Construction of Antibacterial Peptide CecropinB Eukaryotic Recombinant Vector and Its Expression in Dairy Goat Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells

To investigate the expression of antibacterial peptide CecropinB cDNA in dairy goat mammary gland epithelial cells,the CecropinB gene was cloned and was inserted into a eukaryotic vector pECFP-C1 to construct the recombinant plasmid pECFP-B by genetic engineering technique.Recombinant plasmid pECFP-B was transfected into dairy goat mammary gland epithelial to detect the bactericidal activity of CecropinB.The expression of CecropinB was also detected.The result of RT-PCR demonstrated CecropinB gene was expressed in transfected cells.CecropinB recombinant plasmid DNA was injected into udders and CecropinB was expressed in mammary gland,exhibiting bactericidal activity to Staphylococcus aureus in vivo experiments.     

Construction and Screening of Bovine Bax Gene shRNA Interference Expression Vector

Bax is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family genes which regulate programmed cell death. To decrease the apoptosis of bovine fibroblast cells, we construsted specific short hairpin （shRNA） expression vector encoding shRNA targeting Bax gene to screen the most effective vector. Four shRNAs sequences based on the sequence of bovine Bax mRNA in the GenBank were designed, and one scrambled shRNA sequence was regarded as negative control. The designed and synthesised single-stranded primer were annealed to double-stranded oligo sequences and cloned into linear pRI-GFP vector digested by enzymes Xho I and Bgl II. Screening positive cloning after transformed into DH5a competent cells and identified by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. Named the correct vectors as pRI-GFP-Bax-190, pRI-GFP-Bax-206, pRI-GFP-Bax-215, pRI -GFP-Bax-389, pRI-GFP- Bax-NC （the negative control） and seleced them by quantitative PCR after transfected after 24 h and 48 h. The results showed that pRI-GFP-Bax-190 was the highest efficiency （95.47%）, and significant difference （P〈0.01） after 48 h transfection. RNA interference （RNAi） mediated by shRNA expression vector could significantly down-regulate the expression of Bax gene in bovine fibroblast cells, which laid a foundation for further research.     

Serial Nuclear Transfer of Goat-Rabbit Interspecies Reconstructed Embryos

The experiments of serial nuclear transfer were conducted between Boer goat and rabbit. The enucleated oocytes of rabbit were used as recipients while the blastomeres of goat morula was used as nuclear donor. The reconstructed embryos developing to morula were used as donor for serial cloning. As a result, two generations of reconstructed embryos were obtained, including 58 first generation reconstructed embryos and 14 second generation reconstructed embryos. The fusion rates were 79.5 and 70%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between them （P〉0.05）. The cleavage rates were 75.9 and 28.6% respectively with significant difference （P〈0.01）. No blastocyst was obtained from the second generation reconstructed embryos while 13.8% of first generation reconstructed embryos developed to blastocyst.     

体细胞核移植法获得转人乳铁蛋白基因克隆山羊妊娠的研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn't be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells.     

Pregnancies Resulting from Transgenic Embryos with Human Lactoferrin Gene Produced by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn't be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells.     

体细胞核移植法获得转人乳铁蛋白基因克隆山羊妊娠的研究(英文)

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the effects of donor cell type,embryo stage,number and transfer position on the efficiency of goat transgenic clone.[Method] Using somatic cell nuclear transfer technology,the single goat fetal fibroblasts(GFF)and mammary gland epithelial cells(GMGE)harboring human lactoferrin(hLF)gene were transferred to the enucleated oocyte.Reconstructed karyoplast-cytoplast couplets were fused,activated,and cultured in vitro.Embryos at 2-8 cell stage were transferred into oviduct of synchronized recipients,and blastocysts were transferred into uterine horn.[Result] The pregnancy rate was similar between GFF and GMGE(oviduct transfer:26.47% vs.20.00%),and between oviduct transfer and uterine horn transfer(26.47% vs.25.00%)for GFF group;pregnancy rate in the group with the mean number of embryo transferred per recipient of 21.2 was significantly higher than in those the 5.93 group and 9.64 group(40.00% vs.26.67% and 21.43%).[Conclusion] These results indicate that pregnancy rate of goat transgenic clone couldn’t be affected by donor cell type,embryo stage and transfer position but be done by the number of embryo transferred per recipient.In addition,the study also suggests the feasibility of making transgenic goat using GMGE as donor cells.     

表达小反刍兽疫病毒H基因的山羊痘病毒通用转移载体的构建及鉴定(英文)

[Objective] This study was to develop a live vector vaccine of goat pox virus of Peste des petits ruminants(PPR). [Method] Using PCR amplification technique, PPR H gene was obtained, then ligated into pGEM-T easy vector; the recombinants were digested by Nhe Ⅰ and Hind Ⅲ, and ligated into pEGFP-N1-P7.5, yielding the recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H; next the expression cassette EGFP-N1-P7.5-H was first released from recombinant vector pEGFP-N1-P7.5-H by double digestion of Hind Ⅲ and Nhe Ⅰ and ligated into pUC119-TK that was digested by Kpn Ⅰ, yielding the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H. [Result] Identification and double enzyme digestion showed that the transfer vector pUC119-TK-EGFP-P7.5-H was correctly constructed. From the transfer vector transfected BHK-21 cells which infected GTPV AV41, specific fluorescence was observed at 48th h of transfection. [Conclusion] The construction of goat poxvirus live vector laid a foundation for the live vector vaccine of PPR vaccine.     

金黄色葡萄球菌FnBP配体结合区基因的克隆及其原核表达(英文)

[Objective] The study aimed to clone the FnBP ligand binding gene of Staphylococcus aureus and run prokaryotic expression by constructing a prokaryotic expression vector. [Method] The gene encoding FnBP ligand binding gene was amplified from S.aureus chromosomal DNA by PCR technique. After T-A cloning, plasmid pMD18- FnBP was constructed. pMD18- FnBP and pET28a(+)were digested by BamH Ⅰ and EcoR Ⅰ double enzymes, then the purified FnBP ligand binding gene was subcloned into the expression vector pET28a(+), and the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-FnBP was thus constructed. The constructed plasmid pET28a-FnBP was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) competent cells. The bacterium was induced by IPTG and the expressed products were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. [Result] The gene fragment with the length of 370 bp was amplified by PCR approach. One approximately 30 kD exogenous protein was observed in SDS-PAGE analysis. Western blot analysis indicates the protein has antigenicity of S.aureus. [Conclusion] The FnBP ligand binding gene of S.aureus was successfully cloned and expressed in prokaryotic cells.     

Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Embryonic Cell Nuclear Transfer in Rabbits

Factors affecting the efficiency of nuclear transfer （NT） in rabbits were examined in the present study. When 100 V mm of pulse strength and 15 us of pulse duration were employed, 3 and 4 electronic pulses resulted in significantly more cytoplasts fused with donor cells compared with 2 electronic pulses （P〈 0.05）, but no significant difference was found in the cleavage rate of reconstructed embryos among the three groups （P〉0.05）. When the duration and number of electronic pulse were fixed at 15 ps and 3 times, increase of pulse intensity from 100 V mm 1 to 150 V mm^-1 and 200 V mm^-1 resulted in a significantly decrease in the cleavage rate of reconstructed embryos （P〈 0.05）, although the fusion rate did not significantly differ among the three groups （P〉 0.05）. Significantly more reconstructed embryos cleaved and developed to blastocysts when they were derived from donor embryos at the 8-16-cell stage, in comparison with the reconstructed embryos derived from donor embryos at the compact morula stage （P 〈 0.05）, although the fusion rate was similar （P 〉 0.05）. Activation of cytoplasts prior to fusion increased the cleavage rate （P〈 0.05） and blastocyst development （P〈 0.05） of reconstructed embryos, but decreased the fusion rate （P 〈 0.05） compared with cytoplasts activated post fusion. More reconstructed embryos developed to blastocysts when they were cultured in TCM ＋ 3% OCS at the first 48 h and then cultured in TCM199＋ 10% FCS, in comparison with the reconstructed embryos cultured in either TCM199＋ 10% FCS or TCM199＋3% OCS （P 〈 0.05）. When 22 NT embryos were transferred into the oviducts of one recipient rabbit, one recipient rabbit delivered a female rabbit at 34 days of gestation. In conclusion, either electrofusion parameter or developmental stage of donor embryos have a significant effect on the efficiency of NT, NT embryos require different concentration of serum at their different development stages.     

转K2.9基因绒山羊体细胞核移植技术体系的优化研究

【目的】利用体细胞核移植技术制备转毛角蛋白Ⅱ型中间丝K2.9基因的高绒质绒山羊胚胎,为绒山羊优良品种的培育提供一种全新的技术材料。【方法】以含有Neor 基因标记的K2.9 毛囊特异表达载体pcDNA3.1-K转染绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞,经G418筛选获得转K2.9基因细胞,将获得的转基因阳性细胞与体外成熟的绒山羊卵母细胞进行核移植,并对生产的重构胚进行了体外培养。本文分别进行了激活方法、供体细胞和卵母细胞来源的筛选,且对获得的囊胚进行了PCR鉴定。【结果】（1）Iono+6-D对成年羊卵母细胞的孤雌激活效果好于A23187+6-D,显著提高了胚胎的卵裂率。（2）羔羊孤雌胚的卵裂率显著低于成年羊,但囊胚率差异不显著。（3）来自2只绒山羊胎儿的转基因成纤维细胞对核移植胚的发育没有显著影响,但2号羊的转基因细胞显著提高了融合率。（4）以羔羊卵进行核移植,显著降低了核移植胚的发育率。（5）对获得的囊胚进行PCR鉴定,成功扩增到目的基因。【结论】将K2.9 毛囊特异表达载体pcDNA3.1-K转染的绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞作为供体细胞,核移植到成年羊卵母细胞中,以Iono+6-D进行激活,首次成功、高效地获得携带K2.9基因的绒山羊囊胚。     

TSA浓度及处理时间对猪体细胞核移植胚胎体外发育影响

曲古抑菌素A(Trichostatin A,TSA)是一种组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂.有研究表明TSA处理可以提高核移植胚胎的发育率.为探讨TSA对猪核移植胚胎发育的作用,试验重点研究了TSA浓度及处理时间对核移植胚胎体外发育的影响,同时也探索了TSA对不同供核细胞构建的重构胚体外发育的影响.结果表明,40 nmol·L-...     

陕北白绒山羊种公羊的体细胞克隆

【目的】利用体细胞核移植技术克隆陕北白绒山羊优秀种公羊个体。【方法】以特别优秀成年陕北白绒山羊种公羊耳部皮肤成纤维细胞为供体细胞,体外培养成熟的陕北白绒山羊卵母细胞作为受体,利用显微操作方法对成熟卵母细胞进行去核操作,然后将供体细胞注射到其卵周隙内,经电融合将其导入去核卵母细胞内形成核移植重组胚。利用钙离子载体Ionomycine联合蛋白酶抑制剂6甲基氨基嘌呤（6-DMAP）对核移植重组胚进行激活处理,挑选激活后完整的胚胎继续进行体外培养,然后在2～16细胞期时将克隆胚胎移植到相应的同期发情受体母羊体内,利用PCRRFLP技术鉴定克隆羊。【结果】构建了体细胞核移植胚胎253枚,重组胚胎的融合率为71.54%(181/253),体外培养后的卵裂率为68.33%（123/180）,囊胚发育率为25.20%（31/123）;在此基础上,构建了537枚克隆胚,将其中卵裂的359枚分别移植到32只代孕母羊体内,移植60 d后,有2只受体母羊确认妊娠,最终1只受体母羊妊娠第4月流产出2只死羔;另1只受体母羊维持到期并顺产体细胞克隆羊1只。经遗传学鉴定,2只流产羊羔与1只存活个体均为体细胞核移植后代。【结论】获得陕北白绒山羊克隆个体,建立了相对完善的陕北白绒山羊克隆技术体系。     

G418处理核供体细胞对猪克隆胚胎体外发育效率的影响

【目的】探索G418处理供体细胞对其核移植胚胎发育效率的影响。【方法】利用G418单独处理猪成体成纤维细胞6 d后,收集细胞,利用荧光定量PCR的方法检测处理前后细胞中抗氧化应激、细胞凋亡相关基因的表达水平,运用亚硫酸盐结合测序法分别检测基因组重复序列LINE-1、微卫星的DNA甲基化状态,以及其核移植胚胎体外发育的能力。【结果】经不同质量浓度G418处理的供体细胞的抗氧化应激酶相关基因及细胞凋亡基因表达发生显著变化(P0.05),但其DNA甲基化水平没有发生改变(P0.05);经G418处理的供体细胞的核移植胚胎的体外发育效率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。【结论】G418处理供体细胞可能对其克隆胚胎体外发育效率有抑制作用。     

携带人Ⅰ型а1原胶原基因荷斯坦奶牛胚胎的发育研究

克隆了人Ⅰ型а1原胶原的cDNA基因,将克隆的基因连接到改造后的乳腺特异性表达载体pGC1上,经电穿孔法转染到成纤维细胞中,利用核移植技术获得携带人Ⅰ型а1原胶原基因牛胚胎。最终获得8枚转基因的囊胚,证明用核移植方法获得的携带人Ⅰ型а1原胶原蛋白基因的荷斯坦奶牛胚胎能够正常发育。     

提高山羊卵丘细胞核移植效果的研究

 【目的】提高山羊卵丘细胞核移植效果。【方法】采用秋水仙胺提高山羊卵母细胞去核率,5-氮-2'-脱氧核苷（5-aza-dC）和曲古菌素A（TSA）影响山羊卵丘细胞核移植胚胎。【结果】0.5 μg?ml-1秋水仙胺处理山羊卵母细胞效果最好,胞质突起率达91.7%（P＜0.05）;通过比较盲吸去核法与化学辅助去核法的去核率及构建卵丘细胞核移植胚胎的体外发育能力发现,化学辅助去核法的去核率达100%,所构建的重构胚体外发育能力较高,桑椹胚率和囊胚率分别达25.2%和13.1%,显著高于盲吸去核法（P＜0.05）。采用0.01 μmol?L-1的5-aza-dC处 理山羊卵丘细胞,核移植胚胎桑椹胚率和囊胚率分别达30.4%和17.0%,显著高于其它各组（P＜0.05）;采用 400 nmol?L-1TSA处理山羊卵丘细胞,核移植胚胎桑椹胚率、囊胚率分别达31.5%和15.2%。【结论】化学辅助去核法的去核率显著高于盲吸去核法,采用0.01 μmol?L-1的5-aza-dC或400 nmol?L-1 TSA处理山羊卵丘细胞,效果最佳。     

马-牛无透明带卵异种克隆的研究

 【目的】开展异种克隆，为濒危动物的保护、细胞核重编程与核质互作研究提供新途径。【方法】以马耳成纤维细胞为供体，牛卵母细胞为受体，采用无透明带手工克隆方法构建异种胚胎，比较不同的激活液、培养液、体细胞同期方式、核移植方法对马-牛异种克隆胚胎体外发育的影响。【结果】（1）A23187 + 6-DMAP联合激活获得的克隆胚胎发育较好，囊胚率2.60%；（2）克隆胚胎于mCR1aa中的卵裂率和桑葚率显著高于CR1aa和SOF（83.65%vs 77.49%，74.87%；22.36%vs19.37%，18.98%，P＜0.05），且发育到囊胚（2.72%），CR1aa与SOF间无显著差异；（3）供体细胞经血清饥饿或接触抑制处理后，获得的异种克隆胚的融合率、卵裂率、桑葚率和囊胚率无显著差异；（4）无透明带手工克隆法的融合率显著高于显微注射法（90.33% vs 72.94%），卵裂率、桑葚率和囊胚率无显著差异；（5）马-牛异种克隆胚与牛同种克隆胚比较，融合率和卵裂率无差别，桑葚率和囊胚率有显著差异（21.78%vs63.52%；2.71%vs37.48%）。【结论】牛卵母细胞能支持马体细胞去分化，进行核重编程。但由于二者的物种距离较远，异种克隆胚胎的发育能力远低于同种克隆胚胎。     

供核细胞对绵羊体细胞克隆效率的影响

【目的】在制作克隆胚胎时,供核细胞直接制约着重构胚的融合数量和发育潜力。研究供核细胞对绵羊体细胞对克隆效率的影响。【方法】从供核细胞的静置时间,研究传代次数与周期处理,供核细胞不同克隆株,不同羊源细胞等,以重构胚融合率和囊胚发育率为检测指标,判定单因素供核细胞对克隆胚胎的影响。【结果】在供核细胞静置时间方面,供核细胞静置15~30 min内完成重构胚制作的融合率极显著高于静置2 h左右的供核细胞组(90.10% vs 78.84%)(P< 0. 01),但囊胚率差异不显著(15.58%vs 14.65%)(P＞0.05);在供核细胞传代次数(d1~d3)和汇合期生长时间方面(24 and 48 h ),各组的融合率差异不显著(70.37%、76.03%、71.92% vs 72.97%)(P＞0.05),但囊胚率有增高的趋势(5.96%、9.06%、15.85% vs 20.16%);在同一供核细胞不同克隆株方面,供核细胞对融合率和囊胚率存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的影响;在不同个体方面,供核细胞株对融合率和囊胚率存在极显著的影响(P<0.01)。【结论】15~30 min内的静置供核细胞、传代3次并延长汇合期细胞生长时间(48 h),多选细胞株更有利于克隆胚的制作。