福建野生彩叶植物的地理分布与资源调查

福建省野生彩叶植物资源丰富,对其观赏特性、地理分布和资源现状等进行了调查和分析.结果表明,福建有野生彩叶植物54科106属165种,分别占本区系高等植物科属种总数的21.86％、6.64％、3.50％.其中乔木类32科54属86种,灌木类24科29属39种,小乔木类19科25属29种,藤本5科5属5种,草本4科5属6种...     

临沂湿地生物多样性研究及特征分析

为了更好地保护临沂湿地资源,通过实地调查、查阅文献和比较分析的方法,探讨临沂湿地生物多样性现状及其总体特征。结果表明,临沂湿地有浮游植物33科75属195种,维管束植物64科166属272种,浮游动物36科60属128种,鸟类46科101属195种,鱼类12科41属53种,底栖动物12科18属18种,两栖动物2科3属7种,爬行动物6科8属10种,哺乳类5科10属10种,昆虫103科317属452种,其中水生昆虫28科81属113种。临沂湿地具有生物多样性丰富、生物的生态适应类型复杂多样、生物区系分布有一定规律性、湿地资源性动植物和国家重点保护物种较多、湿地入侵物种逐年增多等特点。     

贵州盘县八大山地区苔藓植物研究

对采自贵州盘县八大山地区的1000余号苔藓植物标本进行了整理和鉴定。结果表明：该地区有苔藓植物54科125属277种（包括亚种、变种）,其中,优势科：有丛藓科Pottiaceae、青藓科Brachytheciaceae、灰藓科Hypnaceae、羽苔科Plagiochilacea和地萼苔科Geocalyaceae等;优势属有青藓属Brachythecium、淘灯藓属Plagiomnium和真藓属Bryum等。     

山东青云湖省级湿地公园植物资源调查与分析

通过实地调查、测量、查阅文献等方法，对青云湖省级湿地公园内的植物资源进行了调查分析。结果表明，规划区内共有维管植物112科316属580种，其中蕨类植物10科12属14种，裸子植物4科8属15种，被子植物98科296属551种。园林观赏植物有43科77属110种，其他野生植物有69科238属470种。从生活型、观赏特性等方面对观赏植物进行了分析，希望对公园今后的植物配置和管理提供帮助。     

贵州省大方县老鹰岩地区苔藓植物研究

通过对贵州省大方县老鹰岩地区采集的545份标本进行整理和鉴定,得出该地区苔藓植物有33科64属189种。其中优势科有白发藓科Leucobryaceae、真藓科Bryaceae、羽藓科Thuidiaceae等,优势属有小曲尾藓属Di-cranella、曲柄藓属Campylopus、真藓属Bryum、凤尾藓属Fissidens、青藓属Brachythecium等。而紫萼藓科Grimmi-aceae紫萼藓属Grimmia中的高山紫萼藓Grimmia montana Bruch.&Schimp.为贵州的新纪录种。在区系成分分析中,东亚成分占主导地位,总共45种,占所有种数(不包括世界广布)的33.09%。     

翠华山苔藓植物分布调查

在野外考察和参考有关文献的基础上,分析了翠华山苔藓植物分布类型。现知翠华山共有苔藓植物46科102属212种(包括5变种、1变型),其中,苔类有19科25属31种;藓类有27科77属181种。优势科为丛藓科、青藓科、真藓科、提灯藓科、柳叶藓科、灰藓科、紫萼藓科、绢藓科、羽藓科;优势属为提灯藓属、真藓属、青藓属、紫萼藓属、绢藓属、扭口藓属、灰藓属、凤尾藓属、墙藓属、耳叶苔属、水灰藓属。有大量科中仅1属和属中仅1种的类群。     

长白山区野生木本观赏树木调查

依据野外调查结果和有关文献资料,运用统计和比较的方法,评价和分析了长白山区野生观赏树木种类的多样性、观赏特性,生长类型的多样性,调查了在不同景观带野生观赏树木垂直分布的种类和数量及珍稀濒危野生观赏树木的现状和园林用途.调查发现长白山区有野生观赏树木39科、92属、202种.根据观赏特性划分,有观形树木18科、26属、51种,观叶树木 23科、34属、59种,观花树木23科、50属、103种,观果树木29科、51属、105种,观干枝树木8科、8属、21种;按生长类型划分,有乔木25科、44属、96种,灌木21科、46属、94种,藤本6科、9属、12种.野生观赏树木在夏绿阔叶蒙古栎林带里有36科、76属、156种,红松针阔混交林带里有38科、89属、188种,针叶林带里有25科、53属、86种,岳桦林带里有10科、20属、23种,高山苔原带里有7科、10属、13种,高山荒漠带里有3科、4属、7种.国家级野生珍稀濒危观赏树木13科、17属、19种,省级15科、20属、25种.这些野生观赏树木可以在园林绿化中作为行道树或庭荫树栽培,也可做园景树在园林中孤植或片植,用作垂直绿化和制作桩景.本文还就长白山区野生观赏树木资源的保护、利用与引种驯化提出了具体建议.     

河南薄山种子植物区系特征及其与邻近地区的关系

对河南省薄山植物区系的物种丰富度、优势科组成、科属种的特征、科属种的分布区类型及其与邻近地区植物区系的聚类分析等方面进行了分析。结果表明：河南薄山有种子植物120科410属747种38变种6变型。分析表明薄山种子植物区系中,世界广布成分有42科52属28个种（含种下分类单位）,热带成分有49科130属89个种（含种下分类单位）,温带成分有29科228属674个种（含种下分类单位）。其中科的地理成分以热带科和世界广布科为多,热带科为温带科的1.7倍;属的地理成分以温带成分为主,温带属的成分是热带属的1.8倍,温带种的成分占绝对优势,温带种为热带种的7.6倍。说明本区的植物区系性质是以温带成分为主。图1表6参17     

中国家禽体内的寄生吸虫名录(一)

在中国家禽体内已发现１４科４２属１７４种吸虫。其中,寄生于鸡的吸虫有１１科２２属共６１种;寄生于鸭的吸虫有１４科４１属共１５４种;寄生于鹅的吸虫有１１科２５属共６９种。本文记述了其中１科７属３９种吸虫的宿主、寄生部位与地区分布等。     

基于ICD-10的药用植物种类统计分析

根据世界卫生组织ICD-10(《国际疾病分类系统》第十次修订本International Classification of Diseases)的分类内容对贵州4 258种药用植物进行了统计分析。对其中涉及疾病最多的科、属、种进行了分析;对重要的科、属、种涉及的疾病也进行了分析。含药用植物种数大于50种的有21科,涉及疾病最多、疾病种类比例最高的科是蓼科Polygonaceae。含药用植物种类最多的属包括蓼属(Polygonum)、悬钩子属(Rubus)、杜鹃花属(Rhododendron)等,涉及疾病种类属的比例最高的是铁角蕨属Asplenium和卷柏属Selaginella。能对15种以上的疾病有疗效的药用植物有21种,包括马兜铃Aristolochia debilis、火炭母Polygonum chinense、巴豆Croton tiglium、桃金娘Rhodomyrtustomentosa等。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。