雨久花种群开花期生殖株构件表型可塑性及生长分析

采用大样本取样野外实地测定方法,对丹东地区雨久花种群生殖株的数量性状和生殖分配规律进行了分析。结果表明,在开花期,雨久花种群单个生殖株植株高度和花序长分别为(91.59±7.96)cm和(11.10±2.46)cm,花数为(68.47±18.52)个;生殖株生物量、根生物量、茎生物量、叶生物量和花序生物量分别为(9.97±4.13)g、(1.21±0.66)g、(6.36±2.91)g、(1.35±0.76)g和(1.05±0.51)g。花期雨久花种群生殖株变异系数以叶生物量最大,为56.41%;其次为根生物量54.14%;株高最小,为4.87%,各数量性状具有较大的表型可塑性。雨久花种群生殖株表型可塑性遵循着规律性,即随着株高的增加,花序长和花数量呈幂函数增加,根生物量和花序生物量呈直线增加;花序生物量与总生物量之间不存在相关的函数关系。     

松嫩平原蒺藜草(Cenchrus incertus)种群构件生物量分配

通过对松嫩平原蒺藜草(Cenchrus incertus)单优群落植株的取样调查,对其构件的生物量结构、生物量分配进行了定量分析。结果表明:蒺藜草种群籽粒成熟期各构件生物量大小为叶茎花序根,其变异系数分别为167.51%、173.79%、207.37%和125.79%,具有较大的表型可塑性;蒺藜草各构件生物量分配比例大小关系表现为叶茎根花序。蒺藜草植株大小随着根、茎、叶及花生物量的增加呈直线函数形式增加,花生物量分配与总生物量呈显著的正相关性,其余构件生物量分配均与总生物量呈负相关性。     

大青山4种根茎禾草种群生物量生殖分配研究

从构件入手,研究了内蒙古大青山地区4种根茎禾草：羊草（Leymus chinesis）、赖草（Leymus secali-nus）、米氏冰草（Agropyron michnoi）和无芒雀麦（Bromus inermis）种群根茎、营养枝和生殖枝及其构件结实期生物量的生殖分配,研究表明：4种不同根茎类型的根茎禾草种群生物量生殖分配表现出一定的规律性：各种群用于根茎和营养生长的生物量生殖分配占有绝对的优势,生殖分配比例很高,而用于有性生殖生长的生物量生殖分配均较小,大约在16%以下;在各种群主要构件的生物量生殖分配中,根茎和营养枝叶片占有较大比例（20%￣40%）,而用于有性繁殖体种子生产的比例都很小,基本在2%以下。     

民勤沙区典型一年生植物沙米构件特征研究

[目的]为掌握沙区一年生植物个体形态和构件特征,[方法]通过样地调查、室内测定和统计分析,对民勤沙区自然分布的典型一年生植物沙米个体形态特征及构件特征进行了观测研究,并分析了构件生物量与植株高度的关系。[结果]结果表明,沙米个体形态指标值变异系数大,尤其根长和侧根数变异系数大于50 %,反映出沙米对生长环境的良好适应性和调节能力；沙米个体生物量干重介于24.55 g～138.09 g之间,各构件生物量干重分配值的大小顺序是果穗(36.51±26.07 g)>枝条(31.00±20.26 g)>叶(24.09±12.97 g)>根(6.63±3.75 g),沙米生长中将生物量尽可能多地分配到繁殖构件中；沙米单株的含水率70.89±1.61 %,构件的含水率在64.91 %～74.97 %之间,且不同构件的含水率存在差异；沙米各构件生物量分配随植株高度的增加以幂函数关系增加,是沙米个体生长发育能力调节策略的表现。[结论]沙米对生长环境的适应性选择差异造成个体形态特征的差异,生长中将尽可能多地把生物量分配到繁殖构件中以确保种的延续,可以用株高通过模拟模型来衡量出各构件的生物量分配值,为荒漠生态系统中一年生植物的研究提供支撑依据。     

猬实不同分布区种子质量差异比较

通过测定不同分布区(包括栽培植株)猬实种子质量的5个指标,结果表明,3个自然分布区种子质量差异显著,但栽培植株种子质量不低于野生植株;猬实种子质量低劣:种子数/果实数为0.53,种子千粒重为0.31 g,种子饱满度60.87%,种子生活力35.21%,发芽率33.79%.     

稀有花卉植物猬实种子特性的研究

对稀有花卉植物猬实进行了种子特性研究.结果表明:猬实种子质量低劣,种子数/果实数为0.53;种子千粒重为0.31 g;种子饱满度60.87%;种子生活力35.21%;发芽率33.79%.3个分布区种子质量差异显著;栽培植株种子质量不低于野生植株.     

4个紫花苜蓿品种生物量与植株构件的相关性研究

以Victoria、WL 363 HQ、WL 903、WL 525 HQ 4个品种为试验材料,研究了不同紫花苜蓿品种的构件生物量.结果表明:1)品种WL 525 HQ的生物量相对最大.各品种均把较多的生物量(50以上)分配到根上,分配到花的生物量极少(不到1),品种WL 903分配到花的生物量相对其他品种较高.2)繁殖构件生物量与营养构件生物量之间的相关性未表现出一定的规律.3)幂函数反映了茎、叶生物量随个体地上生物量呈等速生长模式,根、花生物量随个体地上生物量呈异速生长模式.根的生长速率,品种排序为:WL 903＞WL 525 HQ＞Victoria＞WL 363 HQ;花的生长速率,品种排序为:WL 903＞Victoria＞WL 525 HQ＞WL 363 HQ.4)线性函数是植株生物量与构件生物量关系的最佳拟合模型.     

白及属4个种种子形态特征的电镜扫描分析

种子的形态特征是相对稳定的性状。目前,国内外有关白及属4个种的种子显微形态描述比较尚未见报道。本研究在白及属4个种植株形态的基础上,利用扫描电镜对蒴果、种和胚的形态、大小及表面纹饰等方面进行观察描述和比较。结果发现:种子在显微形态特征上的差别与植株形态基本一致;种子的色泽及形状区分度不大;白及蒴果、种子、胚的长度最大,分别是(37.66±1.48)mm、(1.533±0.125)mm、(0.527±0.011)mm,与其余3个种差异显著,以后依次是小白及华白及黄花白及;白及蒴果最宽、最厚,与其余3个种差异显著,黄花白及最窄、最薄;小白及种子和胚最宽、最厚;白及种子千粒重最大为2.0×10-3g,小白及次之为1.94×10-3g,华白及为1.67×10-3g,黄花白及最小,为0.80×10-3g;结合植株形态,蒴果、种子和胚最大且种子最重者为白及,最小、最轻者为黄花白及,种子和胚最厚者为小白及。因此,综合蒴果、种子、胚的形状、颜色、长度、宽度、厚度、重量、表面纹饰特征等的比较分析,可以明确区分白及属4个种,为白及属种子形态学研究及进一步的分类和评价提供参考。     

褐家鼠的年龄鉴定及种群年龄组成

对1986～2008年贵州省余庆、息烽、大方、三都、关岭5个县捕获的3059只褐家鼠(雌鼠1573只,雄鼠1486只)体重统计表明,褐家鼠平均体重为108.30±49.00g,雌、雄鼠之间体重差异不显著。根据体重的频次分配特征,参照繁殖状况,将褐家鼠划分为5 个年龄组,制定了各年龄组的体重划分标准,幼年组(Ⅰ)：体重小于或等于60.0g;亚成年组(Ⅱ)：60.1～110.0g;成年Ⅰ组(Ⅲ)：110.1～160.0g;成年Ⅱ组(Ⅳ)：160.1～210.0g;老年组(Ⅴ)：210.0g以上。不同年龄组种群繁殖力存在显著差异,随着种群年龄的增长,种群繁殖力不断增加,参与种群繁殖的主要群体为成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组和老年组,平均怀孕率为46.60%,平均胎仔数为7.00只,平均睾丸下降率为91.49%。种群年龄组成具有明显的季节变化特征,不同地区之间种群年龄组成变化基本一致。     

串叶松香草种子产量构成因子分析

采用方差分析、相关分析、通径分析和逐步回归分析对串叶松香草种子产量构成因子进行了研究,结果表明:在串叶松香草株高、每株生殖枝数、每株花序数、每花序种子数、千粒重和单株种子产量这6个产量因子中,除株高和千粒重在不同生长年限之间不存在显著差异外,其它因子均存在显著差异;每株花序数和每花序种子数与单株种子产量间存在极显著相关,是串叶松香草种子产量的主要影响因子;串叶松香草单株种子产量的回归模型为:Y=-87.50047+0.14578X3+4.19497X4(F=23.51,Pr0.0001)。     

Identification and validation of number of pod ‐ and seed ‐ related traits QTLs in soybean

Traits related to the number of pods and seeds are important yield factors on soybean. The relationships between phenotype and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of these traits may reveal the mechanisms underlying productivity. Our study objectives were to analyse phenotypic correlations, detect stable QTLs and identify candidate genes useful for marker‐assisted selection. Phenotypic analyses revealed that NThSP (number of three‐seeded pods) was positively correlated with NPPP (number of pods per plant) and SNPP (number of seeds per plant). Seventy‐five QTLs were identified based on the mean phenotypic data for at least 2 years. We detected two to 15 and one to three significant QTLs identified at the same location, respectively. Six consensus QTLs associated with at least two NPS‐related (number of pods and seeds related) traits were identified. Two of these were verified in another population. The QTLs for NPPP, SNPP and NThSP formed a consensus QTL cluster on GM02. Another 27 QTLs also formed clusters in five regions. Fifteen candidate genes were mined and discussed. The results will provide more information to soybean breeding.     

衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地恢复过程中植物群落结构及多样性的变化

探讨衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同恢复阶段植物群落结构及多样性的变化。以典型的衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地不同植被恢复阶段为研究对象,采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法,选用立地条件基本相似的演替初期(Ⅰ),演替中期(Ⅱ)和演替后期(Ⅲ)3个恢复阶段,通过调查取样和实验分析,分析不同恢复阶段植物群落结构及多样性。（1）从Ⅰ、Ⅱ到Ⅲ,植物地上生物总量与中旱生植物生物量显著增加(P＜0.05),中生植物生物量与旱生物植物生物量先升后降,呈现出“n”型变化规律(P＜0.05);（2）随着植被恢复的进行,优势种群即狗尾草种群和须芒草种群的重要值显著下降(P＜0.05);（3）Patrick丰富度指数(R)的大小顺序为：Ⅱ＞Ⅰ＞Ⅲ(P＜0.05);Simpson优势度指数(D)的大小顺序为：Ⅲ＞Ⅰ＞Ⅱ(P＜0.05);Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)的大小顺序为：Ⅰ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅲ (P＜0.05)。研究结果将丰富该地区植物生态学和恢复生态学的内容,为衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地生态系统的恢复和重建提供了重要依据。     

黄花倒水莲(Polygala fallax Hemsl)组培快繁技术研究

以当年生黄花倒水莲幼嫩带腋芽茎段作为外植体,开展组织培养试验研究.结果表明:最佳外植体诱导培养基为1/2 MS+ BA 2.0 mg/L+ NAA 0.1 mg/L,诱导率可达95.1％;最佳增殖培养基为WPM+ BA 1.5 mg/L+ NAA0.1 mg/L,增殖系数为6.12,周期为25 d,不定芽生长状况好;最佳生根培养基为1/2 WPM+ IBA 0.1 mg/L+ ABT0.4 mg/L,生根率为95.67％;以泥炭土∶黄泥土∶珍珠岩(2∶1∶1)为移栽基质,移栽成活率可达92.6％,苗木长势好,叶色绿.     

Seed number responses to extended photoperiod and shading during reproductive stages in indeterminate soybean

The number of seeds per unit land area, the major yield component in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is largely determined after the beginning of flowering, particularly from R3 to R6. Environmental factors increasing crop growth rate (e.g. radiation) or extending the duration of the reproductive phases (e.g. photoperiod) increase the number of seeds. We aimed to compare the mechanisms by which photoperiod and radiation affect the definition of final seed number during the critical period of R3–R6. Two field experiments were conducted with indeterminate soybeans at intermediate maturity group. All plots in each experiment were grown under natural conditions until the beginning-pod stage (R3); and from then onwards different treatments were imposed. Treatments consisted of the factorial combination of two levels of radiation (natural or shading) and two photoperiod regimes (natural or extended). Extended photoperiod increased the duration of reproductive phases, the number of nodes and the number of pods produced on the nodes that flowered during or after the applications of the treatments. Shading had negligible effects on development and node number, but reduced crop growth rate and also reduced the number of pods produced on most nodes of the plants. The number of seeds was positively related to the crop growth rate during R3–R6, but photoperiod increased the number of seeds produced per unit of crop growth rate, due to the lengthening of the phase. The number of seeds was therefore even better related to accumulated growth during R3–R6, irrespective of the factor that increased the accumulated biomass (higher daily radiation or longer duration of the phase) suggesting that long photoperiods increased the number of pods and seeds established per unit land area, mainly through increasing the total resource availability during a phase that is critical for the determination of seed number in soybean. However, photoperiod regulation involved additional changes in the development, evidenced by changes in the pod distribution pattern within the canopy.     

布尔山羊公羊身体质量与精液品质和生殖激素之间的关系

[目的]为了对布尔山羊公羊进行更科学的养殖和更合理的选择与利用,[方法]对24只不同身体质量的2~3岁布尔山羊公羊精液品质和血清生殖激素水平进行了测定。[结果]结果表明：BMI<60kg/m2公羊采精量较低,为0.79±0.03 mL。BMI>80kg/m2公羊虽然采精量较多（1.02±0.07 mL）,但精液密度和活力较差。BMI=60~80kg/m2公羊的采精量居中,为0.95±0.12,但精液密度为28.32±4.08亿/mL,明显高于BMI<60kg/m2组（31.93b±2.06亿/mL）和BMI>80kg/m2组（25.96a±3.23亿/mL）（P<0.05）,而且精子活率高,畸形精子较少。体质量较差的公羊血清睾酮、雌二醇和促卵泡素水平也较低,这三项指标与采精量呈正相关。[结论] 生产中保持公羊良好的体质量是至关重要的。     

大豆遗传资源农艺性状的鉴定和筛选

对来自于中国黄淮海大豆产区、北方大豆产区和南方大豆产区的316个大豆品种的主要农艺性状进行了鉴定和比较。结果表明,育成品种的分枝数、分枝荚数、单株总荚数明显不及农家品种,而其它性状如主茎荚数、单株粒重、单株粒数和百粒重优于农家品种。以育成品种和农家品种分别所作的相关分析表明,主茎荚数、分枝荚数、单株总荚数均与单株粒数和单株粒重呈显著的正相关;主茎节数与株高、主茎荚数、单株总荚数、单株粒重、单株粒数呈显著正相关;分枝数与分枝荚数、单株总荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重呈极显著或非显著正相关,但与主茎荚数呈负向显著相关;单株粒数与单株粒重显著正相关,百粒重与单株粒重正向显著相关,与单株粒数负相关显著。通过比较和分析,就百粒重、生育期和株高筛选出一些具有极端值的品种,可以用作品种选育的亲本和大豆分子育种如转基因受体或分子标记作图群体的遗传材料。     

Reproductive Abscission and Yield of Irrigated and Drought Stressed Cowpea

Two experiments were conducted under field conditions to evaluate reproductive abscission, seed yield and yield components of three cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] genotypes. In the first experiment, level of abscission and yield of two cultivars, California Blackeye Pea No. 5 (CA-5) and Speckle Purple Hull (SPH), and one experimental line (AZ-54) were studied. In the second experiment, effect of drought stress on abscission at three nodal positions, seed yield, and yield components of CA-5 were studied. Abscission in both experiments was determined by counting scars left by dropprd reproductive structures including floral buds, open flowers, and immature pods. Abscission of CA-5 and AZ-54 in the first experiment ranged between 68 and 76 % while that of SPH ranged between 86 and 89 %. CA-5 and AZ-54 retained two to three pods per peduncle, and SPH retained only one mature pod per peduncle. Average seed yields of SPH and AZ-54, respectively, were 45 and 50 % of CA-5. Drought stress in the second experiment did not affect production of floral buds Peduncle^?1 (average of 10) but significantly increased percent reproductive abscission and decreased pod retention of CA-5. Abscission in the bottom two-third nodes increased from 82 % in well-irrigated plants to 93 % in non-irrigated plants. This increase in abscission corresponded to nearly 60 % reduction in pod retention. The number of pods per peduncle in the bottom two-third nodes decreased from 1.9 in well-irrigated plants to only. 77 in non-irrigated plants. The increase in abscission and decrease in pod retention with increasing intensity of drought was greatest in the bottom one-third nodes. Drought stress did not affect abscission and pod retention in the top one-third nodes. Stress also decreased peduncles plant^?1, seeds pod^?1, and dry matter and seed yield plant^?1 but did not affect seed weight and harvest index. The decrease in seed yield was largely due to reductions in pods plant^?1 and seeds pod^?1. The reduction in the number of pods and, therefore, seed yield due to stress was because of reductions in the number of peduncles plant^?1 and increases in reproductive abscission. It is concluded external conditions that increase abscission beyond that of normal occurrence affect seed yield adversely.     

Determining relationships among yield and some yield components using path coefficient analysis in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

Chickpea is an important source of protein and has a major role at human nutrition and it is essential to know the relationships between yield and its components in chickpea breeding programs. In this study, five chickpea lines provided from the chickpea breeding program of Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University were used. In the examined characteristics, positive and significant relationships were found statistically between the number of seeds pod⁻¹ and the number of pods plant⁻¹, between the number of seeds plant⁻¹ and the number of pods plant⁻¹ and the number of seeds pod⁻¹, between seed yield plant⁻¹ and the number of pods plant⁻¹, the number of seeds pod⁻¹, the number of seeds plant⁻¹; between the number of seeds pod⁻¹ and seed yield unit⁻¹ area; between the number of seeds plant⁻¹ and seed yield unit⁻¹ area. Negative and significant relationships were determined statistically between the number of pods plant⁻¹ and 100 seed weight, between the number of seeds pod⁻¹ and 100 seed weight, between the number of seeds plant⁻¹ and 100 seed weight, between seed yield unit⁻¹ area and 100 seed weight. The total determining coefficient linking seed yield plant⁻¹ and seed yield unit⁻¹ area are 0.773 (77.3%) and 0.488 (48.8%) respectively in the model which were used in our research. And also total determining coefficient related to 100 seed weight was 0.896 (89.6%) in the same model.     

黑龙江省中熟大豆品种主要农艺性状演变趋势分析

黑龙江省近20年来中熟大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势是株高、有效节数、一二粒荚数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数和单株粒重增加,底荚高度略有增加。分枝数、蛋白质含量呈现先增后减的趋势．脂肪含量呈现先减后增的趋势,百粒重变化不大。株高、有效节数、三四粒荚数、单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重与单株粒重呈显著或极显著的正相关。各性状对单株粒重的贡献大小依次为单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数、株高、有效节数、百粒重。提高单株粒数、单株荚数、三四粒荚数．兼顾株高、有效节数、百粒重是该区大豆育种的主攻方向。