黑麦花粉诱导小麦孤雌生殖及其利用的研究

［８４Ｇ６×７９（１Ｂ）８－８］Ｆ１去雄第７ｄ，用ＡＲ７７黑麦花粉重复授粉２次，结实８粒，诱导结实率４．４％，孤雌生殖一代获得纯合二倍体５株，纯合二倍体频率为２．７８％；孤雌生殖二代１８－３－１和１８－３－４两个株系的主要农艺性状表现整齐一致，其中１８－３－４植株较矮，抗病性较好，是一个早熟、大穗、大粒高抗条锈病的新品系。１９９３￣１９９４年品比试验表明，该品系较小偃６号增产２５．３％，较陕麦２２     

资—9601柚的选育与栽培

资－９６０１柚是沙田柚中选育出的早熟优良变异单株,平均单果重０．８－２．０公斤,可溶性固形物１２．５％－１４．０％,果汁率３０．０％－３５．５％,可食率４５．０％－５０．０％,果皮厚１．０－１．５重米;囊瓣排列整齐,汁胞细长透明,味香甜微酸,口感脆嫩化渣,着色橙黄均匀,果实极耐贮藏。     

薄荷新品种阜油1号脱毒苗的生物学性状和产油量

薄荷新品种阜油１号５个脱毒茎尖组培苗品系的田间小区对比试验结果表明：参试的各无性系与未脱毒的对照相比开花整齐并且提早１０ｄ左右;鲜草量增加３６５４．１５～７ ５６４．３５ｋｇ／ｈｍ ２;出油率提高０．３％ ～２．３％ 。其中９号综合性状表现最好。在太和县和界首市示范基地大田种植增产在３０％ 左右。     

几种化学药剂对早熟桃果实品质的影响

以５年生毛桃砧布目早生桃为试材，采用叶面喷施方法，研究了植物生长调节剂和营养元素对提高早熟桃果实品质的效应。结果表明，丰果素１号、甜之宝、磷酸二氢钾、比久（Ｂ９）、植物生长剂、氯化钾促进果实着色的效果明显；除了比久有降低单果重的趋势外，其余各处理都能增加单果重７％～１７％，与对照呈显著性差异；丰果素１号、增糖灵、磷酸二氢钾提高可溶性固形物（１．３％～１．５％）的效果最佳；丰果素１号、增糖灵、甜之宝、磷酸二氢钾、达苜生、２１１－３２农用稀土复合剂增糖（１．３％～１．５％）效果明显，它们（除磷酸二氢钾外）的减酸（０．１１％～０．１２％）效果也显著。尤其是丰果素１号对提高果实着色、增加单果重、提高可溶性固形物和总糖，降低果实中总酸含量均有显著作用，可在生产上应用。     

种子包衣处理技术在花生上的效应分析

试验结果表明,花生种子包衣处理能有效地防治花生苗期病虫害,死苗率比对照（不包衣）降低７７．８％～１００％,缺穴率降低６９．９％～１００％;出苗比对照推迟１～２天,出苗率比对照提高２．５％～３３．７％。花生种子包衣处理还能明显地促进花生生长,提高花生产量,其百株鲜重和根重分别比对照增加７．２％～５４．４％和９．０％～４８．３％,产量增加７．２％～３２．９％。     

甘蓝型油菜细胞核生态雄性不育及利用研究

以湘油９１Ｓ为母本配制的１１个温敏核不育两系杂交油菜组合，有９个组合比对照中油８２１增产、增产组合数占８２％，增产幅度为１．２０％￣２１．３％。其中９１－８７Ｓ×９５１０８２、９１－１Ｓ×９４６０１－５和９１－１１５Ｓ×９３１０３０分别比对照增产２１．３％和９．６％，达极显著和显著水准。     

春秋适应型大白菜新品种豫白菜11号的选育

以采用游离小孢子培养技术获得的双单倍体自交不亲和系Ｑ２－１及（Ｗ３－１×Ｍ６５－１－１）－１为亲本材料,选育出早熟大白菜新品种豫白菜１１号。该品种生育期６０天,抗病、丰产、优质,菜型整齐,适于春、秋两季种植。净菜产量４１１３．４～５００１．３ｋｇ／亩,比对照新早８９－８增产８．４％～８１．７％。     

大豆硼钼微复肥增产效果的开发研究

黑龙江省农科院黑河农科所研制的大豆硼钼微复肥经５年在本省３５个市县示范推广，累积推广面积８５．２１万ｈｍ＾２，平均增产１３．７％以上，大豆重迎茬地块平均增产１０％左右，共增产大豆２．３亿ｋｇ，产投比为１６．６４：１，创社会效益３．２１亿元，应用大豆硼钼微复肥拌大豆种子，能起到增花，保荚，调节大豆营养生理功能，单株增加２．７个荚和３．９个粒，百粒重提高０．８ｇ。     

黑麦花粉诱导小麦孤雌生殖及其利用的研究

［８４Ｇ＿６×７９（ｌＢ）８－８］Ｆ＿１去雄第７ｄ，用ＡＲ＿７７黑麦花粉重复授粉２次，结实８粒，诱导结实率４．４％，孤雌生殖一代获得纯合二倍体５株，纯合二倍体频率为２．７８％；孤雌生殖二代１８－３－１和１８－３－４两个株系的主要农艺性状表现整齐一致，其中１８－３－４植株较矮，抗病性较好，是一个早熟、大穗、大粒高抗条锈病的新品系。１９９３～１９９４年品比试验表明，该品系较小偃６号增产２５．３％，较陕麦２２９增产１８．１％。本文还对黑麦花粉诱导孤雌生殖的机理、诱导结实率和选择效率以及孤雌生殖二代的一致性进行了讨论。     

吲熟酯对藤稔葡萄疏果和内源激素及果实品…

在６年生藤稔葡萄花后５ｄ,果穗喷布５０～４００ｍｇ／Ｌ的吲熟酯,疏果率达到１１．６％～４３．７％,且浓度越高,疏果率越高,但浓度达到１００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,出现药害。于劢花未期、花后５ｄ分别喷布５０ｍｇ／Ｌ的吲熟酯,疏果率达１１．８％～４０．０％,喷布时间越早,疏果率越高,其中谢花未期喷布的疏果率与人工疏果相似,同时单果重增加３．９１～６．３８ｇ,可深性固形物提高１．３％～１．９％,含酸量降低０．２９％     

葡萄盆栽技术

葡萄盆栽技术,包括择土选种、露地扦插、田间管理、装盆及整形、肥水管理等内容,对葡萄盆栽爱好者有一定的指导意义。     

Yield and quality of maize stover: Variation among cultivars and effects of N fertilization

Biomass yields and concentrations of crude protein(CP), ether extract(EE), neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF), and crude fiber(CF) were analyzed for five cultivars of summer-sown maize(Zea mays L.) stover grown in field trials at three rates of N fertilization, and sampled immediately after grain harvest.The results revealed differences in yields and concentrations of nutrients according to stalk height and hence harvest portion among the cultivars.N application greatly increased biomass yield and CP, especially in upper stalks and to a lesser extent, EE.Concentrations of NDF and ADF decreased as N rate increased.The results show that stovers from all local popular maize cultivars are suitable as animal fodder and that moderate N application improves feed quality of stover.     

民勤绿洲荒漠交错带三种沙丘类型的自然植被特征

基于对民勤沙井子地区植被调查数据,研究了固定沙丘、半固定沙丘和流动沙丘3种沙丘类型的自然植被特征.结果表明:从固定沙丘、半固定沙丘到流动沙丘,总盖度、灌木盖度下降,草本盖度增加.物种丰富度减小是物种多样性下降的主要原因.从植物的生活型来看,多年生草本和灌木类植物受沙丘类型的影响最大,而一年生草本和半灌木可存活于不同沙丘类型.白刺的生态优势度(重要值)由小到大依次为固定沙丘、半固定沙丘、流动沙丘.植物多样性与白刺的生态优势度呈负相关.不同沙丘类型白刺地上生物量变化明显,半固定沙丘白刺生物量最大.     

寄生虫引起的草鱼鳃病的组织病理比较研究

本文对草鱼的隐鞭虫病、车轮虫病、小瓜虫病、指环虫病、三代虫病及中华鱼蚤病六种寄生虫性鳃病的组织病理变化进行比较研究，寄生虫性鳃病均可引起鳃组织发生炎症反应，粘液分泌亢进，嗜酸粒细胞和淋巴细胞浸润；但又因病原体的种类不同，危害鱼的方式、方法不同，因此病理变化又有很大差别，对鱼危害较大的均为变质性炎，如隐鞭虫病；对鱼危害较小的则属增生性炎，如中华鱼蚤病．     

小菜蛾阿维菌素和虫酰肼抗性品系对几种新型药剂的交互抗性研究

以敏感品系为对照,利用室内筛选获得的虫酰肼和阿维菌素高抗品系Teb-R和Aba-R,测定了小菜蛾对几种新型杀虫剂的交互抗性。结果发现:小菜蛾对虫酰肼产生高水平抗性后(抗性倍数185.5倍),对阿维菌素表现出中等水平交互抗性(41.0倍),对茚虫威(11.4倍)和溴虫腈(5.3倍)仅表现出低水平交互抗性,对多杀菌素(1.7倍)和氯虫苯甲酰胺(1.4倍)则没有表现出明显的交互抗性。用阿维菌素筛选Teb-R品系39代后获得阿维菌素高抗品系Aba-R(593.8倍),该品系对茚虫威(12.3倍)表现出中等水平交互抗性,对多杀菌素(7.9倍)表现出低水平交互抗性,对溴虫腈(2.7倍)和氯虫苯甲酰胺(0.9倍)的交互抗性不明显;同时该品系对虫酰肼的抗性也由阿维菌素筛选前的185.5倍下降到筛选后的28.0倍,也没有交互抗性。基于上述研究结果认为,使用虫酰肼防治小菜蛾出现抗性后,可以使用多杀菌素和氯虫苯甲酰胺进行替代防治,但不宜用阿维菌素、茚虫威和溴虫腈进行替代防治;利用阿维菌素防治小菜蛾产生抗性后,可以用溴虫腈、氯虫苯甲酰胺和虫酰肼进行替代防治,但不宜用多杀菌素和茚虫威。     

Water quality,agriculture and food safety in China:Current situation,trends, interdependencies,and management

Water quality in China is becoming a severe challenge for agriculture and food safety,and it might also impact health of population via agriculture and food. Thus,it is causing widespread concern. Based on extensive literatures review and data mining,current situation of water pollution in China and its effects on food safety were analyzed. The 2nd National Water Resource Survey in China show that the surface water all over the country was under slight pollution and about 60% of groundwater is polluted. Drinking water quality is basically guaranteed in urban area but it is worrisome in rural areas. In addition,China is the largest consumer of fertilizer and pestici de in the world and the amounts of application still show increasing trends. Fertilizers and pesticides are the most important sources of pollution,which affect human health as persistent organic pollutants and environmental endocrine disruptors. Eutrophication of surface water and nitrate pollution of groundwater are serious threats to drinking water safety. Sewage irrigation is becoming a pollution source to China's water and land because of lacking of effective regulations. Although,with the advance in technology and management level,control of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions and reducing water pollution is still a major challenge for China.     

拟斯卑尔脱山羊草的FISH核型分析

【目的】建立拟斯卑尔脱山羊草的FISH核型,分析明确不同来源拟斯卑尔脱山羊草的FISH核型特点,比较不同拟斯卑尔脱山羊草及其与普通小麦的FISH核型差异。【方法】以荧光标记的寡核苷酸Oligo-pTa535和Oligo-pSc119.2为探针,利用荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术分析pTa535和pSc119.2在不同拟斯卑尔脱山羊草、四倍体小麦和普通小麦染色体上的杂交信号分布特点;以禾本科植物着丝粒专化寡核苷酸Oligo-CCS1为探针,明确拟斯卑尔脱山羊草的着丝粒位置,测量拟斯卑尔脱山羊草染色体相关参数;通过FISH核型比较明确不同拟斯卑尔脱山羊草及其与小麦核型的多态性差异。【结果】Oligo-pTa535主要分布在小麦的D和A组染色体上,在小麦的B组染色体上仅有零星分布,在5份拟斯卑尔脱山羊草的染色体中未显示Oligo-pTa535杂交信号。Oligo-pSc119.2杂交信号主要分布在小麦的B组染色体上,在小麦的A、D组染色体中分布较少,但在5份拟斯卑尔脱山羊草染色体上均有广泛分布。根据Oligo-pTa535和Oligo-pSc119.2杂交信号在小麦染色体上的分布特点,可以将小麦的不同染色体相互区分开来。Oligo-pSc119.2杂交信号在不同倍性、不同品种的小麦B组染色体上的分布特点基本相似,而不同来源拟斯卑尔脱山羊草的Oligo-pSc119.2的FISH核型差异较大,甚至在同一细胞内的2条同源染色体上Oligo-pSc119.2杂交信号的分布也具有明显差异。不同来源的拟斯卑尔脱山羊草与小麦B染色体组的FISH核型存在明显差异。PI542238的7对染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,核型公式为2n=14=14m。其余4份拟斯卑尔脱山羊草的4S染色体均为近中着丝粒染色体,其余染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体,核型公式皆为2n=14=12m+2sm。【结论】拟斯卑尔脱山羊草染色体上含有丰富的与pSc119.2高度同源的重复序列,不含有与pTa535高度同源的重复序列。不同来源的拟斯卑尔脱山羊草之间以及同一来源的拟斯卑尔脱山羊草的个体间甚至同一个体内的同源染色体间在pSc119.2的分布上均具有遗传多样性。以Oligo-pSc119.2为探针建立的拟斯卑尔脱山羊草染色体FISH核型与小麦B组染色体的核型具有显著差异。利用荧光标记的Oligo-pTa535和Oligo-pSc119.2为探针进行FISH分析,可以准确区分拟斯卑尔脱山羊草的不同染色体,并能将拟斯卑尔脱山羊草与小麦的染色体区分开来。     

芦荟多糖抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒作用试验

在安全浓度的基础上,将芦荟多糖稀释成不同浓度,作用于猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒,当病毒对照CPE达到70%～80%后,在酶联免疫检测仪上测定A490nm值,A490nm值越大,表明细胞生长越旺盛,抗感染效果越好。在先加芦荟多糖后接种病毒时,多糖对PRRSV感染有阻断作用,且作用显著;在加芦荟多糖之前先接种病毒,则芦荟多糖对PRRSV的抑制作用不明显;高浓度芦荟多糖对PRRSV具有直接杀灭作用。     

氮素用量对结球甘蓝生长及产量和品质的影响

研究了氮素用量对结球甘蓝生长及产量、品质的影响.结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,结球甘蓝生长势增加,产量增加,但氮素用量过多会导致产量下降.本试验条件下,施氮量为0.6 t/hm2时结球甘蓝产量较高,达85.9 t/hm2,而施氮量为1.05 t/hm2时结球甘蓝产量仅为70.3 t/hm2,前者比后者增产22%,但二者分别比CK增产174.9%、125%.此外,增施氮素可降低结球甘蓝干物质、纤维素、有机酸及可溶性糖含量,还显著提高了硝酸盐含量.     

Mycotoxin detection——Recent trends at global level

Mycotoxin contamination in agro-food systems has been a serious concern globally during the last few decades. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi when they grow in agro-food products and feedstuff. Several detection techniques have been developed in recent years to detect mycotoxins in the food and feed effectively. HPLC based techniques are very common in usage in the laboratories for the testing of mycotoxins. In recent years,immuno-based assays is widely used and have been reported at large due to its sensitivity and limited detection time. Immuno assay-based kits were developed effectively to be used in the fields and in storage systems to detect the mycotoxin levels. Microarray-based immunoassays developed in the recent years could simultaneously detect aflatoxin,ochratoxin,and zearalenone with the higher sensitivity. Aptamer-based assays could target the detection of ochratoxin and aflatoxins and fumonisins at high specificity in food products. In recent years,several assays reported for the simultaneous multiple detection of different mycotoxin was based on HPLC and LC-MS/MS. There is a need for the use of these advanced technologies in the commercial scale.