匍枝筋骨草悬浮培养生产蜕皮甾酮的研究

为得到生长迅速、生物量大、蜕皮甾酮含量高的匍枝筋骨草(Ajuga lobata D.Don)细胞系,从固体培养基选择、激素种类筛选出筋骨草颗粒状的胚性愈伤组织,再从培养基类型、激素配比和接种量3个方面优化悬浮培养体系。试验结果表明：添加0.4 mg/L 2,4-D的MS固体培养基可以诱导匍枝筋骨草组培苗的根段产生松散的颗粒状胚性愈伤。比较细胞系在WPM、MS、1/2MS 3种液体培养基中的生长状况,确定MS为最佳的悬浮培养基。2,4-D对细胞生长有显著影响,细胞生物量可达到添加NAA生物量的1.3倍;其与6-BA配比对筋骨草细胞的影响研究结果表明,随着6-BA的浓度增加,蜕皮甾酮的含量随之增加,其中,添加0.5 mg/L 6-BA的筋骨草细胞中蜕皮甾酮含量与不添加6-BA的对照相比,差异显著(P<0.05);添加1 mg/L 6-BA积累的蜕皮甾酮与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01)。因此,0.4 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L 6-BA为悬浮培养的最优激素配比,培养7天后细胞生物量净增长生物量可达到(4.3652±1.0739) g,蜕皮甾酮含量可达到(4.5692±0.2044) mg/g,所形成的细胞系更均一且繁殖速率最快。接种量为15%时,细胞长势好,鲜重增殖倍数达3.45,第7天细胞生长速率达1.109 g/d,为最适的接种量。试验建立了生长迅速、悬浮液均一的匍枝筋骨草细胞悬浮培养体系,适于蜕皮甾酮的大量生产。     

甜菜多重SSR-PCR体系的建立和优化

为了建立甜菜多重SSR-PCR体系,通过利用11对甜菜SSR核心引物,根据SSR扩增产物片段大小的不同,构建甜菜2~5重SSR-PCR反应体系。结果表明,在单一SSR-PCR的基础上,甜菜2~3重SSR-PCR的体系为：每增加一重SSR,仅仅增加相应引物的量以及减少去离子水的量。甜菜4~5重SSR-PCR,要在单一PCR的基础上增加0.5倍DNTPs的含量以及相应引物的量,同时根据个别引物扩增效率的不同,相应减少或者增加0.5倍个别引物的量,并成功的构建了16个4重PCR和9个5重PCR。多重PCR反应能够产生与单一PCR相同的多态性,但是却比单一PCR提高了2~5倍的效率,甜菜多重PCR体系的建立将大大加速甜菜品种纯度和真实性鉴定的速度,也将更快的促进甜菜分子生物学其他领域的发展。     

大蒜ISSR-PCR反应体系的正交优化建立

为探寻出更适宜大蒜的ISSR反应体系,以‘弥渡紫皮’大蒜为试材,对ISSR-PCR反应体系中的5个主要因素（dNTPs、Taq酶、Mg2+、引物浓度、模板DNA）在4个不同水平上进行正交设计L16(45)优化。结果表明,含10×PCR Buffer 2.5 μL、2.5 mmol Mg2+、0.15 mmol dNTPs、1.5 U Taq DNA聚合酶、0.4 μmol引物、20 ng/μL模扳DNA的25 μL反应体系为大蒜的最佳反应体系。利用新建立的反应体系对20个不同大蒜品种进行扩增,具有极好的稳定性和重复性。     

中国日光温室结构优化研究现状及发展趋势

日光温室是中国设施农业的重要组成部分。日光温室的结构设计不仅影响内部环境因子和生产效益,而且对温室建造、生产成本及其结构稳定性和耐用性有直接影响。综述了地域和气候约束条件下日光温室主要结构优化设计的研究现状,如跨度、脊高、采光屋面角、采光屋面形状、墙体结构和后屋面结构等,为不同地区日光温室建造提供参考信息。同时,探讨了其计算机辅助结构分析研究状况,并分析了今后的发展趋势和待研究的问题。     

大麻ISSR反应体系的优化与引物的初步筛选

为探寻出更适宜大麻的ISSR反应体系,用以研究大麻的遗传多样性,利用梯度试验对dNTP、Ta qDNA聚合酶和引物的浓度,预变性时间和退火温度5个因素进行优化,从而建立了适合大麻的ISSR-PCR反应体系。结果表明,在25μL体系中,dNTP 200μmol/L,模板1 ng/μL,引物200 nmol/L,聚合酶1 U (2.5 pmol/μL);预变性3 min (94℃),退火温度48℃,为大麻最佳反应体系;研究利用优化后的ISSR反应体系,在30条引物中,筛选出8条适合大麻的ISSR引物,体系具有较好的稳定性和重复性。     

Application of a Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm in Truss Structure Optimal Design

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm developed in recent years is a stochastic optimization algorithm based on swarm intelligence. It possesses advantages such as being a simple concept, ease of implementation and low resource occupation. The PSO algorithm was adopted to solve the problem of size optimization of truss structures with stress and displacement constraints. We present the basic principle of the original PSO algorithm in detail, and then introduce a constriction coefficient to modify it. Moreover, reasonable values of the coefficients are proposed for the modified PSO algorithm. Several classical problems are solved using the modified PSO algorithm, and the results compared with those using traditional optimization algorithms and genetic algorithms. Numerical results show that the modified PSO algorithm has good convergence and stability, and can be applied to the size optimization of truss structures.     

薄皮甜瓜果实总蛋白质双向电泳优化体系的建立

为建立适宜的薄皮甜瓜果实总蛋白质双向电泳的试验体系,以‘京蜜11号’薄皮甜瓜为试材,从果实总蛋白质的提取方法、等电聚焦条件、IPG胶条梯度等方面进行了探索优化。结果表明,酚-甲醇/醋酸铵沉淀法能够高效的提取薄皮甜瓜果实总蛋白质,选用24 cm pH 4~7的IPG胶条,800 μg上样量,120000 Vhs聚焦,SDS-PAGE电泳后采用胶体考马斯亮蓝染色。该优化的体系可以获得背景清晰、分辨率高、重复性好的双向电泳图谱。     

典型土壤中有效态镉CaCl2提取条件优化研究

为了研究CaCl2提取不同类型土壤中有效态镉的优化条件,以中国南方酸性水稻土和西北中偏碱性灰钙土为研究对象,探讨不同浓度CaCl2提取剂和不同提取时间对2种土壤中镉提取量的影响.结果表明,CaCl2提取的镉主要为土壤中的水溶态镉与部分交换态镉;0.01 mol/L CaCl2浸提下,酸性水稻土在3h达到平衡,提取量占土壤中水溶态与交换态镉含量之和的4.68％～54.90％,灰钙土仅需1h就达到平衡,但提取量占土壤中水溶态与交换态镉含量之和的3.60％～3.89％;0.1 mol/L CaCl2浸提下,水稻土需12h才达到平衡,提取量占土壤中水溶态与交换态镉含量之和的83.28％～90.32％,灰钙土3h达到平衡,提取量占土壤中水溶态与交换态镉含量之和的44.21％～45.26％;提取剂CaCl2浓度越高,镉提取量就越大,达到平衡所需要的时间也越长;0.1 mol/L CaCl2比0.01 mol/L CaCl2更适宜酸性水稻土和中偏碱性灰钙土有效态镉的提取,水稻土和灰钙土所需的提取时间分别为12h和3h.     

Hybrid multiobjective particle swarm optimization and estimation of distribution algorithm

Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization & Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (MOPSO&EDA) is presented for solving multiobjective problem. During the process of optimization, half of offspring solutions are updated by the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with mutation which has the ability of global search. Another half of offspring solutions are created by the Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) which has better ability of learning and local research. EDA explicitly extracts globally statistical information from the selected solutions and builds a posterior probability distribution model of promising solutions based on the extracted information. Compared with some other multiobjective algorithms, the Pareto Sets obtained by MOPSO&EDA have good convergence and diversity performance on ZDT1~ZDT3, ZDT6, ZDT6 1 instances, and the performance metrics of convergence and diversity on ZDT4 are moderate.     

Analysis of the Impact of Electric-Rate-change on Local Economy--With the Demonstration of Chongqing City

Analyses impact of China electric market changes on electric rate is analysed.Itispoinfed out that with the change of the conditions of China electric market,the electric rate should not be priced only with the considering of the supply side's cost,and that it will be more important to consider the possible reaction of the demand side's demand to the change of electric rate. the indexes of the influences of electric rate change on local economy are put forw ard, such as rate of electric cost to product value, price rising rate. The demonstrate impact of electric rate's possible change on local economy is calculated with the data of Chongqing City, 2000.     

舞毒蛾ISSR反应体系的优化与建立

舞毒蛾是一种食性广、危害大的林业害虫,遗传多样性的研究有利于揭示不同地理种群的遗传变异情况。以河北舞毒蛾为实验材料,对ISSR反应体系中的5个因子（Taq DNA聚合酶、模板DNA、引物、MgCl2和dNTPs）的8个浓度梯度依次进行试验,每一因子的最佳浓度都用于下一组优化试验,最终确定最佳反应体系优化筛选,结果表明,20μL ISSR反应体系各组分的最适浓度分别为0.5 U Taq DNA聚合酶,1.5 ng/μL模板DNA,2.4μmol/L引物,1.75 mmol/L MgCl2,0.28 mmol/L dNTPs。这一优化的舞毒蛾ISSR-PCR反应体系为进一步利用ISSR分子标记技术对舞毒蛾的遗传多样性分析奠定了良好的试验基础。     

Discussion on Optimization of Tube Settling Process

The optimization of tube settling process should be confined within the optimization of whole water treatment plant design under the conditions of higher criteria on potable water.Tube settling process has a better suitability for the challenge of new regulation of drinking water quality. When optimizing tube settling process,the effects on which filtration and flocculation processes have been exerted should be considered.The design surface load of tube settling should be lower than that in existing design codes.The configuration of tube module can be selected as two-or multi-layer module to make full use of the separation capacity of tube module.The suitable cross-section type of tube is also needed to be selected carefully,adopting an excellent one which is knoumas square cross-section type of tube.The layout of tube settler,the arrangement of tube module,the connection between tube settler and flocculator,and the construction and operation management of tube settling process are also factors for the optimization of tube settling process.     

Evolutionary topology optimization of the lower stable of a hydraulic press

It is difficult to obtain the globe optimum solution by applying conventional sizing and geometrical optimization methods. Evolutionary topology optimization is conducted for the lower stable of a hydraulic press using a bi directional evolutionary structure optimization (BESO) method based on ratio of stress changes, and the evolutionary history and index are analyzed. The presented algorithm obtains the simultaneous optimization on both geometry and topology, and a new topology of the lower stable of the press is evolved which possesses a reasonable topological structure. The results of finite element analysis show that the new structure has decreased maximum stress, uniform stress distribution and good material usage.     

芝麻SSR检测体系的优化与应用

为了建立一套适用于芝麻SSR标记检测的技术体系,以5个芝麻新品种为试验材料,选用35对SSR引物,从反应体系、反应程序、电泳、银染4个环节进行优化。结果表明：反应总体积为10 μL,优化后的基本成分及用量分别为25 mmol/L Mg2+ 1.2 μL,10 mmol/L dNTPs 0.3 μL,5 U/μL Taq酶0.3 μL,50 ng/μL Primer 0.9 μL,10×Buffer 0.7 μL,25 ng/μL DNA模板2.5 μL,ddH2O 4.1 μL。反应程序为：94℃ 3 min;94℃ 1 min,60℃ 30 s,72℃ 45 s,10个循环;94℃ 30 s,57℃ 30 s,72℃ 45 s,30个循环;72℃ 5 min。PCR产物用6%变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,硝酸银快速染色检测效果良好。筛选出多态性较强的SSR引物24对,用这些引物对20个品种进行扩增,初步分析了SSR标记应用于芝麻DNA指纹分析的潜力。     

甜菜SCoT-PCR反应体系的建立及优化

旨在利用SCoT分子标记技术为甜菜指纹图谱构建、遗传多样性分析以及其他分子标记辅助育种提供技术支持。本研究利用单因素实验优化了甜菜SCoT-PCR反应体系。结果表明,在20 μL反应体系中,甜菜SCoT-PCR最优反应体系包含2.0 μL的10×PCR buffer（含Mg² ）、10 ng的DNA、0.5 U的Taq DNA聚合酶、10 μmol/L的引物2 μL以及0.1 μL的dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L each)。利用优化后的程序对12份糖甜菜品种进行扩增,结果表明,该体系扩增结果稳定、条带清晰,可用于甜菜品种指纹图谱的构建以及其他分子生物学领域的研究。     

Three new approaches to genomic selection

Conventional genomic selection approaches use breeding values to evaluate individual plants or animals and to make selection decisions. Multiple variants of breeding values and selection approaches have been proposed, but they suffer two major limitations. First, selection decisions are not responsive to changes in time and resource availability. Second, selection decisions are not coordinated with related decisions such as mating and resource allocation. We present three new genomic selection approaches that attempt to address these two limitations, which were designed by engineering students in a class project at Iowa State University. Compared with previous approaches using the same data set from the literature, two of these engineering approaches were found to be comparable to the state of the art, and the third one significantly dominated all the previous approaches.     

L-色氨酸分批发酵条件的优化

采用正交设计对L-色氨酸生产菌TQ2223的发酵培养基进行配比优化,同时对发酵温度、通风条件等进行研究,确定了该菌株的最佳分批发酵条件。     

狭叶坡垒RAPD-PCR反应体系优化

以濒危物种狭叶坡垒硅胶干燥的叶片为材料,研究其RAPD-PCR体系优化条件.结果表明,优化的狭叶坡垒RAPD-PCR反应体系为:25μL体系中1×PCR buffer,3 mmol/L Mg2+,0.2 mmol/L dNTPs,0.5 U/25μL Taq聚合酶,0.4μmol/L引物,5 ng/μL DNA模板;最佳扩增程序为:94℃预变性5min;94℃变性1min,35℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1.5min,35个循环;72℃最后延伸7 min.     

微生物转化生产木糖醇工艺研究

从土壤中筛选获得了1株木糖醇高产菌株,该菌株发酵玉米芯水解液后获得的发酵液,通过离心去除菌体,用紫外分光光度法测得木糖醇产量。采用摇瓶发酵对发酵工艺条件进行优化,通过测定发酵液中木糖的残留量、木糖醇的产量、木糖醇的转化率来确定最佳的发酵工艺。结果表明,木糖醇的产量由最初3.12g/L增加到8.79g/L,转化率由15.6%增加到43.95%;优化后,最佳培养基条件为:选用木糖质量浓度为20g/L的玉米芯水解液为碳源,质量浓度为2.5g/L的蛋白胨和2.5g/L的酵母浸膏作为氮源,质量浓度为3.0g/L的KH2PO4,4.0g/L的NaCl,0.5g/L的MgSO4·7H2O,最佳发酵条件为:摇瓶发酵装液量80mL/250mL,转速160r/min,pH值为5.0,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间44h,在此条件下,木糖醇最大产量是13.84g/L,木糖转化率达69.0%。该菌株经初步研究,显示了良好的研究潜力和应用前景。