一年生黑麦草A 2003新品系品种比较试验

通过对A2003一年生黑麦草与"杰威、钻石T、特高"一年生黑麦草在贵州南部独山地区进行生育期、生长速度、茎叶比、鲜草产量、营养价值等指标观察测定,结果表明:A 2003一年生黑麦草生产性能高于对照杰威和参试品种钻石T、特高.     

一年生多花黑麦草种植利用技术

<正>云南省腾冲县明光镇自2003年开始引种一年生多花黑麦草,通过11年的试验示范及推广,目前种植面积7000余亩,为改善饲草料结构、促进畜牧业发展发挥了积极作用。现根据当地实际将一年生多花黑麦草种植利用技术简述如下:1.品种选择明光镇先后引入特高、沃土、钻石T、杰威、邦德等十余个品种开展种植对比试验。经测定,以一年生特高多花黑麦草最为适宜该区域种植。该品种具有适应性广,抗虫害能力强,产量稳定,苗期生长快(尤以早春和晚秋生长最好),耐频繁刈割,再生迅速,植株高大紧     

黑麦草品种特高在苏州地区的种植表现

2002～2003年度，参加试验的品种共有6个，全部为一年生多花黑麦草品种，分别为特高、牧杰、抗锈王、邦德、萨卡尼，以国产多花黑麦草为对照。2003～2004年度，参加试验的品种共有5个，其中一年生多花黑麦草品种2个，为特高和苏畜1号，多年生紫花苜蓿品种2个，为三得利和游客，以国产多花黑麦草冬牧70为对照。     

种植方式对黑麦草生育特性的影响研究

为探讨种植方式对黑麦草生育特性的影响,以钻石T和特高多花黑麦草为材料,采用稻底撒播、浅沟撒播、翻耕条播和翻耕撒播4种种植方式进行田间试验,结果表明:播种方式对黑麦草出苗速度有较大影响,但对生育期影响不大,各播种方式生育期从抽穗期起开始接近,到成熟期基本一致;1月中旬后,黑麦草株高进入快速生长期,生物产量也快速提高,株高与产量增长呈正相关;黑麦草分蘖数存在1个高峰值,其分蘖减少是因田间覆盖度增大,部分分蘖由于光照不足成为分蘖无效甚至死亡,此时产草量的增加主要依靠植株增大和向上生长形成;翻耕条播产草量最高,土壤精细耕作是提高稻田轮作黑麦草产量的重要因素;2个品种产量在3月中旬都有一个峰值,此时黑麦草可为牲畜提供大量草料.种植方式对黑麦草生育特性有较大影响,特别是对根系和产草量影响最大,采用翻耕播种是提高黑麦草产草量的有效措施.     

贵州高寒山区优良牧草引种与评价

为筛选适宜贵州高寒地区种植利用的优良牧草品种,对4科27个品种进行了引种试验.结果表明:大多供试牧草品种综合性能表现较好.经过评价,适宜贵州高寒地区高产人工草地建设利用的优良牧草品种有威宁洋萝卜、海湾黑麦草、饲用玉米、维多利亚紫花苜蓿和海发白三等8个,其中禾本科牧草产量都达到42521.25 kg/hm2以上,豆科达2284.48 kg/hm2以上,新品种海湾黑麦草比当地主推品种特高黑麦草增产37.68%,本地品种威宁洋萝卜鲜草产量最高,高于其它品种27.45%以上;适宜建设放牧型人工草地的禾本科品种有扁穗雀麦、黔草2号高羊茅、黑麦草普瑞纳和百盛等8个;兼作蔬菜的凉山圆根1个.根据各品种生育特性和当地气候特点,选用优良牧草品种在该区域进行配套种植实现草畜平衡是完全可行的.     

几个栽培因子对多花黑麦草贵草2号鲜草产量的影响

通过测定不同播种量、播种期和条播行距不同处理下的鲜草产量,分析3个栽培因子对贵草2号多花黑麦草新品系鲜草产量的影响。结果表明：贵草2号多花黑麦草在适宜栽培条件下,播种量2.5g／m^2、条播行距30cm、8月下旬至9月初播种鲜草产量最高,播种期过晚、行距过大均不利于高产。     

秩次分析法对安徽花生产量性状评价研究

为筛选适合安徽省种植的花生品种,利用秩次分析法对9个环境点、22个参试品种的产量表现进行数据分析,在方差分析基础上,对各品种的秩次值(H2)、环境区分指数(YM)、秩次均方(S2)等统计数进行计算,从品种的高产性和稳产性2个方面进行比较。结果表明,在参试的22个品种(系)中4个品种(系)具有较好的高产性和稳产性,秩次分析法能够较为客观准确地评价参试品种的产量表现,具有较高的应用价值。     

贵州高寒山区一年生黑麦草引种试验研究

在贵州省大方畜牧局试验基地,对引自百绿集团和贵州草种场的4种一年生四倍体宽叶性黑麦草品种：特高、沃土、杰威、努依,于2004～2005年进行了牧草品种比较试验.结果表明：沃土在贵州省大方县比其它3个品种的表现好,病虫害少、产量高,适宜在贵州高寒山区推广种植.     

多胺浸种对多年生黑麦草抗旱性的影响

以多年生黑麦草(lolium perenne)3个牧用型品种路易、麦迪和雅晴为研究对象,对其进行多胺浸种及干旱处理。通过测定其相对发芽率、相对发芽势、相对根长、相对苗长、相对胚芽鞘长等指标,研究多胺浸种对多年生黑麦草抗旱性的影响。结果表明:PEG胁迫降低了3个多年生黑麦草品种的发芽能力、发芽速度及活力,抑制了胚根、胚芽及胚芽鞘的生长。结合各指标综合评定,3个多年生黑麦草品种种子萌发期的抗旱性表现为麦迪>路易>雅晴。精胺和腐胺浸种能不同程度提高3个品种抗旱性,且精胺浸种对麦迪和路易品种的作用较腐胺更为显著。     

几种多花黑麦草与紫花苜蓿品种的化感作用研究

本文对三个多花黑麦草与两个紫花苜蓿品种的茎、叶和根的水浸提液化感作用进行了研究分析。结果表明：三种花黑麦草与两种紫花苜蓿品种对受体赛迪7有一定的化感影响,对赛迪7的种子发芽都有抑制作用;多花黑麦草 Barextra和Barmega两个品种的根、茎、叶水浸提液对赛迪7的苗高、根长及生物量的积累都存在低促高抑的化感作用;供体不同部位化感作用不同;紫花苜蓿两个品种茎的水浸提液在三种浓度下均对赛迪7的根长有促进作用,对苗高有抑制作用。     

晋北高寒区不同燕麦品种生长特性比较研究

为了解中国燕麦品种生长特性的整体表现,收集了近年来国内燕麦主产区7 个燕麦样品,比较了其重要营养组成及品种间的差异,并初步筛选了燕麦优良品种。2014 年在山西大同地区,对7 种燕麦品种的物候期、株高、分蘖数、产量等考种指标等进行比较研究。综合分析各指标可知,不同燕麦品种在大同试验点的饲草和籽粒产量差异较大,其中‘坝莜13 号’籽粒产量为3.22 t/hm2,与其他品种间差异显著（除‘坝莜14 号’外）(P＜0.05),最适于进行籽粒生产;‘燕科2 号’和‘白燕11 号’的干草产量分别为51.96 t/hm2和49.54 t/hm2,与其他品种间差异显著(P＜0.05),最适于进行饲草生产。     

Improved seed yield in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from two generations of phenotypic selection

Two generations of recurrent phenotypic selection for seed yield per plant under controlled pollination were carried out to combine improved seed yield with improved forage grass performance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Selected and unselected varieties (AberDartand AberElan respectively) and control varieties were grown for seed in pots in a glasshouse experiment and in two field plot experiments over 5 harvest years. Seed yield components and seed yield were measured. Significant improvements in seed yield of the selected AberDart over the unselected AberElan were observed both in individual plants grown in the glasshouse and in field plots. Detailed observations of the individual components of seed yield showed that the increased seed yield of AberDart can be attributed to a higher proportion of ovules forming seeds (% seedset), greater seed number per tiller and more reproductive tillers per plant. This improvement in seed yield of AberDart was also observed when it was grown in field plots with AberElan, experimental selection lines and commercial varieties. AberDart produced more seeds per tiller than the other commercial varieties and selection lines studied. The implication of this approach for the breeding of perennial ryegrass varieties that combine good agronomic performance and acceptable seed yields is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

锌锰钼配施技术在鸡脚草和百脉根混播草地中的应用

针对河南省土壤特点,锌锰钼肥的生理功能以及牧草生产利用中存在的问题,从2000年起对Zn、Mn和Mo肥3种微肥在鸡脚草（鸭茅）(Dectylis glomerata L.)和百脉根(Lotus corniculatus L.)混播草地进行了应用性研究,详实地探讨三种微肥的应用范围和具体措施。研究证明：Zn肥对鸡脚草和百脉根混播草地的有效范围集中在200~600mg/kg之间,最佳利用浓度为200~400mg/kg,能够促进牧草光合作用和提高种子产量,对牧草生产没有影响。200mg/kg的Zn肥与500mg/kg Mn肥和300mg/kg的Mo肥三者配施下,不但提高牧草的光合能力和种子产量,而且也显著地提高牧草产量（11.8%）。     

高丹草新品种在河北平原农区的引进筛选

在河北平原农区,通过对国内外11个高丹草新品种的产草量、粗蛋白产量、物候期、分蘖力、再生性、株高等性状的研究分析,结果表明：以青饲、青贮饲喂牛为目的,表现最好的品种为健宝,不仅产草量高、粗蛋白产量、分蘖能力、再生性、长势均较好。其次为晋草1号、瑞奥3号。高丹草在河北平原农区春播、夏播均可,春播可刈割三次,夏播可刈割二次。     

种植密度对不同类型玉米青贮产量和营养价值的影响

为明确不同类型青贮玉米在临沂地区最佳种植密度,设置了4个密度梯度（60 000、75 000、90 000、105 000株/hm ²）,研究种植密度对专用型青贮玉米雅玉8号和粮饲兼用型玉米登海605饲用产量和营养价值的影响。结果表明：密度对不同类型青贮玉米鲜草、干草产量影响显著,密度增加,青贮玉米鲜草产量和干草产量均先增加后减少,在密度75 000株/hm ²时均获得最高鲜草、干草产量。密度对不同类型青贮玉米粗脂肪、粗灰分、酸性洗涤纤维含量和子粒产量、粗蛋白产量、粗脂肪产量、可消化干物质、相对饲喂价值、无氮浸出物含量和总能量影响显著,密度增加,雅玉8号粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和可消化干物质、干物质采食量、相对饲喂价值和无氮浸出物含量下降,粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量呈上升趋势,子粒产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪产量和总能量先增加后减少,在密度75 000株/hm ²均获得最高子粒、粗蛋白、粗脂肪产量。从饲料总能量来说,专用型青贮玉米雅玉8号和粮饲兼用型玉米登海605在山东临沂地区饲用的最佳种植密度均为75 000株/hm ²。     

基于熵值赋权的DTOPSIS法对鲁南地区11个饲用燕麦品种的综合评价研究

为筛选适宜在鲁南地区种植的饲用燕麦品种及探讨燕麦新品种综合评价的方法,利用基于熵值赋权的DTOPSIS法对11个燕麦品种的株高、鲜草产量、干草产量、茎叶比、粗蛋白含量、中性洗涤纤维含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量和相对饲草品质等方面进行综合分析。结果表明,熵值赋权法客观评价了各指标在该评价体系中的重要程度,指标中权重最大的是茎叶比,其余依次是鲜草产量、粗脂肪含量、相对饲草品质、干草产量、粗蛋白含量、株高、中性洗涤纤维含量、粗灰分含量和酸性洗涤纤维含量,符合对燕麦饲料的要求。C_i值排名前5的品种是燕王、牧王、魄力、贝勒和甜燕麦。这5个品种产量较高,综合性状表现优良,适宜在鲁南地区推广种植。     

PEG-6000干旱胁迫对5种牧草种子萌发的影响研究

为了解5种冷季型牧草种子萌发期的抗旱性,采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱,分别以5%、10%、15%聚乙二醇溶液作渗透介质,研究了不同干旱胁迫对紫花苜蓿、白三叶、多年生黑麦草、红三叶和细弱翦股颖等5种牧草种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等4个指标的影响。研究结果表明：随PEG-6000浓度的增加,白三叶、紫花苜蓿、多年生黑麦草、细弱翦股颖的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数都呈现下降趋势;红三叶在5%的水分胁迫下发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均高于对照。经回归统计检验和系统聚类分析综合评价结果,该5种牧草种子抗旱性强弱依次为：细弱翦股颖>红三叶>紫花苜蓿>白三叶>多年生黑麦草。     

国内主要饲草燕麦品种干物质积累及生产潜力评价

为明确冀北坝上适宜种植的饲草燕麦品种及刈割时间,于2017-2019年以20个不同类型的皮、裸燕麦品种为研究对象,分析气候对燕麦发育进程的影响,比较不同年份和不同刈割期下产草量和籽粒产量。结果表明,气温对燕麦生育期影响较为明显,气温升高燕麦生育期缩短,尤其对晚熟品种的影响较大;降雨对燕麦生物产量影响较为明显,降雨量增加生物产量提高,苗期干旱对饲草生产相当不利。刈割试验明确了冀北坝上饲草生产中最适宜种植的品种是GL381、坝莜18号、远杂1号、定燕2号、坝莜3号和草莜1号,开花期前刈割仅是定燕2号最好的选择;开花期后刈割首选远杂1号、GL381和坝莜18号,其次,选择坝莜3号和定燕2号;早熟和中早熟品种青引2号和白燕2号等8个品种可在二季作区和有生长期时间限制时选用。产量试验表明,成熟后生物产量高的品种首选远杂1号和GL381,生物产量达到10 819.5~10 920.0kg/hm²。籽粒产量由高到低的前9位品种籽粒产量水平为4269.0~5185.5kg/hm²,其中裸燕麦GL381和远杂1号籽粒产量分别为4765.5kg/hm²和4269.0kg/hm²,表现较好。兼顾生物产量和籽粒产量表现均较好的品种是GL381、蒙燕1号、远杂1号和Haywire。     

Intercropping soybean and palisade grass for enhanced land use efficiency and revenue in a no till system

Integrated no-till crop and livestock production systems may help rejuvenate degraded pastures, increase land use efficiency (LUE), and increase enterprise revenue. Our objectives were to evaluate: (1) planting date effects on seed yield and nutrient concentration of an early-maturing, no-till system (NTS) soybean (Glycine max) when intercropped with palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha); (2) dry matter production and protein concentration of the grass pasture after soybean harvest; and (3) overall revenue and LUE for the intercrop system. Experiments were performed during two growing seasons in Botucatu, Brazil using a randomized complete block experimental design. When palisade grass and soybean were sown simultaneously, soybean yield averaged 3.28 Mg ha⁻¹. Similar seed yields were observed when palisade grass was planted either 30 d after soybean emergence (DAE) (3.29 Mg ha⁻¹) or at the soybean reproductive stage R6 (full seed) (3.50 Mg ha⁻¹). Monocrop soybean yield averaged 3.50 Mg ha⁻¹. First cut dry matter forage production was greater when palisade grass was sown at the same time as soybean or 30 DAE of soybean. This indicates that interseeding palisade grass with soybean does not significantly affect soybean nutrition or yield. Intercropping did increase LUE and resulted in 1.6 times more revenue than soybean alone. However, sowing palisade grass at the soybean reproductive stage R6 (full seed) significantly reduced the forage yield compared to early planting.     

Genetic potential to improve seed and forage yield simultaneously in smooth bromegrass under water deficit conditions

This study was conducted to assess genetic potential of smooth bromegrass for water stress and to identify the association among different seed and forage production related traits. Thirty-six genotypes were clonally propagated and evaluated in the field under two moisture environments (normal irrigation and water stress) during 2013–2015. High variation was observed among genotypes for all of the measured traits. Water stress had negative effects on seed yield and its components and reduced genotypic variation of measured traits. On average, water stress reduced seed and forage yield by 38 and 14%, respectively. Genetic coefficient of variation for seed yield and its components was higher under stress, providing opportunities for a greater selection differential. The estimates of heritability were higher in normal condition than water stress condition for all of the evaluated traits, which is advantageous for successful selection. Moreover, the majority of seed yield components had higher heritability estimates than seed yield. The higher heritability estimates of some seed yield components, compared to SYP, suggests a potential for indirect selection. The results showed that selection for both forage and seed yield is possible simultaneously in normal irrigation as well as in water stress environment. Genotypes 7, 8, 26 and 27 had high forage yield, while genotypes 23 and 27 had high seed yield under both normal irrigation and water stress condition. Three genotypes ranked among the top three for both seed and forage yield and under both normal irrigation and water stress condition. They are promising parents for further use in developing improved cultivars by cross-breeding.