噻虫嗪、咯菌腈拌种对小麦的作用及安全性

通过药剂混配拌种测定小麦生长及其麦蚜的影响,结果表明:利用噻虫嗪、咯菌腈拌种对小麦安全,对小麦生长发育、后期产量无不良影响。对小麦蚜虫的防治效果以噻虫嗪112.0 g+咯菌腈6.0 g拌100 kg小麦种子效果好,苗期可达96.75%,而且可以促进小麦根系的发育,次生根的数量明显增加。     

华粳5号水稻使用2.5%咯菌腈和70%噻虫嗪拌种效果研究

华粳5号水稻使用噻虫嗪和咯菌腈拌种效果表明,应用噻虫嗪和咯菌腈拌种后,能使水稻出苗提早1 d,秧苗素质明显提高,大苗整齐度高,穗数增加9.75万穗/hm2,增产幅度较高,达7.16%,值得大面积推广。     

20％咯菌腈·精甲霜灵·噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂(FS)对水稻稻蓟马和恶苗病的防治效果

用20％咯菌腈·精甲霜灵·噻虫嗪FS进行水稻拌种,明确其对水稻稻蓟马和恶苗病的防治效果.结果表明,20％咯菌腈·精甲霜灵·噻虫嗪FS对水稻稻蓟马、恶苗病具有较好防效,2.50 g/kg(种子)处理对水稻稻蓟马、恶苗病防效均可达91％以上;20％咯菌腈·精甲霜灵·噻虫嗪FS防治水稻稻蓟马适宜用量为2.50～5.00 g/kg(种子).     

30%噻虫嗪·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵FS对谷子白发病和粟叶甲的防治效果

【目的】探明30%噻虫嗪·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵种子处理悬浮剂对谷子白发病和粟叶甲的防治效果及拌种适宜用量,为春谷病虫害防治提供参考依据。【方法】用30%噻虫嗪·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵种子处理悬浮剂FS 1.30g、2.65g和5.30g拌1kg谷子种子,以甲霜灵WS 2.00g和60%吡虫啉FS 4.00g拌种为药剂对照,以清水处理为空白对照,调查各处理粟叶甲卵和幼虫的数量,计算虫口密度和虫口减退率;调查谷子白发病的发病情况,计算病情指数和防治效果;比较各处理谷子的产量。【结果】30%噻虫嗪·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵FS拌种处理后粟叶甲防效在80%以上,谷子白发病防效在97%以上,产量在410.3～423.3kg/667m~2。【结论】30%噻虫嗪·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵FS对谷子白发病和粟叶甲有较好的防治效果,适宜剂量为1.30～2.65g拌1kg谷子种子。     

新型种衣剂对马铃薯黑痣病防治效果研究

通过田间小区试验,探索新型马铃薯种衣剂30％噻虫胺·咯菌腈·吡唑醚菌酯种子处理可分散粉剂对马铃薯黑痣病的田间防治效果及最佳拌种方式.试验结果表明,30％噻虫胺·咯菌腈·吡唑醚菌酯干拌对控制马铃薯黑痣病、促进马铃薯植株生长发育及增加产量效果好.     

不同拌种剂对水稻蓟马、稻飞虱、恶苗病的田间药效试验

为减轻水稻病虫害后期防治压力,江苏省扬州市邗江区植检站选择当前几种常用的水稻拌种剂,开展了田间药效试验,探索对水稻蓟马、稻飞虱、恶苗病的田间防治效果与持效期。结果表明,使用13%噻呋酰胺?咯菌腈?噻虫嗪FS、60%吡虫啉FS混用28%异噻菌胺?肟菌酯FS、25%噻虫嗪?咯菌腈?甲霜灵FS和22%噻虫嗪?咯菌腈FS四种处理进行水稻拌种,对水稻生长安全,对恶苗病防效达80%以上。试验期间恶苗病发生较轻,防效需进一步试验验证。     

新烟碱类杀虫剂拌种防治麦蚜效果及安全性研究

为了明确新烟碱类杀虫剂吡虫啉和噻虫嗪拌种对麦蚜整个发生期的防治效果和对小麦的安全性,研究了吡虫啉和噻虫嗪拌种对小麦苗期和穗期蚜虫的防治效果以及对小麦出苗、分蘖、千粒重和产量的影响。2a试验结果表明,吡虫啉1.4～2.0g/kg拌种、噻虫嗪1.0～4.0g/kg拌种对小麦整个生育期蚜虫均具有较好的防治效果,在小麦出穗前、扬花期和灌浆期对麦蚜的防治效果分别为96.02%～100%、93.12%～100%和84.19%～98.31%;吡虫啉1.4g/kg拌种、噻虫嗪1.0～2.0g/kg拌种对小麦出苗时间、出苗率无显著影响,噻虫嗪4.0g/kg拌种小麦出苗时间推迟0.5～1d,对出苗率无影响;吡虫啉1.4g/kg拌种、噻虫嗪2.0g/kg拌种,小麦有效分蘖增加最多,分别为55.38%和34.58%;小麦千粒重增加以吡虫啉1.4g/kg拌种最高,显著高于噻虫嗪1.0～4.0g/kg拌种,且吡虫啉1.4g/kg拌种小麦产量增加显著高于噻虫嗪4.0g/kg拌种,稍高于噻虫嗪1.0～2.0g/kg拌种。可见,在小麦播种时,用吡虫啉1.4～2.0g/kg、噻虫嗪1.0～2.0g/kg拌种可有效控制小麦整个生育期蚜虫危害,且对小麦安全,增产效果明显。     

不同药剂拌种对小麦病害及产量的影响评价

为了筛选出对小麦病害防治效果理想的药剂,以烟农 1212 为试验材料,采用 6 种不同药剂,设 7 个试验处理,通过 DTOPSIS 法将 7 个处理和对照小麦的纹枯病发病率、茎基腐病病株率、白穗率、每平方米穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量等性状指标归纳为一个具有可比性的量化综合指标,对不同处理进行综合评价。 结果表明,C_i值最大的为处理 2,为 0.650 7;其次为处理 6,为 0.617 2。 因此,在鲁东半岛地区建议每 100 g 麦种使用酷拉斯(27%苯醚·咯菌腈·噻虫嗪)500 mL 进行拌种。     

不同药剂种子处理防控小麦纹枯病田间药效试验

针对小麦纹枯病,设置2.5%咯菌腈、6%戊唑醇、45%烯肟·苯·噻虫、4.8%苯醚·咯菌腈、30%噻虫嗪、31.9%戊唑·吡虫啉、60%吡虫啉7个拌种处理,研究几种药剂对小麦纹枯病的防控效果以及对产量结构的影响。结果表明:各拌种处理对纹枯病的防治都有一定效果,4.8%苯醚·咯菌腈拔节期病指防效为90%,2.5%咯菌腈、6%戊唑醇拔节期病指防效分别为85%、90%以上;拌种剂的使用提高了小麦产量。因此,4.8%苯醚·咯菌腈、2.5%咯菌腈、6%戊唑醇是极具推广前景的防治纹枯病的拌种剂。     

新农药防治黄芪根病效果研究

为明确新农药对黄芪根病的防效,开展了新农药防治黄芪根病效果研究试验。结果表明,喷施32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂1.5 L/hm~2+35%噻虫嗪1.5 L/hm~2+62.5%精甲·咯菌腈悬浮剂1.5 L/hm~2、25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂1.5 L/hm~2+35%噻虫嗪1.5 L/hm~2+62.5%精甲·咯菌腈悬浮剂900 m L/hm~2、25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂1.5 L/hm~2+35%噻虫嗪1.5 L/hm~2+29%噻虫咯霜灵悬浮剂900 m L/hm~2处理的黄芪统货,在实际产量、健根重、健根率、收益方面均高于喷施5%丁硫克百威颗粒剂60 kg/hm~2处理,其中以喷施32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂1.5 L/hm~2+35%噻虫嗪1.5 L/hm~2+62.5%精甲·咯菌腈悬浮剂1.5 L/hm~2处理增收率最高。由此可见,喷施32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂1.5 L/hm~2+35%噻虫嗪1.5 L/hm~2+62.5%精甲·咯菌腈悬浮剂1.5 L/hm~2,防治黄芪根病效果最佳,宜在黄芪大田生产中示范推广并大面积应用。     

朝特Ⅵ多效复合种衣剂在玉米上的应用效果

[目的]探讨朝特Ⅵ多效复合种衣剂在玉米生产中的应用效果,为玉米抗旱保苗增产提供有效措施。[方法]采用朝特Ⅵ多效复合种衣剂对玉米种子进行包衣与不包衣处理,对包衣玉米与未包衣玉米生育期土壤水分、生长状况及产量进行对比观测。[结果]玉米种子包衣吸水抗旱,提早出苗率27%,提高出苗率19%,3叶期株高平均增加1.4 cm,茎粗平均增加0.1 cm,根长增加1.6 cm,根系多2.5条,根重多2.4 g;拔节期平均株高增加2.7 cm,茎粗增加0.1 cm,平均每株叶面积增加126.4 cm2;虫害减少12个百分点,平均增产14.9%。[结论]朝特Ⅵ多效复合种衣剂具有蓄水保墒、提高种子活力、防止芽干、增加出苗率的效果,适合在辽西干旱地区推广。     

生姜浸提液对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

[目的]为建立合理的生姜(Zingiber officinale Rosc.)间套轮作制度提供理论依据。[方法]采用培养皿滤纸法,研究了不同浓度生姜根茎浸提液对玉米(Zea mays L.)种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。[结果]浓度在2.5~20.0 g/L时,生姜根茎浸提液对玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长均具有促进作用,在低浓度时促进作用较为明显,随着浓度的升高促进作用减弱。苗粗、根长和根鲜重在生姜根茎浸提液浓度为2.5 g/L时达到最大值,苗鲜重和根粗在浓度5.0 g/L时达到最大值,萌发率和苗高在浓度10.0 g/L时达到最大值。[结论]玉米-生姜间作是一种行之有效的栽培模式,值得进一步推广。     

S-诱抗素浸种催芽对辣椒幼苗生长的影响

[目的]为提高宁夏辣椒（Capsicum frutescens L．）育苗的抗逆性和成活率提供理论依据。[方法]用S-诱抗素（福生壮芽灵）对辣椒种子进行浸种催芽试验,研究S-诱抗素（福生壮芽灵）对辣椒幼苗株高、地上部与地下部干鲜重、主根长和根系活力等指标的影响。[结果]经S-诱抗素浸种处理的辣椒幼苗的株高、主根长、地上部干鲜重、地下部干鲜重与根系活力都优于蒸馏水浸种的对照,其中,植株高度较对照提高19．8％,主根长增加17．5％,地上部鲜重增加16．6％,地上部干重增加33．3％,地下部鲜重增加30．7％,根系活力提高31．4％。但对种子发芽率与幼苗叶绿素含量影响不显著。[结论]S-诱抗素的施用明显促进辣椒幼苗的生长,增强辣椒幼苗的根系活力,从而明显提高辣椒幼苗移栽后的成活率。     

Autotoxicity of Water Extracts and Decomposition Liquids of Tumorous Stem Mustard(Brassica juncea var.tumida Tsen et Lee) Residues on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tumorous Stem Mustard

[Objective] This study aimed to explore whether there is autotoxicity in tumorous stem mustard through studying the allelopathic effects of water extracts and decomposition liquids of tumorous stem mustard residues on seed germination and seedling growth of tumorous stem mustard.[Method] With Fuza No.2 as the experimental material,the effects of different concentrations of leaf extract,root extract,7-d decomposition liquid,15-d decomposition liquid of tumorous stem mustard on seed germination and seedling growth of tumorous stem mustard were investigated.[Result] Compared with those in the control,the four kinds of 100% treatment solutions all significantly reduced the seed germination rate,seed germination vigor,root length,plant height and fresh weight of tumorous stem mustard(P<0.05),and significantly increased the malondialdehyde(MDA) content,catalase(CAT) activity,peroxidase(POD) activity and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity of young seedlings of tumorous stem mustard;the allelopathic effects of the four kinds of water extracts and decomposition liquids on seed germination and root length of tumorous stem mustard were weakened with the decreased concentration;for the four kinds of water extracts and decomposition liquids,low-concentration treatment solutions promoted the increase of plant height and fresh weight,while high-concentration treatment solutions inhibited the increase of plant height and fresh weight of young seedlings of tumorous stem mustard;the allelopathic effect of leaf extract on seed germination of tumorous stem mustard was stronger than those of root extract and decomposition liquids,the allelopathic effects of decomposition liquids on seedling growth of tumorous stem mustard were stronger than those of water extracts,the inhibitory effect of leaf extract on seed germination and seedling growth of tumorous stem mustard were stronger than that of root extract,and the inhibitory effect of 15-d decomposition liquid on seed germination and seedling growth of tumorous stem mustard was stronger than that of 7-d decomposition liquid.[Conclusion] The water extracts and decomposition liquids of tumorous stem mustard residues had certain autotoxicity on seed germination and seedling growth of tumorous stem mustard,and their allelopathic effects had a concentration-dependent manner.It could be presumed that the autotoxicity of tumorous stem mustard is the main cause of continuous cropping obstacle.     

过量Mg~(2+)对农作物种子萌发特性的影响(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to reveal the effects of excessive Mg2+ on the germination characteristics of maize and soybean. [Method] Eleven concentration gradients of Mg2+ including 0,40,80,120,160,200,240,280,320,360 and 400 mmol/L were set up to study the effects of different treatments on such indices as the germination potential,germination rate,fresh weight,dry weight,root length,plant height and stem diameter of maize and soybean. [Result] With the increasing of Mg2+ concentration,the germination of maize delayed and the germination rate of soybean obviously decreased,reaching the significant difference at 0.05 level. When Mg2+ concentration increased,the fresh weight and dry weight of maize and soybean decreased,but maize and soybean showed some adaptability. The growth of radicles and seedlings in maize and soybean were obviously inhibited by Mg2+,and atrophy and dysplasia phenomena appeared. [Conclusion] Excessive Mg2+ stress has different effects on the germination potential and germination rate of different crops and has obvious poisoning effects on the root and stem growth of crops.     

含有不同生长调节剂3％戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂对玉米种子萌发和生长效应的影响

[目的]探讨含有胺鲜酯或复硝酚钠的3%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂对玉米出苗率和生长效应的影响。[方法]采用室内盆栽法,研究了3种用量(2、4、8 g/kg种子)的3%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂、3%戊唑醇.0.5%胺鲜酯悬浮种衣剂、3%戊唑醇.0.5%复硝酚钠悬浮种衣剂对玉米种子萌发率和生长效应的影响。[结果]含有0.5%胺鲜酯或0.5%复硝酚钠的3%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂在2～8 g/kg种子浓度范围内对玉米出苗率无影响,而不含有任何生长调节剂的3%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂对玉米出苗率有抑制作用;播后15 d,含有0.5%复硝酚钠的3%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂对玉米幼苗根长和侧根数的刺激生长作用突出;播后21 d,含有0.5%胺鲜酯的3%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂对玉米幼苗根长和侧根数的刺激生长作用突出。[结论]不同的生长调节剂对玉米幼苗刺激生长作用的时间存在差异。     

过量Mg2+对农作物种子萌发特性的影响

以MgCl2溶液考察Mg^2＋对玉米、大豆种子的萌发及生长的影响,为进一步研究镁粉尘的污染机理、生物响应和污染等级划分提供依据。     

Effects of Excessive Mg2+ on the Germination Characteristics of Crop Seeds

[Objective] The research aimed to reveal the effects of exceasive Mg2+ on the germination characteristics of maise and soybean. [Method] E-leven concentration gradients of Mg2+ inchiding 0, 40, 80, 120, 160,200,240,280,320,360 and 400 mmoL/L were set up to study the effects of differ-ent treatments on such indices as the germination potential, germination rate, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, plant height and stem diameter of maize and soybean. [Result] With the increasing of Mg2+ concentration, the germination (d" maize delayed and the germination rate of soybean obviously decreased, reaching the significant difference at 0.05 level. When Mg2. concentration increased, the fresh weight and dry weight of maize and soybean de-creased, but maize and soybean showed some adaptability. The growth of radicles and seedlings in maize and soyhean were obviously inhibited by Mg2+, and atrophy and dysplasia phenomena appeared. [Conclusion] Excessive Mg~" stress has different effects on the germination potential and germination rate of different crops and has obvious poisoning effects on the root and stem growth of crops.     

磁化水处理大豆·玉米和水稻种子的生物学效应

[目的]探讨低磁化水对种子萌发的影响。[方法]玉米、大豆、水稻种子在磁化0、0.5、1.0、2.0h的水浸泡24h后,测定了不同处理的发芽率、生长率及淀粉酶活性。[结果]磁化水处理种子后,种子的萌发率明显提高,其中磁化时间为0.5h的磁化水处理种子萌发率最高。磁化水处理后大豆发芽率增幅最大,水稻的发芽率增幅最小。磁处理2.0h的水能促大豆明显生长,磁处理1.0h对玉米生长效果较好,水稻则不明显。经磁化水处理后,玉米和大豆种子内淀粉酶活性与对照相比有所提高,0.5h处理效果最好,水稻种子内淀粉酶活性则有所降低。[结论]低强度磁化水对大豆、玉米、水稻有促进萌发和早期生长的作用。     

海藻提取液对黄瓜·番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

[目的]研究海藻发酵液和海藻碱提液对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。[方法]通过不同浓度的海藻发酵液和海藻碱提液对黄瓜和番茄种子的浸种试验,研究2种海藻提取液对黄瓜和番茄种子萌发的影响;通过不同浓度的海藻发酵液和海藻碱提液对黄瓜和番茄幼苗的水培试验,研究2种海藻提取液对黄瓜和番茄幼苗生长的影响。[结果]浸种试验结果显示:与对照组相比,海藻发酵液100倍处理组能显著提高番茄种子的发芽率和发芽势,海藻发酵液200倍处理组能显著提高黄瓜种子的发芽率和发芽势;海藻碱提液200倍和400倍处理组能显著提高黄瓜种子的发芽率和发芽势,海藻碱提液400倍处理组能显著提高番茄种子的发芽率和发芽势。水培试验结果显示:与对照组相比,海藻发酵液100倍和200倍处理组能显著增加黄瓜和番茄幼苗的根长、苗长、鲜质量、干质量、茎粗;海藻碱提液400倍处理组能显著增加黄瓜和番茄幼苗的根长、苗长、鲜质量、干质量、茎粗、根冠比。[结论]海藻发酵液和海藻碱提液均能促进黄瓜、番茄种子萌发和幼苗生长。