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1.
[Objective] The aim of this study was to breed new strains which have higher inhibitory effects on the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt.[Method] The endophytic Bacillus subtilis B47 strain was obtained from tomato stems by UV mutagenesis for two consecutive times,then genetic stability as well as physiological and biochemical properties of mutant strains were studied.[Result] The antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains F303,F304 and F305 was higher than that of B74 strain.After subculture of 10 successive generations,the antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains for the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt decreased,but the antibacterial activity of F305 strain decreased the least,indicating its best genetic stability among the tested strains.The antibacterial circle diameter of F305 strain was 5 mm larger than that of wild strain B47 under the same condition.The mutant strain F305 was in logarithmic growth phase within 36 h and in stationary phase within 36-96 h,while its optimum growth temperature was 35 ℃.F305 strain could grow in sodium salt with the concentration of 1%-10%,but it grew best at the concentration of 1%.Physiological and biochemical responses of F305 strain were in accordance with those of wild strain B47.[Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for the factorial production of antagonistic substance by B47 strain and new methods of preventing from the pathogens watermelon fusarium wilt.  相似文献   

2.
[Objective] The aim of this study was to breed new strains which have higher inhibitory effects on the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt.[Method] The endophytic Bacillus subtilis B47 strain was obtained from tomato stems by UV mutagenesis for two consecutive times,then genetic stability as well as physiological and biochemical properties of mutant strains were studied.[Result] The antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains F303,F304 and F305 was higher than that of B74 strain.After subculture of 10 successive generations,the antibacterial activity of all the three mutant strains for the pathogens of watermelon fusarium wilt decreased,but the antibacterial activity of F305 strain decreased the least,indicating its best genetic stability among the tested strains.The antibacterial circle diameter of F305 strain was 5 mm larger than that of wild strain B47 under the same condition.The mutant strain F305 was in logarithmic growth phase within 36 h and in stationary phase within 36-96 h,while its optimum growth temperature was 35 ℃.F305 strain could grow in sodium salt with the concentration of 1%-10%,but it grew best at the concentration of 1%.Physiological and biochemical responses of F305 strain were in accordance with those of wild strain B47.[Conclusion] This study lays the foundation for the factorial production of antagonistic substance by B47 strain and new methods of preventing from the pathogens watermelon fusarium wilt.  相似文献   

3.
棉花黄萎病拮抗细菌7-30菌株的筛选与鉴定(英文)   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
[Objective]The aim of this study was to screen the antagonistic spore-forming bacteria of Verticillium dahliae and identify its physiological and biochemical characteristics.[Method]Taking the cotton verticillium wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae V-190 as the test microorganism,the antagonistic spore-forming bacteria were screened.Through the preliminary screening and secondary screening,an antagonistic bacteria strain 7-30 with stronger antibacterial activity was obtained,and its morphological characteristics,physiological and biochemical characteristics were also identified.[Result]84 antagonistic bacteria strains were isolated from soil in various places by the preliminary screening.Especially,18 strains with better antagonistic ability were screened again,so an antagonistic bacteria strain 7-30 with the diameter of inhibition zone 18.9 mm and stronger antibacterial activity was obtained.According to its morphological characteristics,physiological and biochemical characteristics,the antagonistic bacteria strain 7-30 was identified as Bacillus subtilis primarily.[Conclusion]The strain 7-30 was obtained as the antagonistic spore-forming bacteria of Verticillium dahliae.  相似文献   

4.
西瓜枯萎病土壤拮抗菌的筛选(英文)   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
[Objective] The aim of this study was to screen bacteria strains with stable antagonistic effect against watermelon fusarium wilt from soil and investigate the biological control of watermelon fusarium wilt by applying the antagonistic bacteria strains into soil.[Method] Actinomycete strains,fluorescent bacteria strains and bacillus strains were isolated from soil samples by the dilution-plate method,then its resistance was screened respectively by the improved confront culture method after colonies were purified.Finally,bacteria strains with better antagonistic effect were identified.[Result] 29 bacteria strains with stable antagonistic effect against watermelon fusarium wilt were screened from 39 soil samples,which contained 15 fluorescent bacteria strains,5 bacillus strains and 9 actinomycete strains.Furthermore,three antagonistic bacteria strains of FM2,FM3 and FM4 with the strongest antagonism were identified primarily.[Conclusion] According to cultural characteristics,morphological observation,biochemical and physiological tests,FM2 belongs to bacillus subtilis,while FM3 and FM4 belong to micrococcus.  相似文献   

5.
[Objective]The aim was to isolate and identify an endophytic bacteria strain with antimicrobial activity from Davidia involucrate Brail.[Method]Endophytic strain with antibiosis ability was isolated from D.involucrate Brail by using cylinder-plate method.Then,it was identified through physiological and biochemical tests,16S rDNA homology analysis as well as some gene-specific sequence analysis.[Result]B221 stain had antimicrobial activity against a variety of rice plant pathogens,and it was identified as Bacillus subtilis.[Conclusion]This study enriches the research on endophyte within D.involucrate Brail,application of Bacillus bio-control,and therefore has laid a good foundation for the development of fungus used in biological control of crop pathogens.  相似文献   

6.
低叶绿素b水稻突变体的抗氧化酶系统研究(英文)   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant.  相似文献   

7.
沙葱提取物抗菌效果的研究(英文)   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
[Objective] Study on antibacterial activity and stability of the ethanol extracts from Allium mongolicum Regel.[Method] Taking Allium mongolicum Regel.(AMR)as experimental material,the antibacterial and stability test,antibacterial capacity and antibacterial activity substance stability of extracts were studied.[Result] Size order of antibacterial effect of extracts on these 5 strains tended to be:Saccharomyces cerevisiae > Penicillium sp.> Aspergillusniger> Staphylococcusaureus> Escherichia coli;under neutral or slight alkaline conditions,optimum antibacterial effect presented best;and UV light irradiation basically had no influence on tested strains.[Conclusion] Antibacterial effect of ethanol extract shows great difference among these strains,and antibacterial activity substance is of good heat and UV light stability.  相似文献   

8.
[Objective]The aim was to introduce T-DNA into watermelon for its molecular marker research.[Method]Based on the method of foreign DNA introduced to Arabidopsis thaliana via dipping flowers,the stigma smear was used to transfer T-DNA into watermelon and its molecular marker research was carried out.[Result]The ideal transformed species was ZXG01078 for the highest fruit setting rate and the most deviant seedlings.The best concentration of kanamycin for treating watermelon seeds was 500-700 mg/L with differences among the species.The best position was spire leaf or young leaf and the best concentration of kanamycin for treating the watermelon leaf was 4 000-8 000 mg/L with no significant difference among species.The steadily variation appearing of growing pointless and conjoined twin seedlings indicated that the normal growth had been interfered by foreign DNA in the progeny.[Conclusion]This study had provided basis for the further research on watermelon.  相似文献   

9.
[Objective] Study on antibacterial activity and stability of the ethanol extracts from Allium mongolicum Regel.[Method] Taking Allium mongolicum Regel.(AMR)as experimental material,the antibacterial and stability test,antibacterial capacity and antibacterial activity substance stability of extracts were studied.[Result] Size order of antibacterial effect of extracts on these 5 strains tended to be:Saccharomyces cerevisiae > Penicillium sp.> Aspergillusniger> Staphylococcusaureus> Escherichia coli;under neutral or slight alkaline conditions,optimum antibacterial effect presented best;and UV light irradiation basically had no influence on tested strains.[Conclusion] Antibacterial effect of ethanol extract shows great difference among these strains,and antibacterial activity substance is of good heat and UV light stability.  相似文献   

10.
[Objective] Study on antibacterial activity and stability of the ethanol extracts from Allium mongolicum Regel.[Method] Taking Allium mongolicum Regel.(AMR)as experimental material,the antibacterial and stability test,antibacterial capacity and antibacterial activity substance stability of extracts were studied.[Result] Size order of antibacterial effect of extracts on these 5 strains tended to be:Saccharomyces cerevisiae > Penicillium sp.> Aspergillusniger> Staphylococcusaureus> Escherichia coli;under neutral or slight alkaline conditions,optimum antibacterial effect presented best;and UV light irradiation basically had no influence on tested strains.[Conclusion] Antibacterial effect of ethanol extract shows great difference among these strains,and antibacterial activity substance is of good heat and UV light stability.  相似文献   

11.
[目的]为选育对西瓜枯萎病病菌具更强抑制作用的新菌株。[方法]对从番茄茎内分离获得的内生枯草芽孢杆菌B47菌株进行连续2次紫外线诱变,并对诱变菌株的遗传稳定性和生理生化特性进行测定。[结果]筛选获得3株抑菌活性高于B47菌株的诱变菌株F303、F304、F305,经10代传代培养后,3株诱变菌株对西瓜枯萎病病菌的抑菌活性都有所下降,但F305的抑菌活性下降最小,遗传稳定性最好,在同等条件下其抑菌圈直径仍比野生菌株B47大5 mm。诱变菌株F305在36 h内处于对数生长期,在36~96 h内处于稳定期;最适宜生长温度为35℃;在浓度为1%~10%的钠盐中皆能生长,但以浓度为1%时生长最好,该菌株的生理生化反应与野生菌株B47的反应一致。[结论]该研究为利用B47菌株进行工厂化生产拮抗性物质产品和探讨防治西瓜枯萎病的新方法奠定了基础。  相似文献   

12.
西瓜枯萎病土壤拮抗菌的初步筛选   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[目的]从土壤中筛选对西瓜枯萎病具有稳定拮抗作用的细菌,以反施于土壤进行枯萎病生物防治。[方法]采用稀释分离平板法分离土样中的放线菌、荧光菌和芽孢杆菌,纯化菌落后用改良对峙培养法作抗性筛选,并对拮抗效果最佳的菌株进行鉴定归属。[结果]从39份土样中共筛选出29株对西瓜枯萎病具有稳定拮抗作用的细菌,其中荧光菌15株,芽孢菌5株,放线菌9株。从中选出拮抗作用最强的3个拮抗菌FM2F、M3F、M4进行初步鉴定。[结论]菌株的培养特征和形态学观察及生理生化测试结果表明,FM2为枯草芽孢杆菌,FM3F、M4为微球菌属。  相似文献   

13.
【目的】分析不同瓠瓜砧木西瓜嫁接苗对西瓜枯萎病的抗性表现及生长、生理指标差异,确立评价抗病性关键指标,为筛选砧用瓠瓜及抗病育种提供参考。【方法】选用6份不同类型的瓠瓜(H04、H05、H07、H10、H0405和H1004)为砧木嫁接西瓜栽培品种,以西瓜栽培品种自根嫁接苗为对照,采用苗期人工接种尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型2号生理小种鉴定瓠瓜砧木嫁接苗的抗病性,测定嫁接苗的株高、茎粗、最大叶片叶面积、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)及叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量等生长、生理指标,采用隶属函数法综合评价不同瓠瓜砧木嫁接苗对枯萎病的抗性。【结果】不同瓠瓜砧木嫁接西瓜苗对枯萎病的抗性表现不同,砧木H0405和H04的嫁接苗表现高抗,其最大叶片叶面积和叶绿素SPAD值最高,株高和茎粗增长较快,叶片POD活性显著高于自根嫁接苗(P0.05,下同),MDA含量显著低于自根嫁接苗。以生长、生理指标的隶属函数值综合评价不同类型瓠瓜砧木嫁接西瓜苗的抗病性,排序结果与按株高、最大叶片叶面积、叶绿素SPAD值的大小排序和以病情指数鉴定抗病性的结果基本相同。【结论】瓠瓜高代自交系H04可作为抗西瓜枯萎病的砧用瓠瓜育种资源,其杂种一代H0405可作为抗西瓜枯萎病的优良砧木。通过测定嫁接苗的株高、最大叶片叶面积和叶绿素SPAD值可快速评价嫁接苗对西瓜枯萎病的抗病性强弱。  相似文献   

14.
【目的】探明不同砧木嫁接对西瓜抗生理性凋萎症的作用机理,为抗性砧木筛选和育种提供理论依据。【方法】选用葫芦、南瓜、冬瓜、野生西瓜等12个砧木与广西三号无籽西瓜进行嫁接试验、田间栽培试验,测定不同嫁接组合对西瓜生长后期叶片生理生化指标的影响。【结果】不同的嫁接组合中,以白籽南瓜、广西本地葫芦、杂交葫芦、伙伴野生西瓜、日本南瓜、大蒲瓜、超丰F1作砧木西瓜生理性凋萎症发病率较低,为0~6.00%,最低的为白籽南瓜。发病率低的组合,其叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量和POD活性、SOD活性、Pro含量均极显著高于对照,MDA含量则显著低于对照。【结论】日本南瓜、广西本地葫芦、杂交葫芦、伙伴野生西瓜对西瓜生理性凋萎症抗性较强,可在生产上示范应用。  相似文献   

15.
[目的]从菠菜上筛选内生细菌,防治菠菜主要病害。[方法]用稀释分离法从菠菜植株内分离内生细菌,培养基平板对峙法测定内生细菌的拮抗作用,并依据形态特征和生理生化特性,使用B iolog细菌鉴定系统鉴定。[结果]从菠菜植株根分离到具有生防活性的细菌SEB,对菠菜枯萎病菌等5种病原菌有较强的拮抗作用,鉴定为芽孢杆菌属。[结论]SEB菌株对多种病原真菌有拮抗作用,对菠菜枯萎病菌抑制率最高,具有开发成微生物制剂,防治园艺作物和农作物病害枯萎病的价值。  相似文献   

16.
[目的]筛选防治黄瓜枯萎病的药剂。[方法]对安徽省合肥市三十岗乡黄瓜枯萎病进行防治药剂筛选试验。试验中,每7~10 d调查1次。调查采用5点取样,每点调查4株,共20株,记载每小区内发病株数及严重度。[结果]结果表明:1.5%菌线威可湿性粉剂防治效果最好,防效为81.6%;其次为36%粉霉灵悬浮剂,防效76.8%;美洲星液肥亦可有效地减轻黄瓜枯萎病发病程度。对小区产量进行测定发现,1.5%菌线威可湿性粉剂增产率最高,平均增产72.2%;其次为36%粉霉灵悬浮剂增产57.7%;第3位为36%抗萎灵可湿性粉剂,增产率为49.3%;最后为美洲星液肥增产43.7%。[结论]筛选出了防治黄瓜枯萎病的适宜药剂,其中,1.5%菌线威可湿性粉剂最好,36%粉霉灵悬浮剂、36%抗萎灵可湿性粉剂、美洲星液肥依次次之。  相似文献   

17.
【目的】从防风根际土中分离筛选出对防风枯萎病具有较强防治效果的生防真菌。【方法】采用对峙培养法从根际土壤中筛选出1株可拮抗尖孢镰刀菌的真菌菌株MR-97,并测定其抑菌谱;根据真菌菌落特征、显微特征,结合ITS序列分析等方法对拮抗菌株进行鉴定;通过显微观察MR-97对尖孢镰刀菌菌丝生长的影响;采用抗生素标记法测定拮抗菌株在土壤中的定殖能力;进行田间盆栽试验,检验MR-97对防风枯萎病的防治效果。【结果】本研究筛选出1株对尖孢镰刀菌抑菌效果为64.44%的拮抗菌株MR-97,其对木贼镰刀菌、灰葡萄孢等8种常见病原菌具有较强的抑菌效果,经鉴定菌株MR-97为土曲霉Aspergillus terreus。MR-97与尖孢镰刀菌对峙培养可使病原菌菌丝产生膨大、畸形、菌丝破损、内含物凝集等现象;在土壤中具有良好的定殖效果,土壤含菌量最高为9.8×106 CFU/g。盆栽试验中,MR-97对防风枯萎病防效为67.86%,防治效果较好。【结论】土曲霉MR-97可有效抑制尖孢镰刀菌等多种病原菌菌丝生长,可在土壤中较快定殖并发挥生防效力。作为优质的生防菌源,MR-97具有一定的开发应...  相似文献   

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