K型杂交小麦恢复基因的遗传研究

用Ｋ型小麦雄性不育系Ｋ１４９Ａ，保持系１４９（Ｂ）和３个恢复材料Ｌ７８３、太１０６和ＰＨ８５－４（Ｒ）及其杂交后代群体Ｆ１（Ａ／Ｒ），Ｆ２，Ｂ２（Ａ／Ｆ），Ｂ２′（Ａ∥ＢＲ）作为试验材料，对育性指标进行了比较，以恢复性遗传研究的最佳指标－套代自交结实率为育性指标，对Ｋ型小麦雄性不育系的育性恢复的遗传特点进行了初步分析，结果表明Ｋ型小麦雄性不育系是配子体不系，三个恢复材料的育性恢复受一对显性基因控制     

广亲和粳稻恢复系选育方法

广亲和粳稻恢复系的选育除采用ＷＡ型恢复与广亲和粳稻杂交选育和不同广亲和恢复系间杂交选育外，本研究提出以粳稻为父本杂交选育的４种办法：１、以型杂交稻Ｆ１为母本转育同质广亲和恢复系；２、以ＷＡ型下育系为母本筛选同质广亲和恢复系；３、以ＷＡ型广亲和不育系为母本，筛选同质广亲和恢复系；４、以同质广亲和恢复系为母本转育新的恢复系。用上述方法已育成０２４２８等广亲和恢复系，并可同时恢复ＷＡ型和ＢＴ型胞质不育系     

甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育性的基因分析

通过对３８４Ａ、２１７Ａ两个甘蓝型双低油菜细胞质不育系及其保持系、恢复系、杂种Ｆ１、Ｆ２及ａＢＣ１（不育系×杂种Ｆ１）、ｂＢＣ１（杂种Ｆ１×保持系）等群体中植株的育性观察和分析，初步查明３８４Ａ、２１７Ａ均属孢子体不育。雄性不育性是由细胞质中的不育基因和细胞核中的隐性基因相互作用的结果。３８４Ａ具有一对隐性不育核基因，２１７Ａ具有两对隐性不育核基因，且３８４Ａ的一对隐性核不育基因与２１７Ａ的任何一对隐性不育核基因不存在等位关系。３８４Ａ的基因型为Ｓ（ｒ１ｒ１），２１７Ａ的基因型为Ｓ（ｒ２ｒ２ｒ３ｒ３）。     

小麦白粉病抗源材料抗病基因数量与遗传模式

本文对１２份小麦白粉病抗源材料的抗病基因数量及遗传模式进行了分析。结果表明：廊８３－０１２，ＢＰｍ５、法４２７、法４３９分别含有一对完全显性抗病基因；４４８８、４５１６、４４３２、Ｔ＊ｓｐｅｌｔ－Ａｌｂｕｍ，４７７４的抗性分别受控于一对不完全显性抗病基因；Ｃ３９则含有三对独立遗传完全显性抗病基因。     

小麦 Ae.ovata 胞质不育系恢复基因的遗传研究

选用豫麦３号卵圆山羊草（Ａｅ．ｏｖａｔａ）细胞质不育系，对其育性恢复基因的遗传刊物了研究，结果表明，Ｔ型恢复系中具有显性恢复基因，能够恢复卵圆山羊草胞质不育系的育性，普通小麦品种豫麦２ 号中具有一对隐性恢复基因，显性与隐性基因间的互作方式的为基因上位作用，在讨论中对卵圆山羊草细胞质的利用价值提出了看法。     

甘蓝型油菜生态雄性不育两用系的研究：Ⅰ.雄性不育两用系的遗传

ＡＢ１是从甘蓝型油菜品系８４－１与８４－２杂交Ｆ３群体中分离出的雄性不育两用系。ＡＢ１在昆明或西宁夏播时表现为雄性不育，在武昌秋播时则表现为雄性可育。ＡＢ１雄性育性的变化是细胞质、细胞核基因（环境条件敏感基因）与环境条件（可能是温度）互作的结果。ＡＢ１的雄性育性恢复基因为一对主效基因，当细胞核内有一个显性基因时，环境条件敏感基因的作用被掩盖。环境条件敏感基因可能是微效多基因。     

9个水稻品种对水稻白叶枯病的抗性遗传研究

研究了８个灿稻抗病品种４号、川植５号、三黄占２号、二九丰、扬稻１号、７５－３４、８３００７、ＮＴ０２和１个粳稻抗病品种湘虎２５对水稻白叶枯菌系Ｐ１、ＨＢ８４－１７或Ｔ１的抗性遗传。这些抗病品种分别与感病品种沈农１０３３或金刚３０杂交，所得的Ｆ１、Ｆ２和Ｂ１Ｆ１群体的抗性反应，表明８个灿稻品种对Ｐ１和ＨＢ８４－１７的全生育期抗性均由一对不完全显性的基因控制，该抗性基因与Ｘａ－４是等位的；粳稻品种湘虎     

杂交早稻恢复系中恢复基因的遗传

分析了2个早稻恢复系(R402和测48-2)对水稻矮败型细胞质雄性不育恢复性的遗传.结果表明,恢复系R402中存在一对显性恢复基因R1R1;而测48-2中有两对显性恢复基因R1R1R2R2,R1和R2间表现显性上位作用.追溯恢复基因R1和R2的来源,它们分别来自我国晚籼品种仙那和印度品种SLO17.     

小麦K、V型胞质雄性不育系F2群体育性分离多态性

利用４个不育系与７个恢复系对Ｋ、Ｖ型不育系育性恢复遗传进行了分析。结果表明，Ｆ１育性恢复表现为显性遗传，Ｆ２群本育性分离呈现多态性。Ｋ８３（２１）３５Ａ、Ｋ１４９Ａ、Ｖ１４９Ａ三个不育系的育性恢复均受两对基因控制，Ｖ８３（２１）３５Ａ的育性恢复所需基因数目在不同遗传背景中不同，同一恢复系在Ｋ８３（２１）３５Ａ和Ｖ８３（２１）３５Ａ两种不同遗传背景中表现不同的育性分离。分析Ｆ２育性分离多态性的原因。     

光敏核不育不稻存在BT型等位不育基因及其遗传关系的研究

农垦５８ｓ及其转育于不同遗传背景的光敏核不育水稻与ＢＴ型不育水稻六千辛Ａ和寒丰Ａ杂交，得到的Ｆ１植株完全不育，证明农垦５８ｓ不育的２对稳性基因中有１对来源于农垦５８，即为与ＢＴ型水稻等位的不育基因。     

Evaluation of Restorability of Two Fertility Restorer Genes in the Rice Chromosome Single Segment Substitution Lines (SSSLs)

由华南农业大学选育的水稻单片段代换系S15对于野败型(WA)和矮败型(DA)细胞质雄性不育系均具有较强的恢复性。以野败型不育系博白A和矮败型不育系协青早A为母本, 单片段代换系S15为父本杂交, 采用分子标记辅助选择和连续回交的方法构建了两个BC₃F₂群体。利用与第1、第10染色体上恢复基因Rf3和Rf4两侧紧密连锁的SSR标记, 从这2个BC₃F₂群体中筛选携带基因型Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4和rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4的单株, 观察这些单株花粉和小穗育性, 并利用202个多态性SSR标记分析这些单株的遗传背景, 结果表明: (1)在同一细胞核背景下(S15), DA型细胞质的可恢复性好于WA型细胞质, 单片段代换系S15中的恢复基因Rf4的恢复力大于恢复基因Rf3的恢复力。(2)单片段代换系S15中的恢复基因对于WA型不育系博白A和DA型不育系协青早A表现出质量-数量性状的遗传。在单片段代换系S15中, 除了主效恢复基因Rf3和Rf4外, 微效基因或者修饰基因也表现出对于博白A和协青早A的恢复性作用, 而且效应较大。(3)在构建的2个BC₃F₂群体中, 携带基因型Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4和rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4单株的遗传背景片段数平均为1.0, 对应于恢复基因Rf3和Rf4座位的代换片段平均长度分别为12.9 cM和18.4 cM。     

Inheritance and mapping of male sterility restoration gene in upland japonica restorer lines

Several upland Japonica breeding lines, WAB450-11-1-3-P40-HB (Abbreviated as WAB450-11), WAB450-11-1-2-P61-HB (WAB450-13), WAB450-l-B-P-91-HB (WAB450-14), IRAT216, IRAT359, and IRAT104, possessing restoring ability for the Dian 1 type cms (cms-D) line Dianyu 1A were recently identified at Food Crops Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P. R. China. In this study, the inheritance of restoring ability in these lines was characterized through the production of backcross populations to the male-sterile and maintainer Dianyu 1 lines. Each of the restorer lines was used to pollinate Dianyu 1A to form a F₁ hybrid which was then backcrossed (1) with Dianyu 1B producing a BC₁F₁ population and (2) to the female parent Dianyu 1A producing a BC₅F₂ population. The lines were also crossed with the japonica restorer line C57, carrying the restorer gene Rf1 that was introgressed from indica, to form F₁ hybrids, these hybrids were then testcrossed with Dianyu 1A to study the allelic relationship of their restorer genes to Rf1. The inheritance in these testcross populations indicated that the complete restoring ability of WAB450-11, WAB450-13, WAB450-14, IRAT216, IRAT359, and the partial restoring ability of IRAT104 were controlled by dominant genes, and the gene in WAB450-13, WAB450-14, and IRAT216 was allelic or identical to Rf1. When 136 SSR markers were used to score 143 BC₁F₁ individuals from Dianyu 1A/WAB450-13//Dianyu 1B, the japonica Rf1 allele was found to be located between RM171 and RM6100 on the long arm of chromosome 10, an interval corresponding to that known for the indica Rf1 allele. The distance between RM171 and Rf1 is 2.8 cM, and that between Rf1 and RM6100 is 4.9 cM. Similar linkage results were obtained from mapping 89 individuals of the corresponding BC₅F₂ population (Dianyu 1A/6/Dianyu 1A/WAB450-13).     

野败型育性恢复基因在AA基因组野生稻中的分布与遗传

分析了野败型恢复基因在AA基因组野生稻的分布。结果表明：（1）在31份野生稻中，有16份含有恢复基因，分布频率达51.6%。（2）6个AA基因组野生稻种中有4个种存在恢复基因，但主要集中于O. rufipogon和O. nivara。（3）在所鉴定的16份野生稻恢复系中，对野败型花粉育性恢复力大于80%和50%～80%的各6份，小于50%的4份；强恢复     

粳稻恢复系宁恢3-2育性恢复

两套粳稻雄性不育系(A)及其保持系(B)分别与宁恢3-2(R)杂交、回交、自交、获得两个组合的 F_1(A/R)、B_2(A//A/R)、B_2′(A//B/R)、F_2和 F_3,以花粉育性和种子育性作为恢复度指标,研究宁恢3-2育性恢复力的遗传。 结果表明,BT 六千辛 A 和 L 平壤3号 A的花粉以染败为主,在光学显微镜下不易区分分离世代植株中可育和不育花粉,故不宜用花粉育性作为恢复度指标进行遗传分析。以种子育性为指标,发现两个不育系是配子体不育类型,宁恢3-2对它们的育性恢复力是由一对显性恢复基因控制的。     

Inheritance and allelic relationships of fertility restoration genes for seven new sources of male-sterile cytoplasm in sunflower

The inheritance of fertility restoration of six mitomycin C and streptomycin‐induced cytoplasmic male‐sterile (cms) mutants and one cms line derived from Native American cultivar PI 432513 in sunflower was evaluated. These seven new cms sources were also compared with the commercially used cms PET1 (Helianthus petiolaris Nutt.) cytoplasm, using USDA inbred lines with restoration genes (Rf₁) specific for cms PET1 and new restoration lines identified for cms PI 432513. Restoration genes for cms PI 432513 were found in ‘Armavir’, VNIIMK, P21 and male‐fertile (MF) plants of PI 432513. F₂ and F₃ segregation ratios of crosses between cms PI 432513 and these restoration sources indicated a single dominant gene controlled fertility restoration. Progenies of cms PI 432513 testcrossed with F₁’s of half‐diallel crosses among the respective four homozygous restoration lines and RHA 274 suggested that the restoration genes of RHA 274, VNIIMK, P21 and PI 432513 were at the same locus. Restoration genes from VNIIMK, P21 and PI 432513 satisfactorily restored pollen stainability in the heterozygous condition. A very weak expression of the Rf gene in ‘Armavir’ was observed in the heterozygous condition. Fertility restoration capability of these genes for the six mutant cms HA 89 and cms HA 89 (in PET1 cytoplasm) was observed. The mutant cms HA 89 lines were also restored completely by RHA 266, RHA 274, RHA 280 and RHA 296, and F₂’s segregation ratios indicated single dominant gene control, implying a common cytoplasmic male sterility in all lines. F₁’s of half‐diallel crosses among RHA 266, RHA 273, RHA 274, RHA 280 and RHA 296 were testcrossed onto the cms lines, and their all MF progenies among lines, except RHA 280, confirmed that fertility restoration was controlled by a single Rf₁ gene locus. The restoration gene in confection line RHA 280, namely Rf₃, was at a different locus than Rf₁ and was equally capable of restoring all the cms lines. Cms HA 89 mutants and cms PI 432513 are in H. annuus cytoplasm, and are agronomically equal in hybrid performance to the cms PET1 used in commercial sunflower hybrids. These new cms lines will provide immediate alternative cms sources for reducing the genetic vulnerability resulting from the exclusive use of the single cms source PET1 in sunflower hybrid production.     

高粱A_1、A_2型核质互作雄性不育性遗传的初步研究

本试验表明,A_1型雄性不育性是由细胞质不育基因S_1与核内两对隐性不育基因ms_1ms_1 ms_2ms_2共同控制.A_2型雄性不育性是由细胞质不育基因S_2与核内一对隐性不育基因ms_2ms_2共同控制.相对的显性恢复基因MS_1MS_1 MS_2MS_2是独立遗传的,不存在累加效应,两对显性基因都与S_1存在互作关系,只要有其中一对就可实现对A_1细胞质不育系的恢复.A_2细胞质雄性不育系则只有MS_2MS_2基因才能恢复.MS_1MS_1基因在A_2细胞质遗传背景下失去了显性恢复作用,成为S_2的非互作基因.雄性不育的核质互作具有普遍性和对应性,保持系则具有多样性.     

分子标记辅助选择聚合棉花Rf1育性恢复基因和抗虫Bt基因

胞质雄性不育恢复系0-613-2R与转Bt基因抗虫棉R019(轮回亲本)杂交、回交产生BC2群体。利用CMS恢复基因Rfl紧密连锁的3个SSR标记和Bt基因的PCR标记开展分子标记辅助选择培育聚合有Rfl和Bt的转基因抗虫棉恢复系。在分析的59个BC2单株中55株存在恢复基因标记，54株存在Bt基因；综合标记分析结果，共获得54个同时具Rfl与Bt基因的聚合单株；这些聚合单株自交后，通过标记辅助选择，获得10株含Bt基因且Rfl纯合的单株。为棉花优良恢复系的快速培育提供了重要基础。     

Mapping and genetic analysis of two fertility restorer loci in the wild-abortive cytoplasmic male sterility system of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Hybrid varieties developed by making use of the wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility system account for 90% of hybrid rice produced. Previous inheritance studies have established that the fertility restoration in this system is controlled by two major loci, but the chromosomal locations of the fertility restorer (Rf) loci have yet to be resolved. In this study we determined the genomic locations of the two Rf loci by their linkage to molecular markers. The Rf gene containing regions were identified by surveying two bulks, made of 30 highly fertile and 46 highly sterile plants from a large F₂ population of the cross between Zhenshan 97A and Minghui 63, with RFLP markers covering the entire rice genome. The survey identified two likely Rf gene containing regions, located on chromosomes 1 and 10 respectively. This was confirmed by ANOVA using a large random sample from the same F₂ population and also with a genome-wide QTL analysis of a test-cross population. The results also showed that both loci have major effects of almost complete dominance on fertility restoration and the effect of the locus on chromosome 10 is larger than the one on chromosome 1. The two loci acted as a pair of classical duplicate genes; a single dominant allele at one of the two loci would suffice to restore the fertility to normal or nearly normal. Closely linked markers identified in this study may be used for marker assisted selection in hybrid rice breeding programs. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparative genetic analysis and molecular mapping of fertility restoration genes for WA,Dissi, and Gambiaca cytoplasmic male sterility systems in rice

The genetic relationship among three cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) systems, consisting of WA, Dissi, and Gambiaca, was studied. The results showed that the maintainers of one CMS system can also maintain sterility in other cytoplasmic backgrounds. The F₁ plants derived from crosses involving A and R lines of the respective cytoplasm and their cross-combination with other CMS systems showed similar pollen and spikelet fertility values, indicating that similar biological processes govern fertility restoration in these three CMS systems. The results from an inheritance study showed that the pollen fertility restoration in all three CMS systems was governed by two independent and dominant genes with classical duplicate gene action. Three F₂ populations, generated from the crosses between the parents of good-performing rice hybrids, that possess WA, Dissi, and Gambiaca CMS cytoplasm, were used to map the Rf genes. For the WA-CMS system, Rf3 was located at a distance of 2.8 cM from RM490 on chromosome 1 and Rf4 was located at 1.6 cM from RM1108 on chromosome 10. For the Dissi-CMS system, Rf3 was located on chromosome 1 at 1.9 cM from RM7466 and Rf4 on chromosome 10 was located at 2.3 cM from RM6100. The effect of Rf3 on pollen fertility appeared to be stronger than the effect of Rf4. In the Gambiaca-CMS system, only one major locus was mapped on chromosome 1 at 2.1 cM from RM576. These studies have led to the development of marker-assisted selection (MAS) for selecting putative restorer lines, new approaches to alloplasmic line breeding, and the transfer of Rf genes into adapted cultivars through a backcrossing program in an active hybrid rice breeding program.     

9个水稻品种对水稻白叶枯病(Xant homonas oryzae pv.oryzae)的抗性遗传研究

研究了8个籼稻抗病品种川植4号、川植5号、三黄占2号、二九丰、扬稻1号、75—34、83007、NT02和1个粳稻抗病品种湘虎25对水稻白叶枯病菌系P1、HB84-17或T_1的抗性遗传.这些抗病品种分别与感病品种沈农1033或金刚30杂交,所得的F_1、F_2和B_1F_1群体的抗性反应,表明8个籼稻品种对P_1和HB84-l7的全生育期抗性均由一对不完全显性的基因控制,该抗性基因与Xa-4是等位的;粳稻品种湘虎25的成株抗性则由一对显性基因控制,该基因与Xa-3相等位.