国216株TK基因核苷酸同源性均为99.5%,与其他疱疹病毒TK基因核苷酸同源性在19.1%～27.2%之间。分子进化分析揭示了各毒株间的亲缘关系。     

表达小鹅瘟病毒VP2蛋白重组鸭瘟病毒的构建及其生物学特性

【目的】鸭瘟和小鹅瘟是番鸭和鹅的两种重要传染病,鸭瘟最主要的防治措施是定期接种鸭瘟病毒减毒活疫苗。根据2012年国际病毒分类委员会(ICTV)的报告,DEV被归为疱疹病毒科的α疱疹病毒亚科马立克氏病毒属。疱疹病毒如伪狂犬病毒、马立克氏病毒、火鸡疱疹病毒等已广泛用于病毒活载体的研究,而近几年也有关于鸭瘟病毒(DEV)作为疫苗活载体的报道。为了为免疫防控鸭瘟和小鹅瘟提供新手段,本研究拟在鸭瘟病毒疫苗株感染性克隆的基础上,构建表达小鹅瘟病毒(GPV)主要免疫原蛋白VP2的重组病毒rDEV-VP2,并研究其生物学特性,进而探讨重组病毒rDEV-VP2作为防治DEV和GPV的二联重组活载体疫苗的可能性。【方法】将密码子优化的GPV VP2基因通过常规基因克隆的方法插入转移载体p EP-BGH-end,构建含有GPV VP2表达框p CMV-VP2-BGH-p A的重组表达质粒。在鸭瘟病毒(DEV)疫苗株细菌人工染色体克隆pDEV-EF1的基础上,通过"Red E/T"两步重组法将GPV VP2基因表达框插入到DEV US7和US8基因之间构建了突变体克隆pDEV-VP2。利用磷酸钙法转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEFs)拯救获得重组病毒rDEV-VP2和删除Bac质粒序列的rDEV-VP2-Cre,并对重组病毒细胞体外生长曲线、蚀斑大小和VP2蛋白表达情况进行测定。将rDEV-VP2接种番鸭,在不同时间采集血清,采用间接ELISA法检测血清中GPV VP2抗体产生情况。【结果】间接免疫荧光检测和Western blot分析表明,外源蛋白VP2在CEFs细胞成功表达。病毒生长曲线和蚀斑大小测定结果显示,rDEV-VP2在CEFs细胞上的增殖滴度与亲本株相比无显著差异,表明外源基因VP2的插入不影响rDEV重组病毒的增殖。动物试验结果表明,7日龄雏番鸭接种rDEV-VP2可以诱导产生针对GPV VP2的抗体,免疫后3周抗体阳性率为50%(4/8)。【结论】将小鹅瘟病毒的主要免疫原基因VP2插入到DEV疫苗株基因组的US7和US8基因间构建了表达该免疫原性基因的重组鸭瘟病毒细菌人工染色体,继而在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEFs)上拯救获得了重组病毒rDEV-VP2,病毒细胞生长特性与亲本株基本一致,且能诱导鸭体产生GPV VP2特异性的抗体。该研究为研制DEV-GPV二联重组活载体疫苗奠定了基础。     

鸭瘟病毒河南株gI基因的克隆与测序

参考GenBank中鸭瘟病毒gI基因序列设计并合成引物,以鸭瘟病毒河南分离株DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,将扩增片段克隆至PGEM-T载体上,得到含gI基因重组质粒。经酶切鉴定,并对重组阳性质粒进行序列测定。结果表明,获得的片段含鸭瘟病毒gI基因,全长1 089 bp,与已报道的其他疱疹病毒gI基因具有较高的同源性,编码432个氨基酸,蛋白分子质量为39.7ku、等电点(PI)为6.06。     

鸭瘟流行、诊断和防控方案

正鸭瘟又名鸭病毒性肠炎,俗称"大头瘟",是鸭、鹅的一种急性接触性传染病。1病原和流行病原是疱疹病毒科疱疹病毒属鸭瘟病毒,病毒粒子呈球形,直径在120～180nm,有囊膜,病毒核酸型为DNA。本病主要传染源是病鸭或带毒鸭。不同品种、不同日龄、不同性别的鸭都易感,但以麻鸭、番鸭、绵鸭易感性最高,北京鸭次之。本病以消     

重组鸭瘟病毒载体中筛选高效表达鸭坦布苏病毒E蛋白启动子

【背景】鸭瘟和鸭坦布苏病毒是鸭的两种重要传染病,鸭瘟属于疱疹病毒科,具有开发成病毒载体的优势。为了优化鸭坦布苏病毒E基因在重组鸭瘟病毒载体中的表达,之前探讨了不同形式鸭坦布苏病毒E蛋白在重组鸭瘟病毒载体中的表达,发现以鸭为宿主进行密码子优化的E基因C端截短形式（E451-dk,简称为Es）表达量最高。【目的】探讨不同启动子对Es 在重组鸭瘟病毒载体中表达的影响,为鸭瘟病毒—坦布苏病毒二联苗的研制奠定基础。【方法】将pCAG、 pSV40、pRSV、p1.8k(MDV)和pgB(MDV)启动子通过常规基因克隆的方法替换转移载体pEP-BGH-Es中的pCMV启动子,构建不同启动子调控Es表达的重组表达框pro-Es-BGH-pA。在鸭瘟病毒（DEV）疫苗株细菌人工染色体克隆pDEV-EF1的基础上,将5个重组表达框分别通过“Red E/T两步重组”克隆至pDEV-EF1突变体的US7和US8基因之间,构建了携带不同启动子调控的Es突变体克隆pDEV-pro-Es。用磷酸钙法转染鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEFs）拯救获得相应重组病毒rDEV-pro-Es,并对重组病毒感染细胞蚀斑大小和Es蛋白表达情况进行测定。【结果】将重组突变体克隆转染细胞拯救获得了5株重组病毒rDEV-pro-Es。Western blotting分析表明外源蛋白Es在 pRSV调控下表达量最高,其表达量较rDEV-Es提高了169.12%。【结论】完成了Es在重组鸭瘟病毒载体中高效表达启动子的筛选,获得了一种调控Es高效表达的启动子pRSV。同时也获得了一株高效表达鸭坦布苏病毒外源基因Es的重组鸭瘟病毒rDEV-pRSV-Es。     

Cloning of Thymidine Kinase Gene of Duck Plague Virus Using Degenerate PCR

The DNA of duck plague virus （DPV） thymidine kinase （TK） gene was cloned and sequenced from a vaccine virus in the study. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers for the consensus site of herpesvirus UL24, TK, and glycoprotein H（gH） gene were used in the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） to amplify DNA product with 3 741-base-pairs （bp） in size. DNA sequence analysis revealed a 1 077-base-pairs （bp） open reading frame （ORF） encoding a 358 amino acid polypeptide homologous to herpesvirus TK proteins. The predicted TK protein shared 31.2, 41.3, 35.7, 37.4, and 28.4% identity with herpes simplex virus typel, equine herpesvirus type 4, Marek＇s disease virus 2, herpesvirus turkey, and infectious laryngotracheitis virus, respectively. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of other herpesvirus TK proteins showed that these proteins were not conserved on the whole, otherwise the portion of the TK proteins corresponding to the nucleotide binding domain and the nucleoside binding site were highly conserved among herpesvirus. Comparison with the amino acid sequences of the conserved nucleotide and nucleoside binding domains of other eleven herpesvirus TK proteins to the predicted DPV peptide confirmed its identity as the DPV TK protein.     

5-Azacytidine-induced reactivation of a herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene

Mouse cells transformed with herpes simplex virus and containing the viral thymidine kinase (TK) gene in an inactive state were treated with 5-azacytidine. The result was the reexpression of the viral TK gene. Two days of exposure to 5-azacytidine followed by 2 days of expression time was sufficient for maximal induction of the TK+ phenotype. The induction of TK expression by 5-azacytidine was concentration-dependent, with maximal induction at 10 micromoles per liter. 5-Azacytidine also inhibited the decay of TK expression in TK+ transformants removed from selective conditions. Analysis of the methylation patterns of the viral TK gene with restriction endonucleases Hpa II and Msp I showed the active gene to be unmethylated, the inactive gene methylated, and the 5-azacytidine-induced gene unmethylated.     

Identification of DNA sequence responsible for 5-bromodeoxyuridine-induced gene amplification

Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) treatment of the prolactin nonproducing subclone of GH cells (rat pituitary tumor cells) induces amplification of a 20-kilobase DNA fragment including all of the prolactin gene coding sequences. This amplified DNA segment, which is flanked by two unamplified regions, thus designates a unit of BrdUrd-induced amplified sequence. Cloned DNA segments, 10.3 kilobases long, from the 5' end of the rat prolactin gene of BrdUrd-responsive and -nonresponsive cells, were ligated to the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1TK), and the hybrid DNA was transferred to thymidine kinase-deficient mouse fibroblast cells by transfection. The HSV1TK gene and the rat prolactin gene were amplified together in drug-treated transfectants carrying the hybrid DNA HSV1TK gene and rat prolactin gene of BrdUrd-responsive GH cells. These results suggest that the 10.3-kilobase DNA segment at the 5' end of the rat prolactin gene of BrdUrd-responsive GH cells carries the information for drug-induced gene amplification (amplicon) and that another gene, such as the HSV1TK gene, is also amplified when the latter is placed adjacent to this segment.     

伪狂犬病病毒Min-A株TK基因的克隆与序列分析

参考GeneBank收录的伪狂犬病病毒TK基因的序列设计了1对引物，对PRV Min-A株进行了PCR扩增，扩增产物克隆于pGEM-T Easy载体．对重组质粒进行限制性内切酶分析和基因测序，证实了克隆片段的可靠性．测序结果表明目的片段包含1个957bp的开放性阅读框(ORF)，编码318个氨基酸组成的多肽．在TK ORF上游-22，-166，-199位存在3个GC框样序列，在终止密码子下游第110个核苷酸处的l306位存在有多聚腺苷加尾信号．PRV Min-A株与PRV Ea株、NIA-3株TK的核苷酸同源性分别为98．4％，97．9％；推导氨基酸的同源性分别为97．8％，97.2％．通过对α疱疹病毒TK氨基酸进行多序列比较．获得了在PRV TK氨基酸序列上的6个保守区间．推测这些保守氨基酸对于胸苷激酶(TK)结构的稳定性和催化活性的发挥是必需的。     

TK基因重组缺陷山羊痘病毒构建及其生物学特性鉴定

[目的]利用同源重组技术构建TK基因缺陷的山羊痘病毒（GTPV）毒株,为研制出更安全、高效的GTPV弱毒疫苗和病毒载体提供备选毒株.[方法]采用PCR克隆GTPV AV41株TK基因（ORF56）及其侧翼基因组片段,在TK基因内部插入报告基因EGFP抗性基因gpt达盒,构建GTPV重组转移载体pTK-Eg.将重组转移载体pTK-Eg与GTPV AV41株共转染Vero细胞,通过空斑纯化筛选阳性重组病毒,鉴定其生长特性和遗传稳定性,并接种山羊评价其安全性和免疫原性.[结果]成功构建获得一株TK基因缺陷的重组病毒vTK-Eg.与亲本毒株GTPV AV41相比,vTK-Eg的生长特性及其形成的细胞病变均未发生显著改变,只是毒价略微下降100.5个数量级;在原代牛睾丸（BT）细胞上连续传代,至少在10代内保持遗传性状和病毒滴度稳定.接种vTK-Eg的山羊精神和食欲均正常,接种后体温升高和局部反应的严重程度均较接种亲本毒株GTPV AV41的山羊有所降低;vTK-Eg与GTPV AV41株诱导山羊产生的GTPV中和抗体水平无明显差异（P＞0.05）.[结论]构建的TK基因重组缺陷病毒vTK-Eg具有良好的遗传稳定性和免疫原性,较亲本毒株其安全性也有所提高,可作为研制GTPV基因工程弱毒疫苗和活载体疫苗的备选毒株.     

猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体的构建及其功能鉴定

【目的】利用正负筛选策略,构建猪肌肉生长抑素（Myostatin,MSTN）基因的双筛选标记打靶载体。【方法】以猪胎儿成纤维细胞DNA为模板,PCR扩增MSTN基因同源长、短臂;采用PCR和Overlap PCR扩增打靶载体正筛选标记嘌呤霉素和绿色荧光蛋白基因及负筛选标记单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因。以pUC57载体为骨架载体,在其多克隆位点连接一段包括Frt序列在内的酶切位点的多克隆位点序列,在2个Frt序列之间连接正筛选标记嘌呤霉素基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因,在Frt序列两侧分别连接5.7和1.9 kb的MSTN基因同源长、短臂;在同源短臂后连接负筛选标记单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因,将目的片段与载体定向连接克隆。用脂质体法将打靶载体转染猪肾细胞（PK15细胞）,用嘌呤霉素和丙氧鸟苷进行正负筛选,验证正负筛选标记基因的功能。【结果】成功克隆了猪MSTN基因同源长、短臂及正筛选嘌呤霉素和绿色荧光蛋白基因及负筛选单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因,构建了猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体,打靶载体长14 kb。在打靶载体转染的PK15细胞中,正负筛选标记基因均有生物学活性。【结论】成功构建了猪MSTN基因双筛选标记打靶载体。     

Gene therapy for human genetic disease?

In our view, gene therapy may ameliorate some human genetic diseases in the future. For this reason, we believe that research directed at the development of techniques for gene therapy should continue. For the foreseeable future, however, we oppose any further attempts at gene therapy in human patients because (i) our understanding of such basic processes as gene regulation and genetic recombination in human cells is inadequate; (ii) our understanding of the details of the relation between the molecular defect and the disease state is rudimentary for essentially all genetic diseases; and (iii) we have no information on the short-range and long-term side effects of gene therapy. We therefore propose that a sustained effort be made to formulate a complete set of ethicoscientific criteria to guide the development and clinical application of gene therapy techniques. Such an endeavor could go a long way toward ensuring that gene therapy is used in humans only in those instances where it will prove beneficial, and toward preventing its misuse through premature application. Two recent papers have provided new demonstrations of directed genetic modification of mammalian cells. Munyon et al. (44) restored the ability to synthesize the enzyme thymidine kinase to thymidine kinase-deficient mouse cells by infection with ultraviolet-irradiated herpes simplex virus. In their experiments the DNA from herpes simplex virus, which contains a gene coding for thymidine kinase, may have formed a hereditable association with the mouse cells. Merril et al. (45) reported that treatment of fibroblasts from patients with galactosemia with exogenous DNA caused increased activity of a missing enzyme, alpha-D-galactose-l-phosphate uridyltransferase. They also provided some evidence that the change persisted after subculturing the treated cells. If this latter report can be confirmed, the feasibility of directed genetic modification of human cells would be clearly demonstrated, considerably enhancing the technical prospects for gene therapy.