强抗寒性杂交稻新组合金优404的选育与应用

贵州高原平均海拔1000m以上稻作区多阴雨、寡日照,水稻生产易受到低温、“秋风”的危害,尤其是高海拔山区常年遭受大面积秋风冷害。为此,黔南州农科所从1989年开始了水稻抗寒育种,经过10年努力,从若干自育组合中筛选出具有强抗寒性的籼粳交三系早熟大穗型组合金优404,2001年秋通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会组织的抗寒性技术鉴定,2002年2月通过贵州省品种审定。     

杂稻新组合茂优601的产量特性及其应用分析

杂交水稻新组合茂优601于2003年通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定,表现早熟、优质、高产、稳产、适应性强和抗寒性强,在中高海拔地区及中低海拔地区有广阔的应用前景.     

超级旱稻筛选试验初探

通过引进66个旱稻品种进行筛选试验,以中旱221和巴西陆稻、黔优88(杂交水稻)、黔两优58(杂交水稻)对照,共计70份。结果表明CAU2、中旱221、巴西陆稻3个旱稻品种产量分别为310.66、305.16和276.35,抗旱性强表现优于其他品种。     

水稻特异株型恢复系R456的特征特性及其在杂交育种中的应用研究

水稻恢复系R456是利用江西优质稻与贵州地方稻种资源"禾"杂交和强恢复系多系一号聚合杂交,经过多代的定向连续选择而成.用其配组的杂交组合有两优456和汕优456.其中两优456已于2003年7月通过了贵州省品种审定委员会审定、汕优456已完成了两年的区域试验和一年生产试验.通过对水稻恢复系R456及其杂交组合两优456和汕优456的剑叶卷叶指数(RLI)、剑叶长度、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、剑叶角度、穗长、穗实粒数、有效穗、抗性、结实率和产量的分析,结果表明:该恢复系具有配合力强,穗大粒多粒重,分蘖力中上等的特点,其配组的杂稻组合两优456和汕优456的抗性强,高产、稳产性好,适应性广.     

Y两优7号母本直播高产优质制种技术

Y两优7号是由湖南杂交水稻研究中心利用生物分子育种技术选育而成的超高产杂交水稻组合,属两系迟熟杂交籼稻。由于注入了水稻高产基因,品种的产量潜力很大,已通过湖南省审定和超级稻认定。该组合表现出稳产、高产、米质优、抗病性强和产量高等特     

高产抗寒杂交稻新组合"金优554"的选育研究与应用

金优554系安顺市农科所用金23A作母本,自育恢复系安恢554作父本组配选育的高产、优质、适应性广、抗寒性强的中迟熟杂交水稻新组合.该组合在2001～2002年两年的贵州省杂稻迟熟A组区试中,平均较对照汕优63增产11.2%,在2002年的生产试验中,平均较对照增产21.9%.株高101.4cm,有效穗18.0万左右/667m2,穗实粒数125.2粒,全生育期145.2～152.5d,抗寒性较强,中抗稻瘟病、纹枯病.经稻米品质分析,该组合是适宜食品加工型的优质专用型稻米.2003年7月通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定.该组合适于贵州海拔400～1 300m稻区作一季中稻种植.     

优质水稻新品种农丰优256的选育及其栽培技术

详细介绍了农丰优256的选育过程、特征特性、产量表现及配套栽培技术。农丰优256系贵阳市农业试验中心和安徽荃银禾丰种业有限公司合作，用自育不育系农丰A和自育恢复系YR256杂交选育而成的优质、中熟、高产、抗寒性强的杂交水稻新品种，2004～2005年参加贵711省水稻新品种区域试验，2006年6月通过贵711省农作物品种审定委员会审定并命名。审定号为“黔审稻2006005号”。     

杂交水稻新品种在我县师范种植技术

为鉴定和评价贵州省内外各单位选育和推荐的杂交水稻新品种在我县种植的丰产性及抗逆性,启动杂交水稻新品种筛选和技术储备工作,筛选出生育期适宜,抗逆性强、米质优、产量高的优良组合,确保粮食增产、食品安全、农民增收,2013年惠水县引进由贵州筑农科种业、贵州大胜种业、贵州红四方种业公司提供的中9优2号、天优1177、江优126、锋优306杂交水稻新品种进行种植,现将中9优2号等品种2013年在我县的示范种植表现情况总结如下.     

5个超级杂交水稻组合在品比试验中的表现

对5个超级杂交水稻品种(组合)进行品比试验,结果表明:各参试品种生育期适中、株型好、抗倒伏、产量均高于对照。其中,川江优527、Ⅱ优084与对照产量达极显著差异水平,Q优6号、黔南优2058与对照产量差异显著。     

抗寒水稻恢复系R866的选育与应用

恢复系的选育是提高三系杂交稻产量和抗性的主要方面。贵州属云贵高原丘陵山区的中亚热带湿润季风气候,8月中旬至9月易发生冷害（俗称“秋风”）．严重影响水稻生产,危及粮食安全。针对贵州省复杂的稻作生态与气候特点．选用恢复系6078（重庆作物所选育）与幅恢838杂交,通过系谱法于2000年选育出了恢复力强、配合力高、品质优、抗寒性强、花粉量大的新恢复系R866．     

热风与微波干燥胡萝卜的工艺研究

用热风干燥、热风和微波组合干燥对胡萝卜进行干制,检测不同干燥方法对胡萝卜干制品感观品质、复水比、VC含量的影响。结果表明,利用不同的干燥方法所获得的胡萝卜干制品的复水性能和感官品质有明显差异,热风与微波联合干燥胡萝卜制品的品质最优。降低热风温度,缩短热风干燥时间,减小热风速率和微波加热功率,均可提高干制品的复水性、VC含量及其品质。     

Fertilisation of irrigated maize with pig slurry combined with mineral nitrogen

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a very important crop in many of the irrigated areas of the Ebro Valley (NE Spain). Intensive pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) production is also an important economic activity in these areas, and the use of pig slurry (PS) as a fertiliser for maize is a common practise. From 2002 to 2005, we conducted a field trial with maize in which we compared the application of 0, 30 and 60 m³ ha⁻¹ of PS combined with 0, 100 and 200 kg ha⁻¹ of mineral N at sidedress. Yield, biomass and other related yield parameters differed from year to year and all of them were greatly influenced by soil NO₃⁻-N content before planting and by N (organic and/or mineral) fertilisation. All years average grain yield and biomass at maturity ranged from 9.3 and 18.9 Mg ha⁻¹ (0 PS, 0 mineral N) to 14.4 and 29.6 Mg ha⁻¹ (60 m³ ha⁻¹ of PS, 200 kg ha⁻¹of mineral N), respectively. Grain and total N biomass uptake average of the studied period ranged from 101 and 155 kg ha⁻¹ (0 PS, 0 mineral N) to 180 and 308 kg ha⁻¹ (60 m³ ha⁻¹ of PS, 200 kg ha⁻¹of mineral N), respectively. All years average soil NO₃⁻-N content before planting and after harvest were very high, and ranged from 138 and 75 kg ha⁻¹ (0 PS, 0 mineral N) to 367 and 457 kg ha⁻¹ (60 m³ ha⁻¹ of PS, 200 kg ha⁻¹of mineral N), respectively. The optimal N (organic and/or mineral) rate varied depending on the year and was influenced by the soil NO₃⁻-N content before planting. For this reason, soil NO₃⁻-N content before planting should be taken into account in order to improve N fertilisation recommendations. Moreover, the annual optimal N rates also gave the lowest soil NO₃⁻-N contents after harvest and the lowest N losses, as a consequence they also could be considered as the most environmentally friendly N rates.     

甘蔗间种大豆的试验

以甘蔗品种新台糖22号和大豆品种桂早1号为试材,研究了纯种甘蔗和间种大豆两种条件下作物的生长情况、农艺性状、产量及效益。结果表明,甘蔗间种大豆后,分蘖数明显减少,前期长势比较慢,后期不受影响;间种大豆的甘蔗有效茎数比对照稍低,但茎长、茎径和单茎重均高于对照,产量比对照提高6.84%;间种大豆处理比对照的产值多12503.9元/hm²。说明在前期间种大豆虽然影响甘蔗分蘖和长势,但后期大豆的固氮和枯根落叶,增加了土壤有机质和养分,促进甘蔗增产。     

Improvement of quality and shelf-life of strawberries with edible coatings enriched with chitosan

Strawberry fruit have a very short shelf-life and senescent period due to their high degree of perishability and infection caused by several pathogens that can rapidly reduce fruit quality. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and composites with chitosan (CH) coatings on the shelf-life and overall quality of strawberry fruit. Strawberry fruit dipped for 2 min in solutions of CMC (1%), HPMC (1%), CMC (1%) + CH (1%) and HPMC (1%) + CH (1%) were stored at 11 ± 1 °C, 70–75% RH, while the uncoated fruit served as controls. Fruit coated with edible coatings showed significant delays in the change of weight loss, decay percentage, titratable acidity (TA), pH, total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid content as compared to uncoated control fruit. In addition, the edible coatings had a positive effect on maintaining higher concentrations of total phenolics and total anthocyanins, which decreased in control fruit due to over-ripening and senescence processes. Compared to the controls, all the coatings had positive effects on the inhibition of cell wall degrading enzymes and among all the tested coatings, CMC + CH and HPMC + CH was superior in inhibiting enzyme activity. These findings suggest that the use of CMC 1% + CH 1% and HPMC 1% + CH 1% coatings are useful for extending the shelf-life and maintaing quality of strawberry fruit.     

Process Method of Face-gear Drive with Spur Involute Pinion with the Shaping Machine

In order to research face-gear drives, a face-gear drive with spur involute pinion is considered. The genera, tion of a face gear is based on application of a conventional shaping machine and an involute shaper. The functions of theoretic shaping surface and processing surface about the face gear are deduced. Computer programs are developed for simulation of these surfaces. In shaping time, mutual position of two surfaces, theoretic shaping surface and processing surface, is analyzed by simulation. In the end, the feasibility of the process method is concluded.     

可食性CW-GML涂膜结合热处理保鲜鸡蛋研究

以新鲜鸡蛋为试材,对其分别进行热处理(50℃下20 min)、热处理结合巴西棕榈蜡-单月桂酸甘油脂(CW-GML)涂膜(50℃下20 min后常温涂膜)、热处理结合热CW-GML涂膜(50℃下20 min后热涂膜),以不进行加热及涂膜处理为对照组,在30℃恒温培养箱中进行为期35 d的保鲜试验,探究CW-GML涂膜剂配合热处理对鸡蛋保鲜的效果。结果表明:在第35天时,热处理结合CW-GML热涂膜的保鲜效果最好,失重率为4.53%,没有出现散黄,挥发性盐基氮含量低,菌落总数为4.1×103 CFU/g。     

Integration of continuous biofumigation with Muscodor albus with pre-cooling fumigation with ozone or sulfur dioxide to control postharvest gray mold of table grapes

An integrated approach was evaluated that combined biological and chemical fumigation of table grapes to control postharvest gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. After fumigation of the grapes with ozone or sulfur dioxide during pre-cooling, the fruit were then exposed to continuous biofumigation by the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus during storage. Biofumigation was provided by in-package generators containing a live grain culture of the fungus. This grain formulation of M. albus survived the initial ozone or sulfur dioxide fumigation, but sulfur dioxide reduced its production of isobutyric acid, an indicator of the production of antifungal volatiles. Gray mold incidence was reduced among inoculated ‘Autumn Seedless’ grapes from 91.7 to 19.3% by 1 h fumigation with 5000 μL L^?1 ozone, and further reduced to 10.0% when ozone fumigation and M. albus biofumigation were combined. The natural incidence of gray mold among organically grown ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes after 1 month of storage at 0.5 °C was 31.0%. Ozone fumigation and M. albus biofumigation reduced the incidence of gray mold to 9.7 and 4.4, respectively, while the combined treatment reduced gray mold incidence to 3.4%. The use of commercial sulfur dioxide pads reduced the incidence to 1.1%. The combination of ozone and M. albus controlled decay significantly, but was less effective than the standard sulfur dioxide treatments. Although less effective than sulfur dioxide treatment, ozone and M. albus controlled decay significantly, and could be alternatives to sulfur dioxide, particularly for growers complying with organic production requirements.     

Selection of cassava accessions with multiple resistance to pathogens associated with root rot disease

Cassava root rot disease (CRRD) severely affects productivity in several countries. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and to identify multiple resistance sources against pathogens associated with CRRD. The symptoms caused by Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., and Botryosphaeriaceae species in peel and pulp from the roots were evaluated in 277 accessions using a whole tuberous root inoculation method. The resistance data were obtained by REML/BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased predictor). The classic selection index (CI), multiplicative (MI), and sum of ranks (SRI) were used to identify the accessions with multiple resistance. For all pathogens, the environmental variance (\(\sigma_{e}^{2}\)) was the most important component. Individual heritability \(\left( {h_{g}^{2} } \right)\) was of low magnitude for resistance to most pathogens (0.16 ± 0.02—peel and 0.31 ± 0.03—pulp for Fusarium spp.; 0.26 ± 0.03—peel and 0.30 ± 0.03—pulp for Phytophthora spp.; and 0.28 ± 0.03—peel and 0.27 ± 0.03—pulp for Botryosphaereacea species). The distribution of CRRD symptoms indicated the presence of quantitative inheritance. The direct selection of the 15 more resistant accessions based on the genotypic predicted values result in high reductions of disease (>50%). However, there was a low matching rate of the most resistant accessions for each pathogen and the different parts of the tuberous roots (peel and pulp). The CI and MI were the most promising compared to the SRI to ensure high and balanced resistance for each pathogen. Understanding the genetic basis of resistance to CRRD and the identification of sources with multiple resistance may be useful in various management strategies to control the disease.     

Designing Complex Shapes with NURBS

This article discusses the designing method of complex shapes with NURBS. The general design process of curve and surface is put forward in this paper,and the correspondent mathematical expressions and computational method are also presented. Because of the superior feature of NURBS, these methods are very suitable for constructing different kinds of shapes,and easy to use in engineering applications. Finally,the authors summarize various kinds of method of geometry design, based on NURBS.     

A Selection Index to Cope with Genotype-Environment Interaction with an Application to Wheat Breeding

The objective of this study was to develop a genetic selection index for the combination of quantitative observations repeated in different environments when there may be genotype-environment interactions and heterogeneity of the variance. A distinction is made between the index for local ranking of strains for each environment on its own and the index for a joint ranking which predicts mean genotypic value averaged over all environments. The resulting index was applied to field trial observations on the yield of wheat at two locations, involving 276 newly developed strains in six trial groups of equal size, in order to study the efficiency of the index and the sampling variance of index weights. The index for local ranking of strains was found to be consistently more efficient than ranking without the index, though only marginally so in trials with low coefficients of error variation. Limitations on general use of the index, as related to trial size and the standard errors of index weights, are discussed.