不同密度和再生方式对嫁接茄子产量的影响?

为了进一步揭示再生对茄子产量的影响,本试验以嫁接茄子为试材,采用三种密度（4.1万株/hm2、4.8万株/hm2、5.5万株/hm2）,三种再生方式（长截、中截和短截）,日光温室吊绳栽培,探讨不同再生方式、密度对产量的影响。研究结果表明：适当密植配合短截再生使茄子根系和茎生长增强,增加了水分和矿质元素的吸收和在植株体内的运输,从而使产量增加     

甘蓝型油菜花茎高效再生体系研究

研究了甘蓝型油菜花茎外植体高效诱导不定芽的再生体系,结果表明：以含有2,4-D（0.5~1.0mg/L）的培养基对外植体进行预培养,以及在分化培养基中加入AgNO3（2~6mg/L）,可显著降低外植体褐化坏死的频率,提高了不定芽的发生频率及其再生能力;6BA（2.5 mg/L）与NAA（0.1mg/L）配合使用有利于提高不定芽发生频率;再生的不定芽90%可长根     

5-氮杂胞嘧啶核苷降低小麦成熟胚再生频率

为了研究组蛋白乙酰化对小麦再生的影响,以CB037、Fielder和中国春(CS)的成熟胚为外植体,在培养基中添加不同浓度的5-氮杂胞嘧啶核苷(5-azaC),分析了胚性愈伤组织诱导率、愈伤组织分化率和绿芽诱导率。结果表明,添加50 μmol/L 5-azaC,CB037绿芽诱导率为54.72%,与对照79.62%相比,下降水平达到极显著差异;添加10 μmol/L和50 μmol/L 5-azaC,Fielder胚性愈伤组织诱导率分别为39.13%和35.71%,绿芽诱导率分别为26.09%和25.14%,与对照相比,均有显著性差异的下降;CS在50 μmol/L浓度处理时,胚性愈伤组织诱导率为23.89%,与对照30.95%相比,有显著性差异的下降。添加5-azaC降低小麦成熟胚再生频率;随着添加浓度升高,降低效果越明显。5-azaC对小麦再生频率的影响有基因型差异。     

结合植被指数与纹理特征的玉米冠层FAPAR遥感估算研究

光合有效辐射吸收比率（fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation,FAPAR）是反映作物产量的重要参数之一。无人机遥感能够快速无损地获取高分辨率植被冠层光谱信息,已成为进行物理化参数反演的重要手段。以不同播期玉米为研究对象,基于无人机搭载多光谱传感器,提取植被指数与植被纹理特征,使用偏最小二乘（partial least squares regression,PLSR）方法将二者结合反演玉米FAPAR,并与传统单独使用植被指数或植被纹理特征反演植被FAPAR的方法进行比较。结果表明：使用传统方法单独利用植被指数反演FAPAR（验证RMSE最低为7.33×10^-2,rRMSE最低为8.66%）的效果比单独利用纹理特征反演FAPAR（验证RMSE最低为9.50×10^-2,rRMSE最低为11.23%）的精度更高;使用PLSR方法单独利用植被指数或纹理特征估算FAPAR的效果比传统方法精度更高（植被指数与纹理特征的验证RMSE最低分别为6.77×10^-2和5.24×10^-2,rRMSE最低分别为8.01%和6.19%）;使用PLSR方法将植被指数与纹理特征相结合估算FAPAR（验证RMSE最低为4.72×10^-2,rRMSE最低为5.57%）的效果比单独使用植被指数或纹理特征估算FAPAR的精度更高。综上,使用PLSR方法将植被指数和植被纹理特征相结合来反演玉米冠层FAPAR可行,为作物FAPAR遥感反演研究提供了新的思路。     

棉花半配合的受精生物学研究

本文从受精生物学角度探讨了棉花半配合特性的发生机制。发现产生半配合的棉花，受精融合过程非常特殊，主要在现在以下几点：（１）受精与胚乳形成基本正常；（２）精、卵两核接触持续４８～７２小时以上，比正常过程长约２～３倍多；（３）精、卵最终不融合，接触７２～９６小时后，两核之间出现新细胞壁，形成大型卵细胞和小型精细胞共存的原胚；（４）授粉７天后形成父母本同在的嵌合单倍体球形胚。这种精卵之间形成分隔式的半配合现象，在已研究过的具半配合植物中是没有的，也正是半配合棉花能有效地自发产生单倍体的原因。     

植物多功能营养液对茶叶产量和品质的影响研究

采用两因素交叉分组设计，试验就喷施植物多功能营养液（简称营养液）和施用氮肥对茶叶产量和品质的影响做了初步研究。结果表明，单独喷施营养液和单独施用氮肥均能显著或极显著地增加茶树芽叶密度和百芽重，提高茶叶中氨基酸的含量；单独喷施营养液能极显著地增加茶多酚的含量，但单独施用氮肥却极显著的降低其含量；对芽叶密度，营养液与氮肥之间存在互作。对百芽重，氨基酸和茶多酚含量的影响两者之间则不存在互作。     

安徽省GPS/MET水汽反演资料质量控制初步研究

本着提高安徽省GPS/MET水汽反演资料质量的宗旨,利用综合判别法开展了GPS/MET水汽反演资料质量控制。首先,对2011 年7 月—2014 年9 月GPS/MET水汽反演资料进行分析,形成该资料的界限值,作为综合判别法的第1 步;在第1 步的基础上采用偏差（GPS/MET水汽实际观测值与全球再分析GDAS计算可降水量值的偏差）阈值法进行资料的整体质量控制,作为第2 步;进一步对偏差较大月份的水汽资料采用双权重法进行质量控制,作为第3 步,并且初步给出了GPS/MET水汽反演资料与降水的序列关系,最终形成安徽省GPS/MET水汽反演资料质量控制后的数据集。利用GPS/MET观测系统水汽资料高精度、高时空分辨率的特点,研制的数据集以及相应的质量控制方法能够为后期的水汽资料同化和融合奠定基础。     

培养基成分对红树莓不定芽分化的影响

培养基成分对红树莓不定芽分化会产生直接影响。试验结果表明：ＢＡ与ＩＢＡ配合使用诱导不定芽分化的效果优于ＫＴ与ＩＢＡ的配合使用和ＢＡ与ＩＡＡ和ＮＡＡ的配合使用。在１／２ＭＳ大量元素＋ＢＡ１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＩＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ分化培养基中，不定芽分化率大于８０％；当ＢＡ增加到２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时，不定芽的分化率最高（９５．６％）；３０－５０ｇ／Ｌ的蔗糖以及ＮＨ４ＮＯ３与ＫＮＯ３的适当比例有助于红树莓不定芽的     

苹果叶盘法基因转化中抗生素种类和浓度的筛选

以苹果品种嘠拉试管苗为试材，研究了卡那霉素（Km）、潮霉素（Hm）对继代苗生长和离体叶片再生的影响，以确定叶盘法基因转化的选择压和转化体的筛选浓度以确定苹果叶盘法基因转化中的选择压和抗性芽的筛选浓度；同时研究了不同浓度的头孢霉素（Cef）和羧苄青霉素（Carb）对苹果离体叶片再生的影响及对农杆菌EHA105和LBA4404的抑菌效果，以确定苹果叶盘法基因转化中合适的抑菌抗生素种类和浓度；以确定侵菌共培养后合适的抑菌抗生素种类和浓度。。结果证明表明：Km卡那霉素10mg/L、Hm4.0 mg/L完全抑制了叶片不定芽的分化，可作为苹果叶盘法转化时抗性芽的选择压； 在Km 50mg/L、Hm5.0 mg/L达到继代苗的半致死浓度，可作为基因转化后抗性芽苗的筛选浓度，10mg/L时完全抑制供试叶片不定芽的分化。；由于抗性芽再生的选择压与抗性苗筛选浓度相差较小，Hm相对于Km更适合作为苹果基因转化的选择标记；培养基中附加潮霉素的浓度为5mg/l继代苗不再分化生长，作为基因转化后抗性芽的筛选浓度，2.0mg/L时完全抑制供试叶片不定芽的再生，作为基因转化后抗性芽的筛选浓度。头孢青霉素在Cef 300mg/L时就能完全抑制农杆菌生长，对叶片不定芽的再生影响不大；而附加Carb羧苄青霉素则需400mg/L以上时才能抑制农杆菌LBA4404的生长，同时严重抑制了叶片再生。因此，宜选用Cef作为苹果基因转化的抑菌抗生素。     

赤峰地区敖汉苜蓿冻害及其防御技术

敖汉苜蓿在赤峰地区受冻有4种表现，（1）全株未受冻；（2）根颈上端受冻变黑，下端仍能再生新芽；（3）根颈全部和根的部分受冻变黑，不能再生新芽；（4）全株受冻死亡。引起冻害的主要原因是苜蓿播种期晚和根颈入土浅。研究结果表明，越冬前芷蓿具有2个以上分枝，根颈入土深度5cm以上，以及根颈膨大，直径达0．3cm以上者，方能减轻或避免受冻。适时早播或带肥播种，延长苜蓿生长期和促进幼苗生长，同时在封冻前对平作进行浅耕覆土或深开沟冻磨平，无能增加根颈保温层，有效提高苜蓿越冬率。     

Optimization of culture conditions for improved plant regeneration efficiency from wheat microspore culture

The production of haploid plants through microspore culture is a very important tool for plant breeding. However, progress in microspore culture for many species has been hampered by a number of factors that have resulted in low recovery of regenerated green plants. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to increase the regeneration of haploid green plants from isolated wheat microspores. The use of different basal media and variations in media components resulted in the increased recovery (approximately double) of regenerated haploid wheat plants. Our findings demonstrate that CHB medium, in combination with 2,4-d, was a better medium for embryoids induction and plant regeneration than medium MC17 with either 2,4-d or PAA growth hormones. Wheat microspores cultured without ovary co-cultivation did not respond. Furthermore, high efficiency of microspore derived embryoids (up to 296 MDEs per 100 anthers) and green plant regeneration (up to 71 green plants per 100 anthers) were achieved by the use of gelrite instead of agarose as a gelling agent, and by the addition of media additives such as spent medium or MET.     

Barley lines showing prominent high green shoot regeneration in cultures derived from immature embryos

Eighty‐four cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and 95 wild strains (82 of H. spontaneum and 13 of H. agriocrithon) were surveyed for the production of callus, callus growth, and shoot regeneration in cultures derived from immature embryos. All cultivars except for ‘Turkey 381′, induced calli from more than 90% of embryos. On the other hand, the wild lines showed a large variation in the percentage of callus induction from 0 to 100%. Among the cultivars, those with the brittle rachis genotype, bt Bt₂, on chromosome 3H, regenerated shoots with a significantly higher percentage than the cultivars with the Bt bt₂ genotype. Green shoots were produced in a higher ratio (0.84) in the cultivars than in the wild lines (0.52). Among the lines examined,‘Lenins’ regenerated shoots efficiently (90.4%) and produced the highest number of calli with green shoots per embryo (4.77) followed by ‘Golden Promise’ (3.15). Examination of callus growth and shoot regeneration from embryos at different developmental stages revealed that scutellum development affected the quantity and quality of callus and shoot regeneration.     

多效唑在小麦花药培养中应用的研究

在小麦花粉愈伤诱导及分化培养基中,加入一种三唑类化介物---多效唑(MET),对出愈率和绿苗分化率影响不明显,但当其浓度高于2mg/L时,会出现负效应。在小麦壮苗培养基中附加MET3 mg/L,萘乙酸(NAA)0.5mg/L,蔗糖8％,不仅可改善春性小麦花粉植株的生长状态,还可提高花粉苗染色体加倍率。若与将愈伤转入分化培养基以前先在含秋水仙碱250mg/L的MS培养基中处理1天这一方法相配合使用,将会出现更好的加倍效果。冬性小麦花粉植株的壮苗培养基中添加MET,可有效地防止花粉苗在越夏过程中老化,增加分蘖数,从而大幅度提高移栽成活率,但同时花粉植株的染色体加倍率有所下降。     

Plant Regeneration Through Anther Culture of Three Wild Species of Hordeum (H. murinum, H. marinum and H. bulbosum)

Plant regeneration was achieved through anther culture of three wild species of Hordeum (H. murinum, H. marinum and H, bulbosum). Calli or embryoids were formed from microspores in anthers cultured on a medium containing 6-benzylammopurine (BAP) and ficoll. These calli or embryoids regenerated green or albino shoots and roots after transfer to regeneration media. Green plantlets which developed on regeneration media were transferred to soil where they showed further growth.     

不同有机物对铁皮石斛试管苗生长发育的影响

研究不同有机物浸提液对铁皮石斛试管苗生长的影响。在相同的培养条件下,以8种含有不同有机物的培养基培养试管苗,60d后对试管苗的各种性状进行记录统计,并与对照（没加有机物提取液）进行比较分析。结果不同的有机物浸提液对试管苗的影响效果不一样。壮苗以加入白萝卜提取液、CH和CM为佳,生根以加入香蕉提取液为佳,要提高繁殖系数以不加有机物为佳。     

不同有机物对铁皮石斛试管苗生长发育的影响

研究不同有机物浸提液对铁皮石斛试管苗生长的影响。在相同的培养条件下,以8种含有不同有机物的培养基培养试管苗,60d后对试管苗的各种性状进行记录统计,并与对照(没加有机物提取液)进行比较分析。结果不同的有机物浸提液对试管苗的影响效果不一样。壮苗以加入白萝卜提取液、CH和CM为佳,生根以加入香蕉提取液为佳,要提高繁殖系数以不加有机物为佳。     

Grafting in vitro Regenerated Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Shoots as a Method for Obtaining Mature Plants

A method of grafting pea plants is proposed to allow rapid availability of a large number of mature plants from in vitro regenerated shoots. Plant regeneration was obtained from macerated vegetative apices and immature embryos, but regenerated shoots rooted with low frequency (ca. 10 %). When those shoots were grafted onto seedling stocks of the same cultivar, 80 to 85 % of the grafts survived, grew to maturity and produced seed.     

Trait correlation of immature embryo culture in bread wheat

Immature embryo culture of 45 cultivars in bread wheat was conducted to investigate trait correlation in tissue culture response. Plantlets were regenerated mainly through somatic embryos confirmed by histological examination, but also confirmed by the trait correlation analysis. The incidence of calli with leaf‐like green spots as opposed to the time, rate and fresh weight of callus induction in dedifferentiation culture was significantly positively related to organogenesis both in differentiation and maintenance culture. It indicated the plant regeneration potential might be predicted early by the incidence of calli with leaf‐like green spots in the dedifferentiation stage. Significant positive correlation also occurred among all the organogenesis traits such as the rate of shoot and root regeneration, or the number and length of shoots.     

Cytological Study of Callus and Regenerated Plants of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

In vitro culture of shoot apical meristems of Helianthus annuus was studied to determine the cytological condition of calli and regenerated shoots. A broad chromosome mosaicism (aneusomary) in bath callus and regenerated shoots was found, reflecting the cytological conditions of the explain. During in vitro plant development, a diplontic selection took place that was more rapid when very precocious in vitro flowering occurred.     

云锦杜鹃组培快繁技术研究

（1杭州植物园，杭州 310013；2浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所，杭州 310021）