中国野生葡萄及其F_1代抗白粉病的遗传表现

 通过田间自然鉴定的方法，研究了中国野生葡萄９个种３５个株系及其与欧洲葡萄品种种间杂交４个组合的杂种１７１株和自交后代１６株的抗白粉病遗传表现。结果表明，中国野生葡萄及其Ｆ１代在田间自然条件下抗白粉病的表现形式是丰富多样的。中国野生葡萄对白粉病的抗性属于多基因控制的显性独立遗传，在感病的中国野生葡萄中也存在着微效抗病基因。     

通过属间杂交向小麦转移冰草优异基因的研究

 冰草[Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.，P genome]具有许多可用于小麦改良的优异基因。为了检测这些优异基因在小麦背景下的表达，对具单一遗传背景的普通小麦Fukuho×冰草Z559的杂种后代（BC#-2F#-3、BC#-3F#-2、BC#-4F#-1和BC#-5）进行了农艺性状、抗病性、蛋白质含量和抗逆性分析。结果发现，一些遗传稳定（异源易位系）的杂种后代表现出良好的株型结构、大穗多粒、兼抗白粉病和黄矮病、蛋白质含量高（17.01%～20.72%）、抗旱和抗寒等特点，说明不仅已将冰草Z559的优异基因导入小麦，而且这些外源优异基因能够在小麦背景下充分表达。此外，通过遗传分析，证明了来自冰草Z559的黑色籽粒基因和抗白粉病和黄矮病基因均为显性基因。     

无核葡萄胚挽救苗的抗病性鉴定

【目的】对无核葡萄胚挽救苗进行抗白粉病、黑痘病和霜霉病鉴定,筛选抗病无核葡萄杂种单株。【方法】2008-2009年,采用田间自然鉴定方法,对欧洲葡萄无核品种×中国野生葡萄、无核品种×有核品种、无核品种×无核品种、无核品种自交共10个组合获得的219株胚挽救苗进行抗病性鉴定。【结果】在219株无核葡萄胚挽救苗中,筛选出抗白粉病且抗黑痘病和霜霉病的杂种4株[05-1-2(爱莫无核×北醇),03-2-14、03-2-19、03-2-24(火焰无核×黑龙江实生)],抗白粉病且抗黑痘病的杂种2株,抗白粉病且抗霜霉病的杂种9株,抗黑痘病且抗霜霉病的杂种73株,仅抗白粉病的杂种3株,仅抗黑痘病的杂种32株,仅抗霜霉病的杂种29株。【结论】获得的抗病无核葡萄杂种单株可为进一步选育新品系奠定基础。     

大豆抗灰斑病的遗传分析及其在抗病育种中的应用

 以对大豆灰斑病（Cercospora sojina Hara）抗感不同的5个亲本配制的5个杂交组合，对其P#-1，P#-2，F#-1，F#-2，F#-3，B#-1，B#-2各群体用8个灰斑病生理小种的孢子——菌丝悬浮液混合接种，进行了田间抗性表现的遗传分析。根据其分离和均值表现指出其数量遗传特征，并分析比较了病斑型、病斑数、病斑面积百分率和病斑型级数的世代相关和遗传力，指出其在抗病育种中的应用。     

山葡萄种间杂交选育酿造葡萄品种的途径及其效果

 1973～1996年用我国东北山葡萄抗寒种质资源与不抗寒的栽培品种进行种间杂交和重复杂交，其中1973～1992年定植58个组合杂种苗，成活5324株。4种杂交模式抗寒力大小排列顺序是：（山葡萄×欧亚种）F#-1×山葡萄≥（山-欧）F#-1×（山-欧）F#-1≥（山葡萄×欧亚种）F#-1≥（山-欧）F#-1×欧亚种。果穗、果粒重量、果实含糖量4种杂交模式后代倾向山葡萄，即穗小、粒小、低糖遗传，但也分离出超高亲单株。已选育出在当地气候条件下，简易防寒可酿造干白（加糖发酵）品系79-33-3和85-14-45，可露地越冬酿造干红葡萄酒品系87-8-96和新品种左红一；干白新品系79-32-32。     

苹果抗轮纹病遗传的初步研究

以筛选出的2个抗病、感病苹果品种及抗病×抗病、抗病×感病、感病×感病3类杂交组合的F1为材料,通过3年人工接种鉴定的方法,研究了F1单株间的抗轮纹病情况。结果表明,不同的杂交组合、同父本组合、同母本组合间抗病性差异显著,正反交组合之间差异不显著。试验初步筛选了抗病杂种株系150多份,对轮纹病抗性较强组合1个。     

小麦品种抗赤霉病遗传性研究

用不同抗性品种进行品种间杂交，杂交后代的单株在田间人工接种鉴定，研究了小麦抗赤霉病的遗传特性。田间鉴定结果，小麦品种间杂交中用抗性强的品种作父本或作母本，它们的F2代抗、感单株出现数量一致。对不同抗性品种间杂交后代抗赤性的遗传力的研究结果表明，抗×感病及中抗病×感病组合的遗传力大于感病×感病组合的遗传力。从不同抗性品种间杂交后代不同抗性单株出现的比例，可以看出小麦品种对赤霉病的抗性不属质量性状遗传。     

葡萄白腐病和黑痘病抗性鉴定方法

1984～1986年通过田间自然鉴定和接种鉴定的方法,研究了原产我国的葡萄属18个种或变种,88个株系对黑痘病和白腐病的抗性。结果表明,这些种感染黑痘病的严重度为2.33～12.78％,在自然发病条件下不感白腐病,接种后白腐病的发病率为5.00～92.50％。种内不同株系间也存在着抗病和感病的类型。本文还对接种方法进行了探讨。研究表明,田间喷雾接种黑痘病的浓度为1×10~4孢子/ml;白腐病接种,田间以针刺果实2×10~5孢子/ml和室内以针刺果实2×10~6孢子/ml为宜。     

大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS1A的选育及其特性

 栽培大豆品种间杂交组合N8855×N2899的F#-1表现雄性不育,经与N2899连续回交4代,选育出综合农艺性状优良、花粉败育率为100%的大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS1A及其保持系NJCMS1B。不育系雌性育性正常,在不同环境条件下雄性不育性稳定。在回交世代BC#-1F#-1、BC#-2F#-1不育株中发现个别花内含有2个雌蕊（周围20个雄蕊）、3个雌蕊（周围30个雄蕊）等异常现象。     

中国春小麦（6x）×苏联球茎大麦（4x）属间整倍体杂种株系的农艺性状和细胞遗传学观察

 通过染色体观察，从57个中国春小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）×苏联球茎大麦（Hordeum bulbosum L.）BC#-（1）F#-5和BC#-（1）F#-6代杂种株系中，筛选出13个整倍体株系（2n=6x=42）[编号E#-（1）-E#-13]。形态观察表明：它们在苗期、成熟期和穗部形态以及抽穗期、株高等方面有明显的差异，获得了一秕矮秆、大穗、高蛋白、抗小麦黄花叶病等优良农艺性状的材料。这批材料有4种减数分裂染色体构型：即具有低频率和高频率单价体的株系；具有低频率和高频率四价体的株系。由此推断，这些株系所特有的性状是通过染色体置换（二体或单体置换）和染色体易位而引入的，并且这种置换和易位涉及到球茎大麦的染色体。     

Web2.0,以个人为中心的互联网时代的到来

本文介绍了Web2．0的知识和背景，对Web2．0出现的基础以及典型技术和应用作了阐述，同时对其作出了前景展望。     

盐胁迫对葡萄苗期多胺和激素代谢的影响

【目的】 研究盐胁迫条件下,葡萄叶片中多胺含量、多胺氧化酶、多胺合成酶活性以及激素的动态变化,研究不同盐胁迫强度对多胺类物质及激素代谢的影响。【方法】 采用盆栽基质培养模拟盐胁迫环境,设置4个NaCl处理梯度:0 (CK)、1、2和3 g/kg。多胺和激素含量的测定采用高效液相色谱法,多胺合成及分解酶活性的测定采用紫外分光光度计比色法。【结果】 盐胁迫处理后,葡萄叶片中多胺含量和脱落酸含量较对照而言显著增加,玉米素含量显著降低,随胁迫时间的延长,Put、Spm、Spd、ABA以及PAO、DAO、ADC、ODC、SAMDC活性均呈先上升后下降趋势,在10 d及10 d后达到峰值。ZT呈逐渐下降的趋势,并随胁迫强度增大而减小;进行显著性分析后,叶片中多胺含量与Put、Spm、Spd含量呈极显著正相关,DAO、ADC、ODC活性与Put含量呈显著正相关,PAO与SAMDC活性与Spm和Spd含量也呈极显著正相关。【结论】 3种多胺经酶的合成代谢后和激素共同缓解葡萄苗所遭受到的盐胁迫,期间主要发生作用的是多胺合成酶,盐胁迫下多胺与激素含量之间的变化关系也十分密切。     

市级综合气象信息分析与管理系统的设计与实现

以抚顺地区3个国家基本站50余年气象资料为依托,采用Microsoft Excel工作表实现由气候和农业气候2部分构成的气象与农业综合信息处理系统的基本思路、方法、内容、用途和使用情况。为了实现气候分析及应用的科学化、客观化、系统化、规范化、程序化及连续化的业务目标,按业务流程设计与实现的,包括资料处理、气候趋势模拟、气候预测、气候鉴定、季节性信息化处理、农作物产量预报、气候生产潜力分析等一系列内容在内的系统建设。关键是解决了大量的计算问题,建立了区域性通用模式。     

Multi-variable grey model (MGM (1,n,q)) based on genetic algorithm and its application in urban water consumption

Urban water consumption has some characteristics of grey because it is influenced by economy, population, standard of living and so on. The multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n））, as the expansion and complement of GM（1,1） model, reveals the relationship between restriction and stimulation among variables, and the genetic algorithm has the whole optimal and parallel characteristics. In this paper, the parameter q of MGM（1,n） model was optimized, and a multi-variable grey model （MGM（1 ,n,q）） was built by using the genetic algorithm. The model was validated by examining the urban water consumption from 1990 to 2003 in Dalian City. The result indicated that the multi-variable grey model （MGM（1,n,q）） based on genetic algorithm was better than MGM（1,n） model, and the MGM（1,n） model was better than MGM（1,1） model.     

Molecular detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa

Campylobacter species are a major cause of foodborne bacterial infections in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of infections. This study was conducted to identify virulenceassociated genes in Campylobacter species isolated from livestock production systems in South Africa. A total of 250 fecal samples consisting of cattle(n=50), chickens(n=50), goats(n=50), sheep(n=50) and pigs(n=50) were randomly collected from livestock in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa between April and October 2018. The samples were analyzed for the presence of virulence genes in Campylobacter species using molecular PCR-based methods. It was found that 77 and 23% of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli respectively were isolated from all the livestock samples. There were positive significant(P0.05) correlations amongst all the virulence genes that were investigated. Chisquare and Fisher's exact tests were implemented to test for the effect of livestock species on the presence or absence of virulence genes. The study demonstrated that most of livestock species can potentially cause zoonotic infections and food poisoning due to the high prevalence of Campylobacter. The high prevalence of virulence genes highlights the significance of Campylobacter in livestock production systems in South Africa. This requires the implementation of one-health approaches to reduce the impact of foodborne and zoonotic diseases for the welfare of human and animal health.     

红苕饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能及某些血液生化指标的影响

选体重约38公斤的长白(♂)×成华(♀)杂交猪20头,随机分为四组,饲予四种不同的饲粮,研究饲粮中添加铜和/或喹乙醇对猪生产性能和某些血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:基础组、加铜组、加喹乙醇组和两者同时加组全期日增重分别为674、761、796、678克,日采食量分别为2.50、2.65、2.74、2.40公斤,饲料利用率分别为3.73、3.49,3.44、3.54,添加铜和/或喹乙醇对试验第65天血清铜兰蛋白、尿素氨及屠宰率、背膘厚和眼肌面积无显著影响(p>0.05);添加铜使65天血清碱性碱酸酶活性极显著增高(p<0.01),添加喹乙醇有使之升高的趋势,两者同时添加时,碱性酸磷酶活性降低。     

不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响

 【目的】通过比较不同施肥水平下木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配和产量的差异,探讨粤北坡岗地优质高产木薯氮磷钾养分的最佳用量。【方法】以木薯品种南美119为材料,采用“3414”方案,在粤北翁源进行大田试验。试验共设14个处理。【结果】施肥处理的氮素主要分配到地上部,不施肥处理的氮素则主要分配到根部;不同施肥处理的磷素均主要分配到地上部;不施肥处理和不施钾处理的钾素主要分配到根部,不施氮处理的钾素在根、冠间分配较均衡。在木薯不同生长阶段,植株氮磷钾含量均呈下降趋势,但施氮、磷、钾化学肥料处理植株氮磷钾含量的下降速度小于不施氮、磷、钾化学肥料的处理。处理N2P2K2的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最大,不施肥处理（N0P0K0）的氮、磷、钾含量和积累量在各生育期均为最小（P＜0.05）。产量最高的是N2P3K2处理,为22 694.06 kg·hm-2,其次是N2P2K2处理,为21 417.87 kg·hm-2。【结论】木薯产量、氮磷钾养分积累及其在根冠间的分配,对施肥水平高度敏感, 适当比例的氮磷钾肥配合施用既可以显著增加木薯植株的氮磷钾含量和积累量,又可以提高产量。在粤北坡岗地木薯生产中,氮素最重要,在氮素得到满足的条件下,磷素较钾素更重要。在本试验条件下,氮磷钾养分最佳用量为358.80 kgN·hm-2、89.10 kg P2O5·hm-2和187.50 kg K2O·hm-2。     

Current progress on genetic interactions of rice with rice blast and sheath blight fungi

Analysis of genetic interactions between rice and its pathogenic fungi Magnaporthe oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani should lead to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of host resistance, and the improvement of strategies to manage rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Currently, dozens of rice resistance (R) genes against specific races of the blast fungus have been described. Among them, ten were molecularly characterized and some were widely used for breeding for genetic resistance. The Pi-ta gene was one of the best characterized rice R genes. Following the elucidation of its molecular structure, interaction, distribution, and evolution, user friendly DNA markers were developed from portions of the cloned genes to facilitate the incorporations of the Pi-ta mediated resistance into improved rice varieties using marker assisted selection (MAS). However, rice blast is still a major threat for stable rice production because of race change mutations occurring in rice fields, which often overcome added resistance based on single R genes, and these virulent races of M. oryzae pose a continued challenge for blast control. For sheath blight, progress has been made on the exploration of novel sources of resistance from wild rice relatives and indica rice cultivars. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL), named qSB9-2, was recently verified in several mapping populations with different phenotyping methods, including greenhouse methods. The ability to identify qSB9-2 using greenhouse methods should accelerate the efforts on the qSB9-2 fine mapping and positional cloning.     

Virus Location and Lymphocyte Apoptosis in Lymph Nodes of Piglets Infected with PCV-2

The present study has been performed to understand the location of the virus, type of apoptotic cells, and their relation to lymph nodes of piglets infected with porcine circovirus type Ⅱ （PCV-2）. Nine 32-day-old conventional piglets free of infection with PCV-2 were used, and distributed into three groups： control group （n = 3）, piglets inoculated with PCV-2 alone （PCV-2, n = 3）, and PCV-2 inoculated and KLH immunostimulated group （PCV-2 ＋ KLH, n = 3）. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes from all piglets were collected for histological examination after 32 days postinoculation, and immunohistochemistry for PCV-2 detection. Location of apoptotic cells was detected with TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） and cell cycle, and the apoptotic rates were measured by flow cytometry. The characteristic histopathological lesions of the piglets in PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH were lymphocyte depletions in the cortex and paracortex of the lymph nodes, epithelioid-like macrophage infiltration, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies presented in epithelioid-like macrophages. PCV-2 was mainly found in epithelioid-like macrophages by immunohistochemistry. In the lymph nodes, lymphocytes presented higher apoptotic rates in the cortex by TUNEL, special B-cell areas, and similar apoptotic cells were found in this compartment in the control. The apoptotic rates of the lymph nodes were 0.41, 3.34, and 4.88% in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH groups by flow cytometry, respectively. The apoptotic rates of lymph nodes for PCV-2 and PCV-2 ＋ KLH piglets were significantly higher than those for the control group （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01）. The proliferation index （PI） was 0.17_＋0.01, 0.12_＋0.01 and 0.12_＋0.04 in the control, PCV-2, and PCV-2 ＋ KLH group, the PI of the control group was higher than that of the other groups, but without the statistical difference. PCV-2 can induce lymphocyte depletion in lymph nodes of piglets by blocking cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. This is one o     

内脐蠕孢属、平脐蠕孢属和凸脐蠕孢属的研究

本文报道了平脐蠕孢属(Bipolaris)一个新种,一个新组合,5个新记录以及凸脐蠕孢属(Exserohilum)一个新记录。讨论了内脐蠕孢属(Drechslera)、平脐蠕孢属、凸脐蠕孢属与长蠕孢属(Helminthosporium)的关系,并就我国已报道的长蠕孢属真菌按Alcorn等~([1,3,4,5,24])人的意见,逐个进行了订正。