四川部分玉米强优势组合及其亲本自交系的RAPD分析

以四川大面积推广的 8个杂交种及其亲本自交系为材料 ,利用RAPD分子标记技术进行遗传差异分析 ,结果表明 :①利用RAPD分子标记技术可以从分子水平上检测出玉米自交系的遗传多样性 ;②根据聚类分析 ,可将 15个自交系分为热带改良群体、改良Reid群、M 0 17亚群和自 330亚群 4类 ,分类结果与真实系谱基本一致 ;③可将 8个杂交种分为 4个杂优模式 ,即改良Reid群× 330亚群、自 330亚群×M 0 17亚群、改良Reid群×Mo17亚群和苏湾群体×改良Reid群。     

黑龙江省玉米品种的种质基础和杂优利用模式分析

通过对黑龙江省1980～1999年20年间玉米品种的发展历程,年种植面积前5位玉米杂交种的常用自交系遗传基础和种植面积在1.0万hm2以上玉米杂交种的遗传组成分析结果表明,黑龙江省玉米种质基础有从外杂选育亚群、综合种选亚群向4大系统发展的明显趋势.黑龙江省玉米杂种优势利用模式,80年代以综合种选亚群×外杂选亚群和综合种选亚群×Mo17亚群为主,90年代以改良Reid群×Mo17亚群和唐四平头群×Mo17亚群模式为主.反映出黑龙江省玉米杂优模式单一,种质遗传基础狭窄.     

黑龙江省玉米品种的种质基础和杂优利用模式分析

通过对黑龙江省1980～1999年20年间玉米品种的发展历程,年种植面积前5位玉米杂交种的常用自交系遗传基础和种植面积在1.0万ha以上玉米杂交种的遗传组成分析结果表明,黑龙江省玉米种质基础有从外杂选亚群、综合种选亚群向4大系统发展的明显趋势.黑龙江省玉米杂种优势利用模式,80年代以综合种选亚群×外杂选亚群和综合种选亚群×Mo17亚群为主,90年代以改良Reid群×Mo17亚群和唐四平头群×Mo17亚群模式为主.反映出黑龙江省玉米杂优模式单-,种质遗传基础狭窄.     

自330亚群种质在我国玉米育种和生产中的应用

分析了2 0世纪70年代至今,自330亚群种质在我国玉米育种和生产中的研究与应用,结果表明,优良玉米自交系自330、oh4 3、4 46、2 0 0B、3H - 2、黄C等,玉米杂交种中单2号、京杂6号、77×自330 (七三单交等)、丹玉6号、铁单4号、四单16、桂顶1号、农大10 8等,在我国玉米育种研究和生产中发挥了重要的作用。其间利用的主要杂优模式为自330亚群与Lan群Mo17亚群、旅大红骨群、改良Reid群和其他综合种选亚群等。     

辽宁省玉米杂交种种质基础及杂优模式构建

通过对1974～1998年辽宁省审(认)定玉米杂交种的种质基础分析表明:辽宁省玉米杂交种亲本来源主要有改良Reid群、旅大红骨群、Lancaster群、综合种亚群。杂种优势利用模式主要为:改良Reid群×旅大红骨群、改良Reid群×lancaster群、lancaster群×旅大红骨群。基于这一分析,提出适应本省的更高一级的杂交模式配对构建的设想。     

论Mo17及其衍生系种质在我国玉米育种中的应用

对Mo17及其衍生系在中国玉米育种和生产上的应用进行了分析。结果表明,Mo17及其衍生系组配的杂交种对中国玉米育种的研究和生产发展产生了重大影响。其间利用的主要模式为Mo17亚群与塘四平头群、改良Reid群、旅大红骨子群和自330亚群等,如何继续利用好原有种质,在原有模式基础上创造出新的模式,是玉米育种努力的方向。     

十年来我国玉米杂种优势群及其模式变化趋势的分析

以中国大面积推广的71个优良玉米杂交种的84份自交系为材料,在利用SSR分子标记计算的遗传距离将其划分为7个杂种优势群的基础上,根据杂交种的年种植面积,分析了1992年至2001年我国杂种优势群及其模式的变化趋势。结果表明,十年来,我国玉米杂种优势群的主次地位发生了一定的变化。在20世纪90年代初期,主要的杂种优势群是Lancaster、Reid、唐四平头、自330和E28。到21世纪初,主要的杂种优势群则为Reid、温热I、自330、唐四平头和Lancaster,其中温热I是一个含热带玉米种质的新类群。十年来,我国玉米杂种优势模式也发生了明显的变化,这些变化主要反应在两个方面,其一是出现了含温热I群的新模式,Reid×温热I、自330×温热I、唐四平头×温热I等,由此大大拓宽了我国玉米杂种优势的利用模式。其二是模式的主次位置有明显的改变。从20世纪90年代初期至中期,前五名的杂种优势模式是Reid×唐四平头、自330×Lancaster、Lancaster×唐四平头、Lancaster×E28和Reid×自330。到2001年,前五位的主要杂种优势模式是,Reid×温热I、Reid×自330、Reid×唐四平头、自330×温热I和Lancaster×唐四平头。2001年,Reid×温热I和自330×温热I已分别成为全国第一和第四大主要的杂种优势模式。     

河北省玉米种质基础、杂优群划分和杂交优势利用模式研究

对河北省玉米主要生产用种的种质分析表明:改良Reid系统从1980—1998年所占比例基本上是上升趋势,1999年开始大幅度下降。兰卡斯特系统在1980-1998年为下降趋势,1999年开始上升。唐四平头系统所占比例呈波浪式变化,在20世纪90年代初达到峰值,之后开始下降。旅大红骨所占比例一直最低。河北省玉米种质分为5大杂种优势群、8个亚群,即改良Reid群、兰卡斯特群(包括M017和自330两个亚群)、唐四平头群、旅大红骨群和其它种质杂优群(包括外杂选亚群、综合种选亚群和Suwan亚群)。总结出12种主体杂优利用模式和18种子模式。     

河南省玉米种质基础、杂优群划分和杂交优势利用模式研究

对 1 994～ 2 0 0 0年生产上主要种植的玉米杂交种的统计分析表明 ,河南省种植的玉米杂交种种质基础是以改良Reid群、Lancaster群、四平头群和旅大红骨群四大系统为主。其中改良Reid群利用水平逐年上升 ,Lancaster群明显下降。将河南省的玉米种质划分为五大杂优群8个亚群 :即改良Reid群、Lancaster群 (Mo1 7亚群 )、四平头群、旅大红骨群和其它群 (外杂选亚群、综合种选亚群、Suwan亚群和其它低纬度种质亚群 )。总结出 7种主体杂优利用模式 ,1 3种子模式。     

山西省玉米种质基础分析与种质创新

通过对山西省50年玉米生产状况、主要品种种质基础及杂种优势利用模式分析,认为山西省主要玉米种质兼容于我国4大种质类群Reid、Lancaster、四平头和旅大红骨;主要杂种优势利用模式为Lancaster×四平头、Lancaster×旅大红骨、Reid×旅大红骨和Reid×四平头.玉米单产逐年提高主要得益于种质资源的不断扩增、改良和创新利用.山西省玉米种质遗传基础仍十分狭窄,优良种质积累相当薄弱.因此需要加大山西省玉米种质资源的扩增、改良和创新利用研究力度.     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。