土壤酸化对晚稻产量的影响及品种耐酸性比较

以23个晚稻品种为材料,在湖南省长沙县进行大田试验,研究土壤酸化对晚稻产量的影响,并比较了品种耐酸性差异。结果表明：①各品种在普通大田产量为5226.6～9202.1 kg/hm2,在酸化大田产量为3643.2～7714.8 kg/hm2,品种间差异显著;②与普通大田比较,酸化大田条件下岳优6135、华优18、金优284和Ⅱ优46产量提高,增幅为3.24%～26.33%,其他品种产量均下降,降幅为2.04%～56.79%;③根据产量变化的显著性,供试品种可分为3种类型,五丰优 T025、荆楚优148、岳优6135、深优9586、湘丰优103、中优288、农香18、汕优432、Ⅱ优6号和中9A/R10402属酸性敏感型,五优308、准两优608、丰源优227、丰优1167、丰源优299、T优272、中9A/R9963属酸性中间型;岳优9113、金优284、深优9588、华优18、Ⅱ优46和Ⅱ优3027属酸性迟钝型。     

土壤酸化对晚稻产量的影响及品种耐酸性比较（英文）

以23个晚稻品种为材料,在湖南省长沙县进行大田试验,研究土壤酸化对晚稻产量的影响,并比较了品种耐酸性差异。结果表明:1各品种在普通大田产量为5226.6~9202.1kg/hm2,在酸化大田产量为3643.2~7714.8 kg/hm2,品种间差异显著;2与普通大田比较,酸化大田条件下岳优6135、华优18、金优284和Ⅱ优46产量提高,增幅为3.24%~26.33%,其他品种产量均下降,降幅为2.04%~56.79%;3根据产量变化的显著性,供试品种可分为3种类型,五丰优T025、荆楚优148、岳优6135、深优9586、湘丰优103、中优288、农香18、汕优432、Ⅱ优6号和中9A/R10402属酸性敏感型,五优308、准两优608、丰源优227、丰优1167、丰源优299、T优272、中9A/R9963属酸性中间型;岳优9113、金优284、深优9588、华优18、Ⅱ优46和Ⅱ优3027属酸性迟钝型。     

宁乡烟区烟后晚稻适宜品种筛选研究

为筛选适宜晚稻品种,提高宁乡烟区烟稻复种模式的整体效益,以10个晚稻品种为材料,在宁乡县喻家坳乡开展了烟后晚稻品种比较试验。结果表明:供试品种产量在5 022~7 630 kg/hm2之间,其中准两优608产量最高(7 629.9 kg/hm2),丰源优299产量居第二(7 355.7kg/hm2);10个品种中,农香18、丰优1167、湘晚籼13号全生育期过长,未能正常成熟,不宜在当地作为烟后晚稻种植;准两优608和丰源优299全生育期分别为129和125 d,其他品种全生育期在121 d以下。相关分析表明,与烟后晚稻产量关系最密切的产量构成因素是每穗实粒数和结实率。在该试验条件下,综合考虑生育期和产量,准两优608和丰源优299最适合作宁乡烟区烟后晚稻栽培。     

超级杂交晚稻丰源优299经济施氮量和生态施氮量研究

以超级杂交晚稻丰源优299为材料,研究不同施氮量处理对超级杂交晚稻丰源优299分蘖动态、分蘖速率、叶面积指数、产量、谷草比、氮肥利用率和经济效益的影响,从而得出经济施氮量和生态施氮量。结果表明超级杂交晚稻丰源优299在施纯氮180.00 kg/hm2时,在移栽后8d分蘖速率46.80万/hm2.d、产量7.30 t/hm2、谷草比1.34、纯收入4804.50元/hm2,以上指标均最高,均显著高于其他处理;在施纯氮量为135.00 kg/hm2时,成穗率和孕穗期叶面积指数分别为59.93%和6.78,均显著高于其他处理,成熟期叶面积指数2.43、产量6.89 t/hm2、纯收入4637.70元/hm2、氮肥偏生产力52.54 kg/kg N、氮肥农学利用率22.94 kg/kgN,表现均较高,因此,超级杂交晚稻丰源优299最佳施氮量是农民习惯施氮量纯氮180.00 kg/hm2,也是最经济施氮量,而最生态施氮量为农民习惯施氮量减少25%,为135.00 kg/hm2纯氮。     

施氮量对烟后晚稻产量及光合特性的影响

为探明湖南浏阳烟区烟后晚稻适宜施氮量,以水稻品种深优9586为材料,在湖南浏阳烟区开展了施氮量对烟后晚稻产量与光合特性的影响研究.结果表明:水稻全生育期随施氮量增大而延长,施氮60～90 kg/hm2可使水稻生育期延长5～9 d;施氮30～90 kg/hm2均能使烟后晚稻显著增产,其中以施氮60 kg/hm2条件下增产效果最明显;适当施氮可提高水稻叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率,为高产奠定基础.烟后晚稻栽培的适宜施氮量为60 kg/hm2,此时生育期适当,产量最高.     

氮肥运筹对Y两优1号产量和生物量影响的探讨

探讨不同施氮量和不同施氮时期运筹对超级杂交稻籽粒产量及产量构成的影响.以超级杂交稻Y两优1号为试验材料,设计不同施氮量和不同施氮时期运筹2个田间试验进行研究.结果表明,产量(y1)、稳长(y2)、穗总粒数(y3)均与施氮量(x)呈极显著的二次抛物线相关;每公顷穗数与施氮量显著线性相关.超级稻在各生育时期的生物量随施氮量增加而增加;随着水稻生育期的进程施氮量对生物量的促进作用更加明显;相同基-穗施氮比例(80-20)不同施氮量处理各个时期生物量变化趋势相似,后期生物量增加多的处理其产量普遍较高.该地区Y两优1号产量最高的施氮量为252 kg/hm2;在施氮量为180 kg/hm2条件下,基-穗施氮比例60-40和基-蘖-穗-粒施氮比例10-50-25-15的产量达到最高,分别为11649kg/hm2和11624kg/hm2.     

施氮量对杂交粳稻常优1号产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响

以三系杂交粳稻常优1号为材料,研究不同施氮量对产量形成及氮肥吸收利用的影响。结果表明:(1)施氮量与产量呈极显著一元二次抛物线相关,最适施氮量为265.76 kg/hm2;(2)施氮量对产量构成因素均存在不同程度的影响,其中对成穗率、高峰苗、有效穗数、千粒重影响较大;(3)256.95 kg/hm2施氮处理产量最高,与其群体齐穗期干物质生产量、LAI、粒叶比适宜,齐穗至成熟期干物质净生产量较大有关。(4)成熟期吸氮量随着施氮量的提高而增加,而增加幅度逐渐下降,256.95 kg/hm2施氮量处理齐穗至成熟期净吸氮量、氮肥利用率最大,增加或减少施氮量均呈下降趋势。     

密肥条件对杂交中籼稻产量及其构成因素的影响

以优质杂交中籼两优6326为材料,研究不同施氮量和密度对其产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:施氮量、密度对两优6326的产量有显著影响;225.0 kg/hm2施氮水平的产量最高,262.5 kg/hm2施氮水平的产量次之,以上两处理差异不显著,但比其他施氮处理极显著增产;密度以22.2万穴/hm2的产量最高,其次为33.3万穴/hm2,最低为16.7万穴/hm2。施氮量和密度对产量构成因素有不同的影响,其中对单位面积穗数影响最大,每穗总粒数次之,结实率相对较小,千粒重最为稳定。试验表明,两优6326适宜的施氮量为225.0kg/hm2,密度为22.2万穴/hm2。     

不同氮钾水平对杂交稻Ⅱ优航1号生长和产量的影响

2005年在沙县夏茂镇Ⅱ优航1号示范片,设置不同氮钾肥施用量试验,结果表明:随着施氮量的提高,分蘖数和穗数增加,每穗粒数和干物质积累量以适中施氮量为最高,产量与施氮量呈抛物线型相关,最高产量的施氮量为180 kg/hm2,每生产100 kg稻谷的施氮量为1.93 kg;随着施钾量的提高,穗数、每穗粒数和干物质积累量随之提高,产量与施钾量呈抛物线型相关,最高产量施钾量为156 kg/hm2,每生产100 kg稻谷的施钾量为1.65 kg。     

施氮量对超级杂交早稻陆两优996产量和抗瘟性的影响（英文）

以超级杂交早稻陆两优996为材料,研究不同施氮量对其稻瘟病抗性和产量的影响。结果表明:随着施N量的增加,病穗率和病情指数并无明显的变化规律,但5级瘟穗率逐渐升高,当施N量过大时(270 kg/hm2)病穗率和病情指数都最高;施N量在0~180 kg/hm2范围内产量随着施氮量的增加而增加,施N量超过180 kg/hm2后产量随着施氮量的增加反而下降;综合考虑稻穗病发病情况、产量和经济效益,陆两优996以施N量90~135 kg/hm2为好。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。