鸡腿菇多糖提取工艺条件的研究

探讨热水浸提法提取鸡腿菇多糖的工艺。采用单因素试验和正交试验检测液固比、浸提温度、浸提时间及提取次数对鸡腿菇多糖提取率的影响。结果最佳提取工艺条件为:液固比40∶1、浸提温度70℃、浸提时间4h、提取次数3次,在此工艺条件下提取率达到6.87%。     

五指山水满茶中茶多糖的2种提取工艺比较

采用热水浸提法和超声波辅助提取法研究海南五指山水满茶中茶多糖的提取工艺,运用单因素试验和正交试验探讨料液比、提取时间、提取温度与提取次数对水满茶中茶多糖提取率的影响,确定热水与超声波提取水满茶中茶多糖的最佳提取条件,并比较最佳提取条件下两种提取方法的多糖得率。结果表明,热水浸提法的最佳工艺条件为:料液比(g∶m L)为1∶20,浸提时间60 min,浸提温度80℃,浸提次数3次;超声波辅助提取法的最佳工艺条件为:超声温度55℃,料液比(g∶m L)为1∶15,超声时间30 min,超声次数3次;热水浸提法多糖提取率478.09 mg/g,优于超声辅助提取法245.72 mg/g。     

茶多糖提取方法及影响因子优化研究

[目的]找出茶多糖的最优提取方法和对提取率的影响因子。[方法]测定采用醇沉淀法、CTAB沉淀法、微波水提法3种提取方法的提取率。研究提取时间、液固比、提取温度和提取次数4个因素对茶叶中茶多糖提取率的影响,并利用正交试验进行优化。[结果]较优的提取条件为：提取时间60 min,蒸馏水与茶叶的液固比30∶1,浸提温度60-70℃,提取次数3次,茶多糖的提取率达2.120%。[结论]采用醇沉淀法提取茶多糖时效果最优,浸提时间、液固比、浸提温度和浸提次数均与提取率呈正相关。     

台湾百合多糖提取工艺研究

对台湾百合多糖的提取工艺进行了探索性研究,比较了浸提次数、浸提时间、提取温度、固液比4个因素对台湾百合多糖提取率的影响,并采用L<,9>(34)正交设计法优化提取条件.结果表明:台湾百合多糖的最佳提取条件为浸提次数2次,浸取时间7 h,提取温度75℃,固液比1:20;影响台湾百合多糖热水浸提的主要因素是提取温度,其次是提取时间,再次是浸提次数和固液比,选择此条件提取台湾百合多糖,提取率为9.98%.     

水法提取普洱茶茶多糖条件优化

[目的]筛选热水浸提法提取普洱茶中水溶性茶多糖的最佳条件。[方法]采用热水浸提法提取普洱茶中的水溶性茶多糖,根据浸提时间、浸提温度、料液比、提取次数对多糖得率的影响,通过正交试验得到普洱茶水溶性多糖浸提工艺优选因素组合。[结果]影响普洱茶茶多糖得率的因素主次顺序为浸提时间提取次数浸提温度料液比;最佳浸提条件为固液比1∶20 g/ml、温度90℃、时间1.5 h、浸提2次;在最佳浸提工艺条件下进行浸提试验,得到的最佳提取率是54.5%。[结论]为普洱茶中茶多糖的提取提供了依据。     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取竹叶多糖工艺研究

利用微波辅助技术提取竹叶多糖。在单因素试验的基础上,运用响应面分析法,研究液固比、提取时间、提取温度对竹叶多糖提取率的影响,建立多糖提取得率的二次回归方程,并确定了竹叶多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为:微波功率为600 W,微波提取温度124℃,提取时间44 min,液固比41:1,采用该工艺条件,提取1次,竹叶多糖的提取率达到0.45%。而理论预测多糖得率是0.456%,实际得率达到理论预测值的98.68%。     

苜蓿芽水溶性多糖提取工艺的研究

探讨了苜蓿芽水溶性多糖提取的工艺条件,采用单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验设计,研究了不同浸提时间、温度、固液比和次数单因素对苜蓿芽多糖提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳提取条件为浸提时间1h、温度100℃、固液比1∶50、浸提3次,多糖提取率为6.56%。     

超声波辅助热浸提甘薯多糖工艺研究

[目的]本研究以甘薯为原料,研究甘薯多糖超声波辅助热浸提的一种最佳工艺。[方法]研究提取温度、时间、料液比、提取次数单因素对甘薯多糖提取率的影响,以正交试验优化超声波辅助热提取工艺。[结果]超声波辅助热浸提甘薯多糖最佳提取条件为:提取温度70℃,提取时间60min,料液比1∶20,连续提取3次,提取率可达32.95%。浸提温度对甘薯多糖提取率的影响极显著,超声提时间和料液比影响显著,提取次数对甘薯多糖提取率的影响不显著。[结论]采用超声波辅助热水浸提甘薯多糖的方法,不但提高多糖的得率,而且节约时间,本试验得到的最佳提取工艺可作为甘薯进一步开发的依据。     

香菇多糖提取条件的优化研究

研究了采用微波协同高压热水浸提法从香菇中提取活性多糖的最适条件。通过单因素试验和正交试验,探讨了料液比、微波功率、微波处理时间、高压浸提时间及高压浸提温度对香菇多糖提取率的影响,并以香菇多糖提取率为评价指标,优化提取工艺。试验结果表明,微波协同高压热水浸提法提取香菇多糖的最适条件:料液比为1∶50(g∶mL),微波功率为640 W,微波处理时间为6 min,高压浸提温度为115℃,高压浸提时间为100 min。在此条件下,香菇多糖的提取率为13.8%。     

超声波辅助提取香菇多糖的研究

[目的]优化影响超声波辅助水浸提法提取香菇多糖的因素,提高多糖的提取率。[方法]设计单因子试验和多因子的正交试验,研究料液比、超声波处理时间、浸提温度、浸提时间4个因子对香菇多糖提取率的影响。[结果]超声波辅助水浸提法提取香菇多糖的最佳条件为：料液比1∶25、超声波处理15 min、100℃浸提2.0 h。在该条件下,香菇多糖提取率为4.39%。[结论]通过优化提取条件提高了香菇多糖的提取率,为香菇多糖的开发利用奠定了基础。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托，采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标，按业务流程设计与实现的，包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题，建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异，探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料，采用“3414”方案，在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部，不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部；不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部；不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部，不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段，植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势，但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大，不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理，为22 694.06 kg·hm-2，其次是N2P2K2处理，为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配，对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量，又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中，氮素最重要，在氮素得到满足的条件下，磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下，氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

仙人掌超氧化物歧化酶提取与纯化研究

以仙人掌为试验材料,采用硫酸铵分级沉淀法得到超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide Dismutase,SOD）粗酶液。然后用Sephadex（葡聚糖凝胶）G-75层析柱层析对粗酶液进行进一步纯化,最后用邻苯三酚法测定酶活力,并对酶活力主要影响因素（包括pH值、温度、抑制剂）进行了研究。结果显示仙人掌SOD酶比活力为751.56U.mg-1。pH值为7.5~8.5时酶活力最大,稳定性也好。温度维持在25~30℃时酶活力最高。由于过氧化氢和氰化钾均能使仙人掌SOD的酶活力显著下降,因而可以初步判断从仙人掌中提取到的SOD是Cu.Zn-SOD。     

锌对镉·汞复合污染下豌豆幼苗生长的影响

以豌豆为试验材料,采用水培方法研究了锌对镉、汞复合污染下的豌豆种子萌发与生长的影响。结果显示,锌浓度≤100.0 mg/L时促进豌豆种子的萌发,锌浓度为200.0和300.0 mg/L时抑制豌豆种子的萌发。当镉、汞的浓度为3.0 mg/L时,100.0 mg/L锌的解毒效应最明显,表现为能够促进镉、汞胁迫下豌豆种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低豌豆幼苗根尖细胞畸变率,提高豌豆幼苗的叶绿素含量及过氧化物酶活性;但当锌浓度≥200.0 mg/L时,与镉、汞协同迫害豌豆幼苗的生长。