奥特奇生物制品有限公司揭开新一代酶制剂产品的面纱——记特威宝~(TM)SSF(Allzyme~(TM)SSF)产品技术发布会(亚洲)

2003年9月奥特奇生物制品有限公司特威宝SSF系列研讨会在亚—太平洋地区召开(分别在7个不同国家举办了一系列研讨会)。正式推出新一代酶制剂产品——特威宝SSF。中国区产品发布会于9月18日和19日分别在北京和山东青岛召开。与会者包括业界新闻媒体单位和饲料行业知名企业、养殖场。固态发酵技术(SolidStateFermentation)是4000多年前亚洲人发明,因此奥特奇公司首选亚洲作为利用这项更新技术的区域。奥特奇固态发酵生产基地(Serdan,墨西哥)特威宝SSF技术主任MarkLyons先生认为:“固态发酵技术适合生产天然多酶复合物。特威宝SSF是新…     

Xylanase production by Trichoderma strains in solid substrate fermentation

The importance of microbial enzymes in pulp and paper manufacturing has grown significantly in the last two decades. Solid substrate fermentation (SSF) holds tremendous potential for the production of microbial enzymes of commercial interest. SSF can be of special interest in those processes where the crude fermented product (whole SSF culture, in situ enzyme) may be used directly as the enzyme source. Xylanase preparations practically free of cellulase activity are especially useful for …     

Optimization of Solid State Fermentation Conditions Using a Mixture of Bean Curd Residue and Marc with Bacillus natto

[Objective] The aim was to optimize the appropriate solid state fermentation(SSF)conditions.[Method] The optimization of solid state fermentation using a mixture substrate of bean curd residue and the marc with Bacillus natto was developed.[Result] The best fermentation condition optimized by the test of single factor and the orthogonal design respectively was mixing ratio of bean curd residue to marc 2∶1,substrate pH value 6,fermentation temperature 39 ℃,inoculum volume 10% and fermentation time 48 h.Under this optimized fermentation condition,the content of crude fiber in the substrate decreased from 107.8 mg/g before SSF to 56.2 mg/g after SSF,and the degeneration rate of crude fiber was 47.87%.[Conclusion] The bean curd residue in its palatability was enormously improved by SSF with Bacillus natto strain,which could be expected to be widely used as raw material of health foodstuff.     

超级稻专用肥对不同种植方式的适应性研究

为了探明超级稻专用肥对不同种植方式的适应性,以常规超级稻合美占为材料,通过大田试验,研究了施用超级稻专用肥(SSF)对人工插秧、机插秧、撒直播、免耕撤直播、机穴直播、抛秧、免耕抛秧7种种植方式下水稻产量和品质的影响.结果表明:与施用常规化肥(CK)相比较,SSF显著提高人工插秧、机插秧、撒直播、免耕撒直播、机穴直播、抛秧、免耕抛秧7种种植方式的产量,分别提高20.03％、12.36％、22.26％、9.2％、22％、21.93％和17.56％; SSF亦能显著提高人工插秧和机插秧稻米的胶稠度,以及撒直播稻米的蛋白质含量,而显著降低了抛秧稻米的垩白粒率和垩白度.超级稻专用肥对上述7种种植方式均具有良好的适应性.     

Production of chitinases with Trichoderma harzianum isolates using solid substrate fermentation

Over forty Trichoderma harzianum isolates have been screened in solid substrate fermentation (SSF) for chitinase production. Strains were isolated from Asian soil and tree bark samples. Identification was performed in Canada and Austria by classical and molecular taxonomical methods. Four SSF media were used for the screening. They contained wheat bran, crude chitin from crab shells (SIGMA) and different salt solutions for wetting of the substrate. In a five day fermentation at 30…     

Low-Temperature Response to MajorAgronomic Traits by Using Recombinant Inbred Line （RIL） Populations Derived from Towada x Kunmingxiaobaigu

Development of the recombinant inbred line populations （RILs） is important basis to detect QTLs for cold tolerance at booting stage in rice. A set of 230 RILs derived from the cross of Towada and Kunmingxiaobaigu were used for evaluation of low-temperature response on major agronomic traits of plant height （PH）, panicle length （PL）, panicle exsertion （PE）, spikelet fertility （SF）, specific spikelet fertility （SSF）, and spikelets per panicle （SPP） under natural low-temperature growing environments in Yunnan Province, China. The results showed PH, PE, and SPP were mainly attributed by genotypes. PL was mainly influenced interactively by the genotypes × environments. SF and SSF were mainly controlled by the environments. Under the five different growth environments, F values of the six agronomic traits mentioned above ranged from 4.019 to 97.284. Significant difference was revealed between the lines. Under every environment, it indicated significantly positive correlation between SF and SSF, with correlation coefficients ranged from 0.826 to 0.885. It indicated significantly positive correlation between PH, PL, and PE. Under five different growing environments, variation coefficients of the six characters ordered in SSF （66.3%） 〉 PE （57.4%） 〉 SP （37.2%） 〉 SPP （16.2%） 〉 PH （9.6%） 〉 PL （6.4%）. SSF, PE and SF were most sensitive to low temperature stress at booting stage, while SPP, PH and PL being least. The RILs of Towada/ Kunmingxiaobaigu can be used as a genetic population to investigate cold tolerance at booting stage. SSF, PE and SF are most sensitive to cold tolerance at booting stage in rice. So far the the variation of PH, PL, and SPP related to cold tolerance are not clear under natural low-temperature environment. More tested environments and years are required to identify and evaluate cold tolerance at booting stage in rice.     

Are mycoparasitism and chitinase production species or isolate dependent in Trichoderma ?

The relationship between taxonomic status of Trichoderma spp., chitinase production in solid substrate fermentation (SSF) on four media and mycoparasitism in dual culture (confrontation assay)against four plant pathogenic fungi was studied. Seventy five Trichoderma isolates belonging to 35species have been screened. The plant pathogenic fungi used in confrontation assay were Botrytis cinerea , Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi , Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . The SSF media contained wheat bran, crude chitin (from crab shells, SIGMA) and salt solutions. The best performing isolates in mycoparasitism tests were Trichoderma flavofuscum, T. harzianum, T.inhamatum, T. koningii and T. strigosum. Some isolates exhibiting good mycoparasitism produced chitinase in SSF only at low or medium level. In contrary there were isolates with excellent extracellular chitinase production but their biocontrol potential did not belong to the leading group.Statistical methods have been used to evaluate the data.……     

Production of chitinolytic enzymes with Trichoderma longibrachiatum IMI 92027 in solid substrate fermentation

Thirty Trichoderma strains representing 15 species within the genus have been screened for extracellular production of chitinolytic enzymes in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). T.longibrachiatum IMI 92027 (=ATCC 36838) gave the highest yield (5.0 IU/g dry matter of substrate) after 3 days of fermentation on wheat bran-crude chitin (9:1 mixture) medium. The optimum moisture content (66.7%), chitin content (20%), initial pH of the medium (2-5) and time course (5 d) of SSF were determ…     

菲律宾吉马拉斯获得芒果加工设施

<正>菲律宾吉马拉斯芒果种植与生产合作发展社最近获得芒果加工的共享服务设施(SSF)。芒果热水处理和加工设施用于处理吉马拉斯省贸易与工业部的芒果。FelipeGamarcha说,由于经过热水处理加工的芒果受损小,该设施将极大地帮助他们生产出更优质的芒果。这一设施将为他们生产优质产品提供保障。菲律宾工业贸易部(DTI)的SSF计划将斥资超过40万菲律宾比索购买设备,旨在帮助微型、小型和中小型企业提高他们的生产力和竞争力。     

Optimization of Solid-State Fermentation with Lactobacillus brevis and Aspergillus oryzae for Trypsin Inhibitor Degradation in Soybean Meal

The aim of the present study was to optimize trypsin inhibitor degradation in soybean meal by solid-state fermentation(SSF) with Lactobacillus brevis and Aspergillus oryzae,and to determine the effect of SSF on phytic acid,crude protein,crude fat,and amino acid profile.Response surface methodology(RSM) with Box-Behnken design was used to optimize SSF.The optimal conditions derived from RSM for L.brevis fermentation were:pH=5.1;inoculum size=10%;duration=72 h;substrate to water ratio=1.5.The minimum content of trypsin inhibitors was 6.4 mg g-1 dry matter.The optimal conditions derived from RSM for A.oryzae fermentation were:substrate to water ratio= 0.81;inoculum size=4%;duration=120 h.The minimum content of trypsin inhibitors was 1.6 mg g-1 dry matter.Both L.brevis and A.oryzae decreased trypsin inhibitors dramatically(57.1 and 89.2% respectively).L.brevis fermentation did not affect phytic acid(0.4%) and crude fat(5.2%) considerably,whereas A.oryzae fermentation degraded phytic acid(34.8%) and crude fat(22.0%) contents to a certain extent.Crude protein content was increased after both fermentation(6.4 and 12.9% for L.brevis and A.oryzae respectively).Urease activity was reduced greatly(83.3 and 58.3% for L.brevis and A.oryzae respectively).In conclusion,SSF with A.oryzae and L.brevis reduced trypsin inhibitor content and modified major macronutrients in soybean meal.     

木质纤维素产乙醇分步及同步糖化发酵工艺研究

[目的]探究分步糖化发酵和同步糖化发酵工艺在最佳条件下产乙醇的效率。[方法]结合水解、发酵两阶段的最佳条件,设计了分步糖化发酵和同步糖化发酵过程;分步糖化发酵分别采用了水解和发酵过程的最佳条件,同步糖化发酵分别采用了两阶段的最佳温度。[结果]分步糖化发酵过程中,上清液发酵和混合液发酵产乙醇效果无明显差别,其中混合液发酵能更好地发挥酵母菌的活力;同步糖化发酵过程中,35℃条件下乙醇产量更高,其木糖产量高于纯水解过程中的木糖产量。[结论]在试验条件下,同步糖化发酵产乙醇效率高于分步糖化发酵。     

利用放线菌固态发酵生产农用抗生素的初步研究

采用杯碟法研究了4株拮抗性放线菌固态和液态发酵产物对辣椒疫霉病菌(Phytophthoracapsici)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureaus)、埃希氏大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)及青霉(Penicillium)4株供试靶标菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,利用放线菌固态发酵生产农用抗生素的思路是可行的。供试的04,07和08号3株放线菌大米固态发酵产物与黄豆粉液态发酵产物对靶标菌金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureaus)的相对抑菌环宽度分别为4.0mm/g与0.7mm/mL,对埃希氏大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)的相对抑菌环宽度分别为5.2mm/g与1.1mm/mL,供试菌固态发酵抗生素活性远大于液态发酵,表明通过固态发酵提高抗生素得率的设想在微生物合成阶段是可以实现的。同时还发现,固态与液态两种发酵模式对某些抗生素的合成有极显著影响。     

油橄榄开花时期的茎流量动态变化及其与气象因子的关系

在掌握开花时期油橄榄树干茎流动态变化特征的基础上,探索气象因子与树干茎流的关系。结果表明,开花时期油橄榄晴天树干茎流日变化呈单峰形趋势,峰值出现在12:00-15:00,雨天树干茎流日变化呈双峰形趋势,晴天树干茎流量比雨天提高了15.8%。油橄榄开花时期树茎流量随太阳辐射强度的增大而呈降低的趋势,当太阳辐射最高值出现在12:00-15:00,与茎流出现峰值相同,太阳辐射与树茎流量间关系呈极显著相关关系,而茎流值会随空气相对湿度的增加逐渐减低,当空气相对湿度＞20.9%时树干茎流呈下降趋势,空气相对湿度与油橄榄树茎流量两者间呈负相关,而空气温度和风速与树茎流量呈正相关关系,虽然空气温度与茎流量与相关性较低,但当空气温度＞25.7 ℃时树干茎流会小幅度下降。通过分析气象因子与油橄榄茎流速率的关系,构建多元线性回归模型,在小时尺度上,太阳总辐射对油橄榄树干茎流速率的影响最大R²=0.655,对开花时期油橄榄树茎流速率的影响气象因子为太阳辐射＞风速＞空气湿度（负相关）＞空气温度。在油橄榄开花时期可根据此模型推导出油橄榄树的潜在茎流量,以此为油橄榄开花时提出合理的节水补灌时间,对后期增加挂果量和提高产量有重要意义。     

高效木质素降解菌的复合诱变选育

从实验室保存的9株白腐真菌中筛选出1株降解玉米秸秆木质素性能优良的菌株YJ-9-1,在第14天时,其木质素降解率为41.74％.经ITS-5.8S rDNA序列同源性及系统发育树分析,初步鉴定该菌为变色栓菌(Trametes versicolor).对YJ-9-1进行紫外微波复合诱变,获得1株高效木质素降解菌株3-8,并利用其对玉米秸秆中的木质素进行降解.结果表明,在第14天时,菌株3-8对玉米秸秆木质素的降解率为48.43％,比出发菌株提高了16.03％.     

纤维素乙醇生物转化工艺的研究进展

以纤维素为原料生产乙醇主要包括预处理、水解和发酵三步重要的生物转化过程。由于纤维素原料本身的结晶度和难于降解性,木质纤维素原料生产乙醇,在水解之前要对原料进行物理法、化学法、物理-化学法和生物法等预处理才能获得较高的转化率;发酵工艺有直接发酵法、间接发酵法、混合菌种发酵法、同步糖化发酵法、非等温同步糖化发酵法和复合水解发酵工艺等。综述了纤维素转化为燃料乙醇的原料预处理方法、糖化发酵工艺以及不同预处理方法、发酵工艺优缺点及适合的原料范围,并提出了纤维素乙醇产业化亟待解决的关键技术,展望了纤维素燃料乙醇的产业化前景。     

木薯渣制备乙醇探索研究

[目的]对木薯渣水解糖发酵制乙醇的再利用过程进行考察。[方法]以木薯渣为原料,采用同步糖化发酵工艺,研究木薯渣中淀粉、纤维素和半纤维素水解糖分开发酵或共同发酵制乙醇的过程。[结果]原料中纤维素含量为34.70%,半纤维素含量为9.70%,淀粉含量为15.35%;采用同步糖化共发酵工艺较同步糖化分开发酵工艺,乙醇相对于原料的产率高,可达到28.04%。[结论]该研究可为木薯渣的合理利用提供技术支持。